Dissociation in borderline personality disorder: Disturbed cognitive and emotional inhibition and its neural correlates
Abstract
Evidence is heterogeneous regarding whether patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) display disturbed emotional inhibition in the emotional Stroop task. Previous findings suggest that state dissociation may influence cognitive inhibition of task-irrelevant material, particularly with negative content. Our aim was to examine performance in an emotional Stroop task including negative, neutral, and positive words in BPD patients and healthy controls during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In advance, half of the BPD patients underwent a dissociation induction using script-driven imagery. BPD patients without dissociation induction showed behavioural performance comparable to that of healthy controls but displayed stronger neural responses, especially to positive stimuli, in the superior temporal gyrus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. BPD patients with dissociation induction showed overall slower and less accurate responses as well as increased reaction times for negative versus neutral words compared with BPD patients without dissociation induction. Moreover, they showed comparatively decreased neuronal activity in the fusiform gyrus and parietal cortices independent of valence, but elevated activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus in response to negative versus neutral words. In conclusion, experimentally induced dissociation in BPD was associated with inefficient cognitive inhibition, particularly of negative stimuli, in the emotional Stroop task.
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State dissociation among individuals with BPD was associated with a trend toward reduced verbal memory performance compared to performance among individuals with BPD who did not undergo dissociation induction and who performed similarly to healthy controls.
“a trend toward reduced verbal memory performance when compared to performance among individuals with BPD who did not undergo dissociation induction and who performed similarly to healthy controls (Winter et al., 2015).”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Winter et al., 2015
Studies investigating neuropsychological functioning following induction of dissociative states have revealed reduced functioning on measures of executive functioning and verbal memory among BPD patients.
“studies investigating neuropsychological functioning following induction of dissociative states have revealed reduced functioning on measures of executive functioning and verbal memory among BPD patients (Winter et al., 2015)”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Winter et al., 2015
BPD patients that dissociated were more prone to show greater emotional interference.
“Another recent study showed that BPD patients that dissociated were more prone to show greater emotional interference (Winter et al., 2015), although no differences were observed in rACC using a verbal emotional Stroop task.”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Winter et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Winter, D., Krause-Utz, A., Lis, S., Chiu, C.-D., Lanius, R. A., Schriner, F., Bohus, M., & Schmahl, C.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Western University (CA)
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Winter, Dorina
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 233
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 339-351
- ISSN
- 0925-4927 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1946520574
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 8.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, dissociation, emotional Stroop task, cognitive inhibition, emotional inhibition, script-driven imagery, negative words, neural correlates, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, reaction time
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Borderline Personality Disorder, Cognition Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, Emotions, Female, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Reaction Time, Young Adult
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