The DOI matches its Crossref record; 162 of the 166 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Dopamine Transporter and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
The high incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and escalating use of ADHD medications present a compelling case for clarifying the pathophysiology of, and developing laboratory or radiologic tests for, ADHD. Currently, the majority of specific genes implicated in ADHD encode components of catecholamine signaling systems. Of these, the dopamine transporter (DAT) is a principal target of the most widely used antihyperactivity medications (amphetamine and methylphenidate); the DAT gene is associated with ADHD, and some studies have detected abnormal levels of the DAT in brain striatum of ADHD subjects. Medications for ADHD interfere with dopamine transport by brain-region- and drug-specific mechanisms, indirectly activating dopamine- and possibly norepinephrine-receptor subtypes that are implicated in enhancing attention and experiential salience. The most commonly used DAT-selective ADHD medications raise extracellular dopamine levels in DAT-rich brain regions. In brain regions expressing both the DAT and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), the relative contributions of dopamine and norepinephrine to ADHD pathophysiology and therapeutic response are obfuscated by the capacity of the NET to clear dopamine as well as norepinephrine. Thus, ADHD medications targeting DAT or NET might disperse dopamine widely and consign dopamine storage and release to regulation by noradrenergic, as well as dopaminergic neurons.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Levels of tonic and phasic DA have also been found to be lower in individuals with ADHD [453,496] whereas the density of DATs, which downregulate DA activity, is higher in ADHD [448,449].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [496]
Citations
Cites
Bymaster, F. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(02)00346-9 · Cited by 1,123
Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Goldman, L. S. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.14.1100 · Cited by 1,082
Association of attention-deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene.
Cook, E. H., Stein, M. A., Krasowski, M. D., Cox, N. J., Olkon, D. M., Kieffer, J. E., & LEVENTHAL, B. L. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 995
Trace amines: Identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors
Borowsky, B., Adham, N., JONES, K. A., Raddatz, R., Artymyshyn, R. P., Ogozalek, K. L., Durkin, M. M., Lakhlani, P. P., Bonini, J. A., Pathirana, S. M., et al. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.151105198 · Cited by 912
Wilens, T. E., Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., & Gunawardene, S. (2003) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.111.1.179 · Cited by 872
Pharmacotherapy of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder across the Life Cycle
SPENCER, T., BIEDERMAN, J., WILENS, T., HARDING, M., O'DONNELL, D., & GRIFFIN, S. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199604000-00008 · Cited by 830
Dopamine transporter density in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Dougherty, D. D., Bonab, A. A., Spencer, T. J., Rauch, S. L., Madras, B. K., & Fischman, A. J. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04030-1 · Cited by 684
Self-citationMorón, J. A., Brockington, A., Wise, R. A., Rocha, B. A., & Hope, B. T. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-02-00389.2002 · Cited by 681
Michelson, D., Faries, D., Wernicke, J., Kelsey, D., Kendrick, K., Sallee, F. R., Spencer, T., & the Atomoxetine ADHD Study Group (2001) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.108.5.e83 · Cited by 666
Bunzow, J. R., Sonders, M. S., Arttamangkul, S., Harrison, L. M., Zhang, G., Quigley, D. I., Darland, T., Suchland, K. L., Pasumamula, S., Kennedy, J. L., et al. (2001) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.60.6.1181 · Cited by 651
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Barkley, 2001, vol. 9
- Brown, 2001, Regulation of the vesicular monoamine transporter-2, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 296, 762
- DiMaio, 2003, Dopamine genes and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, J Psychiatry Neurosci, 28, 27
- Galili-Weisstub, 2003, Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci, 40, 57
- Goulet, 2000, Chronic methylphenidate treatment suppresses activity in more active juvenile monkeys and induces sleep disturbances, Soc Neurosci Abstracts, 26, 2177
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dopamine: Functions, Signaling, and Association with Neurological Diseases
Klein, M. O., Battagello, D. S., Cardoso, A. R., Hauser, D. N., Bittencourt, J. C., & Correa, R. G. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-018-0632-3 · Cited by 1,073
Tripp, G., & Wickens, J. R. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.026 · Cited by 492
Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Rutter, M. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00002.x · Cited by 389
Sonuga‐Barke, E. J. S., & Halperin, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02195.x · Cited by 320
Dichter, G. S., Damiano, C. A., & Allen, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/1866-1955-4-19 · Cited by 299
Metadata
- Authors
- Madras, B. K., Miller, G. M., & Fischman, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Madras, Bertha K.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1397-1409
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011083427
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 4.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 06303, R01DA011558, K05DA015305, DA15305, DA 11558)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR00 168)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- dopamine transporter, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD pathophysiology, catecholamine signaling, norepinephrine transporter, amphetamine, methylphenidate, striatum, dopamine, norepinephrine, ADHD medication, genetic susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Animals, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mutation, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Genetic Variation, Membrane Transport Proteins, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
