Neuroprotective effects of Bergenia ciliata on NMDA induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells and attenuation of cognitive deficits in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats
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Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Sternb. possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-urolithiatic, wound healing, anti-malarial, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties. Moreover, the methanolic extracts of the rhizomes of the plant were found to demonstrate beneficial neuroprotective effects in the intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced model in rats. Thus, the present study was undertaken to further explore the neuroprotective potential of the aqueous (BA) and methanolic extracts (BM) of B. ciliata through various in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Both the extracts at all tested concentrations i.e. 50–50,000 ng/mL did not cause any significant reduction of cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells when tested for 48 h when assessed through MTT and resazurin metabolism- based cell viability assays. The pre-treatment with the extracts could confer significant (p < 0.001) and dose-dependent protective effects against NMDA induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. BM [IC50: 5.7 and 5.19 μg/mL for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) respectively] led to more potent inhibition of both the enzymes as compared to BA (IC50: 227.12 and 23.25 μg/mL for AChE and BuChE respectively). BM also proved to be a 1.85-fold better scavenger of the DPPH free radicals as compared to BA. Thus, BM was taken further for the evaluation of the beneficial effects of 14-day pre-treatment in rats in the scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) induced amnesia model at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. BM pre-treatment at 250 and 500 mg/kg could significantly ameliorate the cognitive impairment (p < 0.001), inhibit AChE (p < 0.001) and BuChE (p < 0.05) activity, restore GSH levels (p < 0.05) in serum and brain homogenates and recover the morphology of hippocampal neurons back to normal. Moreover, the BM administration at 500 mg/kg also showed beneficial effects through the significant (p < 0.05) reduction of Aβ1-42, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and GSK-3β immunoreactivity in the brain homogenates of the intracerebroventricularly streptozotocin (ICV STZ) injected rats as observed from the results of the ELISA assays. The outcomes of the study unveiled that BM exerts its beneficial effects through prevention of NMDA induced excitotoxic cell death, dual cholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant activity coupled with the reduction of the immunoreactivity for the Aβ1–42, p-tau and GSK-3β indicating its potential to be screened further for various other models to determine the exact mechanism of action.
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Methanolic extracts of Bergenia ciliata, Cnestis ferruginea, and Emblica officinalis significantly reduced AChE activity and improved cognitive functions.
“Studies on the methanolic extracts of Bergenia ciliata, Cnestis ferruginea, and Emblica officinalis also reported significant reductions in AChE activity and improvements in cognitive functions [54,55,56].”
From Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Plants and Their Potential in Alzheimer’s Treatment: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
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- C.M. Crowch, E.J. Okello, Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 3 (2009) 469-475 http:// www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPP/article-abstract/ 2F688BC36625%5Cnhttp://www.acadjourn.org/AJPP/PDF/pdf2009/October/ Crowch and Okello pdf.pdf.
- A.K. Gupta, Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants vol. 1, Indian Council of Medical Research, 2003.
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- Authors
- Barai, P., Raval, N., Acharya, S., & Acharya, N.
- Affiliations
- Nirma University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Acharya, Niyati
- Venue
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 108
- Pages
- 374-390
- ISSN
- 0753-3322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2891601162
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Science and Technology, Government of Kerala (IF140234)
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal (BT/PR6664/NNT/28/628/2012)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- Bergenia ciliata, neuroprotection, SH-SY5Y cells, scopolamine-induced amnesia, cognitive impairment, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging, glutathione, hippocampal neurons
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Amnesia, Animals, Antioxidants, Brain, Butyrylcholinesterase, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Humans, Male, Neurons, Plant Extracts, Scopolamine, Streptozocin, N-Methylaspartate, Rats, Wistar, Neuroprotective Agents, Rats, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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