Cited by 151Circadian rhythm and melatoninStress Responses and CortisolSleep and related disorders

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Morningness-eveningness, habitual sleep-wake variables and cortisol level

Randler, Christoph, Schaal, Steffen·2010·Biological Psychology

DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.04.006

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Abstract

The free cortisol rise immediately after awakening is a distinctive part of the cortisol circadian rhythm. Few studies have focused on the relationship between morningness and cortisol awakening response (CAR). As the suprachiasmatic nucleus may be of major importance for both, one may hypothesise that the CAR should also be associated with morningness. We used saliva samplings and applied questionnaires in adolescents and young adults. Saliva samplings were made at awakening (t1) and 30 min later (t2). Chronotype was measured using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), and habitual time in bed was calculated from habitual rise times and bed times. In both, the adolescent sample and the young adults, positive correlations existed between cortisol measures at t1 immediately after awakening and CSM scores. Using a multivariate model controlling for age group, smoking status and time of t1, we identified CSM scores and bed times as the most relevant variables for CAR. When comparing extreme chronotypes, morning types had higher cortisol levels immediately after awakening than evening types. These results strongly suggest an association between morningness-eveningness and CAR.

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Authors: Randler, C., & Schaal, S.
Affiliations: Heidelberg University of Education (DE)
University of Bamberg (DE)
Corresponding author: Randler, Christoph
ORCID: Randler, Christoph
Schaal, Steffen
Venue: Biological Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 85
Issue: 1
Pages: 14-18
ISSN: 0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.04.006
OpenAlex: W2046394338
Cited by: 150
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 4.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords: chronotype, cortisol awakening response, diurnal cortisol rhythm, suprachiasmatic nucleus, time in bed, adolescents, young adults, salivary cortisol
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Saliva, Sleep, Wakefulness, Young Adult

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Morningness-eveningness, habitual sleep-wake variables and cortisol level

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