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Neural Correlates of the Use of Psychological Distancing to Regulate Responses to Negative Social Cues: A Study of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background Emotional instability is a defining feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD); yet, little is understood about its underlying neural correlates. One possible contributing factor to emotional instability is a failure to adequately employ adaptive cognitive regulatory strategies such as psychological distancing.Methods To determine whether there are differences in neural dynamics underlying this control strategy between BPD patients and healthy control (HC) subjects, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging signals were acquired as 18 BPD and 16 HC subjects distanced from or simply looked at pictures depicting social interactions. Contrasts in signal between distance and look conditions were compared between groups.Results Borderline personality disorder patients showed a different pattern of activation compared with HC subjects when looking at negative versus neutral pictures. When distancing versus looking at negative pictures, both groups showed decreased negative affect ratings and increased activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, areas near/along the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate/precuneus regions. However, the BPD group showed less BOLD signal change in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and IPS, less deactivation in the amygdala, and greater activation in the superior temporal sulcus and superior frontal gyrus.Conclusions Borderline personality disorder and HC subjects display different neural dynamics while passively viewing social emotional stimuli. In addition, BPD patients do not engage the cognitive control regions to the extent that HCs do when employing a distancing strategy to regulate emotional reactions, which may be a factor contributing to the affective instability of BPD.
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“More studies have attempted to do this recently with work examining reappraisal of phobogenic stimuli in phobic populations (Hermann et al. 2009) or social stimuli in populations characterized by unstable social relationships, such as borderline personality disorder (Koenigsberg et al. 2009).”
From Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies (2014) · cites this paper as Koenigsberg et al. 2009
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“Similarly, the finding of reduced ACC activation in Borderline patients (Koenigsberg et al., 2009) would according to our model be explainable in terms of disconnection of important relay centers connecting salience detection, assessment/judgments and execution.”
From Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation—an ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis (2014) · cites this paper as Koenigsberg et al., 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Koenigsberg, H. W., Fan, J., Ochsner, K. N., Liu, X., Guise, K. G., Pizzarello, S., Dorantes, C., Guerreri, S., Tecuta, L., Goodman, M., New, A., & Siever, L. J.
- Affiliations
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Florida State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Koenigsberg, Harold W.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 854-863
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2821188
- OpenAlex
- W2067298445
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 19.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076137, R01MH077813, MH076137)
- National Center for Research Resources (5MO1 RR00071, M01RR000071)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD069178)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, psychological distancing, emotion regulation, neuroticism, neural correlates, cognitive control, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, intraparietal sulcus, amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal sulcus
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Borderline Personality Disorder, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Psychological Distance, Social Perception
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