The DOI matches its Crossref record; 207 of the 209 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interoception as modeling, allostasis as control
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The brain regulates the body by anticipating its needs and attempting to meet them before they arise – a process called allostasis. Allostasis requires a model of the changing sensory conditions within the body, a process called interoception. In this paper, we examine how interoception may provide performance feedback for allostasis. We suggest studying allostasis in terms of control theory, reviewing control theory’s applications to related issues in physiology, motor control, and decision making. We synthesize these by relating them to the important properties of allostatic regulation as a control problem. We then sketch a novel formalism for how the brain might perform allostatic control of the viscera by analogy to skeletomotor control, including a mathematical view on how interoception acts as performance feedback for allostasis. Finally, we suggest ways to test implications of our hypotheses.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“short-term symptoms are not usually associated with strong priors from implicit expectations”
From Persistent physical symptoms: definition, genesis, and management (2024) · cites this paper as [86]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Functional and structural alterations of the insula (found in several FND neuroimaging studies) might lead to imprecise predictive interoceptive signal modelling and error detection, contributing to inefficiencies in performing allostasis.95,104,112,135”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Therefore, the interoceptive model works in the service of allostasis.95,112”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To perform allostasis efficiently, the system needs to anticipate, sense and integrate signals originating from within the body made available by interoception: the brain's moment-to-moment modelling of the internal physiological state of the body.95,112,[116][117][118]”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Yaşlı Kadınlarda Üreme Sağlığı
Kokanalı, D., & Engin Üstün, Y. (n.d.) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 170,090
Yaşlı Kadınlarda Üreme Sağlığı
Kokanalı, D., & Üstün, Y. E. (2019) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 169,621
(2014) · Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415324.004 · Cited by 23,880
The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory?
Friston, K. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2787 · Cited by 8,120
How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2555 · Cited by 6,657
Koller, D., & Friedman, N. (2009) · The MIT Press eBooks · Cited by 6,653
(2009) · Cited by 6,153
How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006
Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science
Clark, A. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12000477 · Cited by 5,924
Faisal, A. A., Selen, L. P. J., & Wolpert, D. M. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2258 · Cited by 2,883
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Lowet, 2020, Distributional reinforcement learning in the brain, Trends in Neurosciences, 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.004 · DOI
- Stachenfeld, 2017, Hippocampus as predictive map, Nature neuroscience, 28, 391
- Wolpert, D.M., Pearson, K.G., Ghez, C.P. (2013). The organization and planning of movement, in: Principles of neuroscience, 5 ed., pp. 743–767.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–114 of 114
Kang, H., Kim, K.-I., Kim, J., & Kim, H. (2025) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaf051
The Human AffectomePreprint
Schiller, D., Yu, A. N. C., Alia‐Klein, N., Becker, S., Cromwell, H. C., Dolcos, F., Eslinger, P. J., Frewen, P., Kemp, A. H., Pace-Schott, E. F., et al. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9nu32_v1
Feeling the Body Politic: Interoception as a Mechanism of Political ResiliencePreprint
Mohr, M. V., & Manos Tsakiris, A. (2025) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/nbmep_v2
From Linear to Complex: Immune System Dynamics and Health Inequities in a Racialized Society
Goosby, B. J., & Cheadle, J. E. (2025) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-95615-7_23
伊藤, 翔., & Itô, S. (2024) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)
Poststroke Fatigue: An Overlooked Barrier to Functional Recovery
Tiwari, A., Delmas, S., Lodha, N., & Casamento‐Moran, A. (2026) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.125.046895 · Cited by 1
A multiverse analysis of stomach-brain coupling in humansPreprint
Ngo, T. T. T., Hsu, T., & Duncan, N. W. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.22.720086
Ito, S. (2024) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)
Suliman, M., Liu, X., Yu, F., Zhao, D., Zhao, X., Barakat, F., Lv, G., Qi, M., & Li, P. (2026) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-026-01760-9
Clinical Neuroplasticity in Integrative Primary Care
Takahashi, J. B. (2026) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2026.07.010
Pupillometry in mind wandering through the lens of allostasis
Heij, J., & Fell, J. (2026) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn.a.610
Beyond Cortical Signatures: Measurement Gaps Across Theories of Consciousness
Svet, M., & Arachchige, A. S. P. M. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16101087
Socially embedded predictive construction: a model of emotional experience
Grimaldi, R. (2026) · Academia Neuroscience and Brain Research · doi:10.20935/acadneurosci8594
The integrated bioenergetic-interoceptive model of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders
Szendi, I., & Treuer, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1911221
Metadata
- Authors
- Sennesh, E., Theriault, J., Brooks, D., van de Meent, J.-W., Barrett, L. F., & Quigley, K. S.
- Affiliations
- Northeastern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sennesh, Eli
- Venue
- Biological Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 167
- Pages
- 108242
- ISSN
- 0301-0511
- PMC
- PMC9270659
- OpenAlex
- W4200245063
- Semantic Scholar
- cd95cee7cfaf5949d143cbfd28deb54848869602
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 206
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 15
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 356 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Biological Psychology (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1835309)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH113234)
- National Cancer Institute (U01CA193632)
- Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (W911NF-16–1-0191)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- interoception, allostasis, control theory, performance feedback, physiological control, motor control, decision-making, brain modeling
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Humans, Allostasis, Interoception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review