Cited by 441Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesFlavonoids in Medical ResearchFree Radicals and Antioxidants

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RETRACTED: Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in cancer: ROS-mediated mechanisms

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Slika, Hasan, Mansour, Hadi, Wehbe, Nadine, Nasser, Suzanne A., Iratni, Rabah, Nasrallah, Gheyath, Shaito, Abdullah, Ghaddar, Tarek, Kobeissy, Firas, Eid, Ali H.·2022·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112442

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Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play contradicting roles in cancer incidence and progression. Antioxidants have attracted attention as emerging therapeutic agents. Among these are flavonoids, which are natural polyphenols with established anticancer and antioxidant capacities. Increasing evidence shows that flavonoids can inhibit carcinogenesis via suppressing ROS levels. Surprisingly, flavonoids can also trigger excessive oxidative stress, but this can also induce death of malignant cells. In this review, we explore the inherent characteristics that contribute to the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids, and we dissect the scenarios in which they play the contrasting role as pro-oxidants. Furthermore, we elaborate on the pathways that link flavonoid-mediated modulation of ROS to the prevention and treatment of cancer. Special attention is given to the ROS-mediated anticancer functions that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), hesperetin, naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin evoke in various cancers. We also delve into the structure-function relations that make flavonoids potent antioxidants. This review provides a detailed perspective that can be utilized in future experiments or trials that aim at utilizing flavonoids or verifying their efficacy for developing new pharmacologic agents. We support the argument that flavonoids are attractive candidates for cancer therapy.

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Authors: Slika, H., Mansour, H., Wehbe, N., Nasser, S. A., Iratni, R., Nasrallah, G., Shaito, A., Ghaddar, T., Kobeissy, F., & Eid, A. H.
Affiliations: American University of Beirut (LB)
Beirut Arab University (LB)
United Arab Emirates University (AE)
Qatar University (QA)
Corresponding author: Eid, Ali H.
ORCID: Slika, Hasan
Nasser, Suzanne A.
Iratni, Rabah
Nasrallah, Gheyath
Shaito, Abdullah
Ghaddar, Tarek
Kobeissy, Firas
Eid, Ali H.
Venue: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2022-02
Volume: 146
Pages: 112442
ISSN: 0753-3322 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112442
OpenAlex: W4206071092
Cited by: 441
References: 176
Citations by year: 2026: 65 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 39
FWCI: 49.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Status: Retracted
Update notices: retraction (2022-02-01)
erratum (2026-06-03)
erratum (2026-07-01)
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Flavonoids in Medical Research
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Keywords: flavonoids, reactive oxygen species, cancer, antioxidants, oxidative stress, pro-oxidant activity, anticancer mechanism, epigallocatechin gallate, hesperetin, naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, structure-function relationship, carcinogenesis
MeSH terms: Antioxidants, Carcinogens, Flavonoids, Humans, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species

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