The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 24 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
How to handle anxiety: The effects of reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression strategies on anxious arousal
Open accessAbstract
It has been suggested that reappraisal strategies are more effective than suppression strategies for regulating emotions. Recently, proponents of the acceptance-based behavior therapy movement have further emphasized the importance of acceptance-based emotion regulation techniques. In order to directly compare these different emotion regulation strategies, 202 volunteers were asked to give an impromptu speech in front of a video camera. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The Reappraisal group was instructed to regulate their anxious arousal by reappraising the situation; the Suppression group was asked to suppress their anxious behaviors; and the Acceptance group was instructed to accept their anxiety. As expected, the Suppression group showed a greater increase in heart rate from baseline than the Reappraisal and Acceptance groups. Moreover, the Suppression group reported more anxiety than the Reappraisal group. However, the Acceptance and Suppression groups did not differ in their subjective anxiety response. These results suggest that both reappraising and accepting anxiety is more effective for moderating the physiological arousal than suppressing anxiety. However, reappraising is more effective for moderating the subjective feeling of anxiety than attempts to suppress or accept it. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Claims the paper makes
13 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Own method · 7 Own result · 3 Sources not found · 3 No basis given · 1 Supported so far · 1 Not checked yet
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“We used similar instructions as Gross and colleagues to induce suppression (e.g., Gross & Levenson, 1997), and we replicated their earlier findings, suggesting that our experimental manipulation worked (Gross, 1998, 2002; Gross & Levenson, 1997).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gross & Levenson, 1997 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gross, 1998 source
- Supportedcites Gross, 2002 source
The Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data section (p. 4) describes instructions to hide emotional reactions and reports that suppression decreased disgust-expressive behavior. The citing authors’ statement that replicating earlier findings suggests their own manipulation worked is their inference, not a result attributed to Gross (2002). (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Acceptance and Reappraisal groups did not differ from one another in heart rate changes from baseline (p > .81).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Approximately half of the participants in all three groups (48.52% of the Reappraisal group, 47.76% of the Suppression group, and 58.20% of the Acceptance group) terminated the speech before the 10 minutes elapsed, χ2 (2) = 1.82, p > .4.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Effect on Speech Length and Speech Termination
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three groups did not differ in the length of speeches, F (2, 199) = 1.88, p > .15.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Effect on Speech Length and Speech Termination
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted, however, that the absolute differences between the groups were not very large.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the Suppression group showed a greater increase in heart rate from baseline than the Reappraisal and Acceptance groups.”
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
“Pairwise post-hoc group comparisons (Least Square Difference) in the changes in heart rate from baseline revealed that the Suppression group had a significantly greater increase in heart rate than the Reappraisal group (mean difference: −1.57, SE = .73, p = .03) and the Acceptance group (mean difference: −1.75, SE = .73, p = .02).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“As expected, the Suppression group showed a greater increase in heart rate from baseline than the Reappraisal and Acceptance groups.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the Acceptance and Suppression groups did not differ in their subjective anxiety response.”
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
“No significant differences were observed in STAI changes between the Acceptance and Suppression groups (mean difference: .90, SE = .66, p = .18)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“However, the difference between the Acceptance group and the Suppression group in their subjective anxiety response did not reach statistical significance, despite the sufficiently high test power.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The brief acceptance instructions were strong enough to engage the intended acceptance process.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, the Suppression group reported more anxiety than the Reappraisal group.”
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
“Pairwise post-hoc group comparison (Least Square Difference) in the STAI changes from baseline showed that the Suppression group reported more anxiety than the Reappraisal group (mean difference: −1.77, SE = .67, p = .008).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Moreover, the Suppression group reported more anxiety than the Reappraisal group.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant differences were observed in STAI changes between the Acceptance and Suppression groups (mean difference: .90, SE = .66, p = .18), or between the Acceptance and Reappraisal groups (mean difference: .88, SE = .66, p = .19).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The brief acceptance instructions were strong enough to engage the intended acceptance process.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, overall, reappraisal was the most effective strategy for regulating anxious arousal in the present study.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The brief acceptance instructions were strong enough to engage the intended acceptance process.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
- It may state two separate claims as one. 16
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the three groups showed a small, but statistically significant difference in the STAI scores at baseline, F (2, 193) = 3.06, p = .049, partial η2 = 0.03. Pairwise post-hoc group comparisons (Least Square Difference) showed that the Acceptance group had slightly higher STAI scores at baseline than the Reappraisal group (mean difference: −1.39, SE = .65, p = .034) and the Suppression group”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Randomization
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Based on Gross’ model of emotional processing (Gross, 1998), reappraisal may be considered an antecedent-focused strategy, whereas suppression and possibly acceptance (Hofmann & Asmundson, 2008) may be seen as response-focused strategies.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It has been suggested that antecedent-focused strategies are more effective and less effortful than response-focused strategies because the emotional response can be regulated before it has risen to an overwhelming peak (John & Gross, 2004).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites John & Gross, 2004 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Eifert and Heffner (2003) compared the effects of acceptance versus control strategies on the avoidance of panic-relevant interceptive stimulation, elicited by carbon dioxide enriched air. The authors reported that participants assigned to the acceptance condition reported less intense fear and fewer catastrophic thoughts as compared to participants in the control or non-instruction condition.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Eifert and Heffner (2003) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the present study expands the emerging research on emotion regulation, the study is by no means a fair test of acceptance-based treatment strategies, cognitive reappraisal techniques, or of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The SIAS is a measure of general level of social anxiety with good psychometric properties (Heimberg, Mueller, Holt, Hope, & Liebowitz, 1992).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Method > Self-Report Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Heimberg, Mueller, Holt, Hope, & Liebowitz, 1992 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Campbell-Sills, Barlow, Brown, and Hofmann (2006b) investigated perceived acceptability and suppression of negative emotion in participants with anxiety and mood disorders. Participants were instructed to either suppress or accept their emotional response to an emotion-provoking film. The results showed that participants in the acceptance condition showed less negative affect during the post-film”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Campbell-Sills, Barlow, Brown, and Hofmann (2006b)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The instrument shows excellent psychometric properties (Marteau & Bekker, 1992).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Method > Self-Report Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Marteau & Bekker, 1992 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So far, very few laboratory studies have been conducted examining the effects of acceptance-based emotion regulation strategies, and no study to date has directly compared reappraisal and acceptance-based strategies.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result of the deviation from Gross’ reappraisal instructions, the speech task might have been less threatening to participants in the reappraisal condition than in the suppression condition.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our study is the first to directly compare reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression strategies for regulating anxiety.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As noted earlier, acceptance is only one of six processes in ACT, and reappraisal is only one of the many treatment components of CBT.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hayes, Strohsahl, & Wilson, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups by receiving one of three instructions orally and in written form.”
- Also stated in: § Randomization · plain
“Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups (Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Method > Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Randomization · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group comparisons in the SIAS and PANAS suggest that these effects are unlikely due to differences in trait levels of social anxiety or general affect.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The PANAS consists of two subscales measuring positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) and is a widely used instrument with good reliability and validity (Mackinnon et al., 1999; Watson et al., 1988).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Method > Self-Report Measures
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In contrast to previous studies (Campbell-Sills et al., 2006a,b), the acceptance instructions were relatively brief, without the use of any metaphors and imagery.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Campbell-Sills et al., 2006a,b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“For example, cognitive reappraisal strategies reduce the stress response and increase tolerance for emotional stimuli, without any detrimental effects (Gross, 1998; Richards & Gross, 2000).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted, however, that acceptance could also be regarded as an antecedent-focused strategy in the sense that it changes the interpretation of the emotion-eliciting stimulus and its meaning.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three groups were comparable in the positive affect, F (2, 191) = 2.04, p > .13, and the negative affect, F (2, 191) = .48, p > .6, subscales of the PANAS, and the SIAS, F (2, 193) = .30, p > .7.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Randomization
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These results support earlier research suggesting that suppressing emotions leads to a paradoxical increase in the unwanted emotional experience, whereas reappraisal is an effective method to moderate subjective and physiological arousal (Campbell-Sills et al., 2006a,b; Gross, 1998; Gross & Levenson, 1997).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted, however, that this study only examined the short-term effects of these emotion regulation strategies in a nonclinical sample.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The acceptance strategy was as effective as the reappraisal strategy for regulating physiological arousal, but not more effective than the suppression strategy for reducing the subjective level of anxiety.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The brief acceptance instructions were strong enough to engage the intended acceptance process.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
The paper relies on this without support.
Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
“Another weakness was the lack of a manipulation check.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The brief acceptance instructions were strong enough to engage the intended acceptance process.
“Particularly challenging was the acceptance instructions. In contrast to previous studies (Campbell-Sills et al., 2006a,b), the acceptance instructions were relatively brief, without the use of any metaphors and imagery.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
“It is possible that the differences might have been more pronounced if we had induced greater anticipatory anxiety by making the speech task more challenging.”
Claims other papers make about this one
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In the citing paper
“Previous research could show that acceptance led to reduced subjective distress (e.g., [13,24]) as well as to a reduction of the associated psychophysiological response [24].”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The impact of acceptance on affect is comparable to the impact of reappraisal, but further effects of accepting emotions seem to be less extensive in comparison to strategies of reappraisal or suppression (e.g., [13])”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Acceptance (vs.control, suppression, or no instruction) has generally been associated with improved anxiety-related outcomes including lower state anxiety, desired avoidance (Campbell-Sills et al., 2006;Levitt et al., 2004), and physiological arousal (Hofmann et al., 2009) in response to stressor tasks.”
From Evaluating Mechanisms: Mapping Weekly Dynamics between Experiential Avoidance and SAD Symptoms (2021) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sympathetic activation was found to be reduced by suppression in comparison to non-suppression (but see [11]), but seems to be less effective in sympathetic downregulation than other ER strategies (e.g., [12,13]).”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“First of all, the sample size is quite small compared to other studies (e.g., [10,11,13]).”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, the long-term effects of emotional acceptance are unclear [16, 17].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, a randomised control trial comparing the effectiveness of suppression, reappraisal and acceptance on anxious arousal suggested that both reappraising and accepting anxiety are more effective for moderating physiological arousal than suppressing anxiety (Hofmann et al., 2009).”
From Exploring anxiety, uncertainty perception, treatment experiences and coping strategies: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. (2025) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2009
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- ConsistentF(2, 191) = 2.04reported p > .13 · recomputed p = .133
“F (2, 191) = 2.04, p > .13”
- ConsistentF(2, 191) = 0.48reported p > .6 · recomputed p = .620
“F (2, 191) = .48, p > .6”
- ConsistentF(2, 193) = 0.3reported p > .7 · recomputed p = .741
“F (2, 193) = .30, p > .7”
- ConsistentF(2, 193) = 3.06reported p = .049 · recomputed p = .049
“F (2, 193) = 3.06, p = .049”
- ConsistentF(2, 193) = 2.13reported p = .12 · recomputed p = .122
“F (2, 193) = 2.13, p = .12”
- ConsistentF(4, 187) = 158.89reported p < .0001 · recomputed p < .001
“F (4, 187) = 158.89, p < .0001”
- ConsistentF(2, 190) = 3.46reported p = .033 · recomputed p = .033
“F (2, 190) = 3.46, p = .033”
- ConsistentF(2, 190) = 3.56reported p = .03 · recomputed p = .030
“F (2, 190) = 3.56, p = .03”
- ConsistentF(2, 199) = 1.88reported p > .15 · recomputed p = .155
“F (2, 199) = 1.88, p > .15”
- Consistentχ²(2) = 1.82reported p > .4 · recomputed p = .403
“χ2 (2) = 1.82, p > .4”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Citations
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Trentini, E., & Dan‐Glauser, E. (2023) · Methods in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.metip.2023.100112 · Cited by 6
Philippot, P., Vrielynck, N., & Muller, V. (2010) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.04.003 · Cited by 8
Kim, H. T., & Hyun, M. (2019) · Korean Journal of Stress Research · doi:10.17547/kjsr.2019.27.4.337 · Cited by 5
“많은 연구에서 인지적 재평가를 많이 사용하면 부정 정서가 감소하고 삶의 만족도는 증가한다 는 것이 밝혀졌다(Mauss et al., 2007; Hofmann et al., 2009; Carlson et al., 2012; Gutentag et al., 2017; Ortner et al., 2017).”
Kailanko, S., Wiebe, S., Tasca, G., & Laitila, A. A. (2021) · Journal of Marital & Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12544 · Cited by 5
Bocharov, A. V., Savostyanov, A. N., Tamozhnikov, S. S., Proshina, E. A., & Knyazev, G. G. (2022) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119722010030 · Cited by 5
“Studies also show that using cognitive reappraisal strategy to suppress negative information was more efficient as compared with the strategy of expressive suppression [38].”
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“Interestingly, Hofmann et al. (2009) stated that following the evaluations from the questionnaires used, it was doubtful the observed effects of emotion regulation techniques were the result of differences in trait social anxiety.”
BackgroundNowak, U., Wittkamp, M. F., Clamor, A., & Lincoln, T. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626698 · Cited by 8
Emotion–Cognition Interactions in Memory and Decision Making
Speer, M. E., & Delgado, M. R. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119170174.epcn418 · Cited by 5
Neural predictors of eating behavior and dietary changePreprint
Giuliani, N. R., Merchant, J. S., Cosme, D., & Berkman, E. T. (2018) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7t9xd · Cited by 7
Zhu, Y., & Deng, W. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.02.11.23285777 · Cited by 5
Chen, T. T., Ching, B. H., Wu, H. X., & Li, X. Y. (2025) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-025-10041-9 · Cited by 5
“However, not all students perceive academic stress in the same manner; some of them regard it as a chance to confront challenges and enhance their learning (Hofmann et al., 2009).”
Functions of consciousness in emotional processing
Ludwig, D. (2024) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2024.103801 · Cited by 6
Hernández-Gómez, A., & Hervás, G. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221084900 · Cited by 5
“Hofmann et al. (2009) found that acceptance led to a minor increase in HR from baseline compared to suppression group.”
InfluentialBen-Baruch, Y. D., Leibovich, T., & Cohen, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1053381 · Cited by 5
“Similarly, reappraisal was also found to moderate subjective feelings of anxiety during a speech task among healthy individuals (Hofmann et al., 2009), as well as among individuals with math anxiety (Pizzie et al.”
BackgroundExercise and Health Anxiety in Older Women: Exploring the Mediating Role of Anxiety Sensitivity
Nah, K., & Olthuis, J. V. (2023) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2022-0204 · Cited by 5
Nagase, K. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941231214172 · Cited by 5
“…is attracting attention because of its close relationship with mental health and its applicability to psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, especially as successful reappraisal reduces negative emotions (Garnefski et al., 2001; Gross, 1998; Hofmann et al., 2009; McRae et al., 2012).”
Yuan, J., Ding, N., JieMin, Y. A. N. G., & YingYing, L. I. U. (2015) · Scientia Sinica Vitae · doi:10.1360/n052014-00123 · Cited by 4
负性情绪调节的效率: 中国文化背景下认知重评与表达抑制的对比
龙, 泉., 娄, 熠., 杨, 洁., 袁, 加., 丁, 南., & 刘, 莹. (2014) · Scientia Sinica Vitae · doi:10.1360/zc2014-44-6-602 · Cited by 4
Nakamura, H., Sugihara, G., Hara, K., Inaji, M., Noha, M., Takumi, I., Watanabe, M., Takahashi, H., Maehara, T., Yamamoto, H., et al. (2023) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109442 · Cited by 4
Sakakibara, R. (2014) · JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS · doi:10.4092/jsre.22.40 · Cited by 1
The Immediate Impact of App‐Based Psychotherapeutic Exercises on Anxiety: An RCT
Sandkühler, J. F., Sandkühler, J. F., Sadurska, M. Z., Brietbart, P., Greenberg, S., & Brauner, J. (2025) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/da/5586831 · Cited by 6
Mombelli, S., Fasiello, E., Perri, M. D. D., Casoni, F., Zucconi, M., Ferini-Strambi, L., & Galbiati, A. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70267 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, strategies aimed at enhancing emotional regulation skills, such as acceptance-based therapies and cognitive reap-praisal, may help mitigate the impact of emotional dysregulation on sleep and mood disorders (Calkins et al. 2015; Hofmann et al. 2009).”
KECEMASAN TERHADAP BERITA HOAX DITINJAU DARI STRATEGI EMOSI PADA MILLENNIAL MOM
Herwanto, H., & FEBYANI, S. (2015) · JPPP - Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengukuran Psikologi · doi:10.21009/jppp.041.03 · Cited by 3
Liu, J., Wang, X. T., & Zhu, L. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03211-z · Cited by 3
“Cognitive reappraisal could relieve such concerns by enabling individuals to reinterpret the emotional meaning of a situation [121].”
HIV testing intentions and cognitive reappraisal among Latino emerging adults
Ramírez‐Ortiz, D., Sheehan, D. M., Ibañez, G. E., Ibrahimou, B., Rosa, M. R. D. L., & Cano, M. Á. (2020) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2020.1763905 · Cited by 3
“Making a testing decision involves dealing with the potential of an HIV-positive status and the fear of facing negative consequences (Joseph et al., 2011; Lin et al., 2017).”
BackgroundLam, J. C., & Yoon, K. L. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-020-09857-w · Cited by 5
Cortisol interdependence during psychotherapy in major depressive disorder
Levi, E., Peysachov, G., Admon, R., & Zilcha‐Mano, S. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106983 · Cited by 3
Beyin, Bellek ve Sayılar: Diskalkuliye Çok Boyutlu Bir Yaklaşım
Mutlu, Y., & Olkun, S. (2025) · Yaşadıkça Eğitim · doi:10.33308/26674874.2025393958 · Cited by 3
Ceniza, M., & Allan, R. (2020) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480720966525 · Cited by 3
“When negative emotions arise and one attempts to suppress them, a rebound effect is created, which maintains negative emotions and increased physiological arousal (Hofmann et al., 2009).”
BackgroundFernández‐Castillo, A., & Vílchez‐Lara, M. J. (2015) · Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología · doi:10.1016/j.rlp.2015.06.003 · Cited by 3
오은혜, & Cho, Y. (2014) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2014.33.2.007 · Cited by 3
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“, 2009) but also state anxiety (Hofmann et al., 2009), as well as other stress-related emotions such as fear and embarrassment (Hofmann et al.”
BackgroundOikawa, M., Nakano, A., & Tabuchi, R. (2017) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2017.812131 · Cited by 3
The Costs and Benefits of Mindfulness and Reappraisal in Daily LifePreprint
Wenzel, M., Blanke, E. S., Rowland, Z., & Brose, A. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ca7hg · Cited by 3
Emotional anticipation of future vocational transitions: A person-centered approachPreprint
Parmentier, M. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/8mxy5 · Cited by 4
The Immediate Impact of App-Based Psychotherapeutic Exercises on Anxiety: An RCTPreprint
Kahl, F., Sandkühler, J. F., Sadurska, M. Z., Brietbart, P., Greenberg, S., & Brauner, J. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.11.27.23299083 · Cited by 3
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“For example, a randomised control trial comparing the effectiveness of suppression, reappraisal and acceptance on anxious arousal suggested that both reappraising and accepting anxiety are more effective for moderating physiological arousal than suppressing anxiety (Hofmann et al., 2009).”
Acceptance and Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Wilson, K. G., Flynn, M. K., Bordieri, M., Nassar, S., Lucas, N., & Whiteman, K. (2012) · Cognitive Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1002/9781118470886.ch14 · Cited by 2
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“Among the individual predictors of anxiety, researchers have paid much attention to achievement goals and emotion regulation strategies (e.g. Hofmann et al., 2009; Lavasani et al., 2011; Zare et al., 2011).”
Stöckle, D., Barthelmäs, M., & Keller, J. (2026) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-026-10197-7 · Cited by 2
“These tactics have been associated with paradoxical increases in physiological arousal and intrusive thoughts (Hofmann et al., 2009; cf. Daros et al., 2019), as well as increased cognitive load during stressful tasks (Hayes et al., 1996). coding threshold for flow under the applied operationaliza -…”
Zyberaj, J., & Bakaç, C. (2022) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs12120473 · Cited by 6
The ineffective emotion regulation of deaf college students: an ERP study
Dong, Q., Sun, L., & Du, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1445397 · Cited by 3
“Resulting in negative consequences, for example, debilitating effect on intensity of negative emotions (Hofmann et al., 2009), and learning performance (Ben-Eliyahu and Linnenbrink-Garcia, 2015).”
BackgroundZarrinabadi, N., Mehri, M., & Jamalvandi, B. (2024) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2024.2431037 · Cited by 3
“Suppression, on the other hand, has been associated with anxiety, lower self-esteem, and psychological well-being (Gross & John 2003; Hofmann et al. 2009).”
Cognitive Reappraisal as a Potential Mechanism of Unified Protocol for Emotional Disorders
Tang, M., Long, L. J., Torre, M., Spencer-Laitt, D., Moreno-Villamizar, J. D., Barlow, D. H., & Farchione, T. J. (2025) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2025.04.005 · Cited by 2
Effect of affect on social cost bias in social anxiety disorder
Bitran, S., & Hofmann, S. G. (2010) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615801003586846 · Cited by 2
“Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies are commonly observed among the anxiety disorders (Campbell-Sills & Barlow, 2007 ; Hofmann, Heering, Sawyer, & Asnaani, 2009 ).”
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The Interactive Regulation of Negative Emotions by Anticipation and Cognitive Strategies
Jiemin, Y. A. N. G., ZHANG, S., Yuan, J., & Liu, G. (2015) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2015.01312 · Cited by 3
Suhn, Y., Lee, S., & Han, S. (2018) · 감성과학 · doi:10.14695/kjsos.2018.21.3.83 · Cited by 2
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Depression im Alter – Eine Frage der Emotionsregulation
Becker-Hingst, N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-41449-8 · Cited by 1
Mirlohi, S. M. R., Tehran, I., Mohajerin, B., Mirlohi, M. J., & Aref, N. M. (2017) · International Journal of Biomedicine · doi:10.21103/article7(3)_oa6 · Cited by 2
“(24) As to acute consequences of emotional regulation strategies,reappraisal successfully reduces the negative emotion and increased positive affect,but suppression seems to be ineffective,it may decreased positive affect, increased physiological arousal, or memory impairment.(25) In addition, signs of re-evaluation,…”
BackgroundHassan, R., Poole, K. L., Schmidt, L. A., Saigal, S., & Lieshout, R. J. V. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.003 · Cited by 2
Carpenter, J. K., Conroy, K., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108140416.029 · Cited by 5
Self-citationThe Efficacy of a Novel Video Game Intervention (MindLight) in Reducing Children's Anxiety
Tsui, T. (2016) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 2
Humor and Coping in a PandemicPreprint
Bitterly, T. B., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3776994 · Cited by 2
Emotional anticipation of future vocational transitions: A person-centered approachPreprint
Parmentier, M. (2022) · Thesis Commons (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/s9ebk · Cited by 2
Effects of acceptance-based self-instructions on the speech anxiety of undergraduate students
MATSUMOTO, A. (2014) · The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.5926/jjep.62.38 · Cited by 1
“…作用のいずれも認められなかった（F＜1.28;n.s.）。次に 聴衆不安尺度得点については，交互作用が有意であっ た（F(4,54)＝3.36,p＜.05）。単純主効果の検定の結果， 介入条件の効果がポストテスト（F(2,81)＝5.27,p＜.01） とフォローアップ（F(2,81)＝5.53,p＜.01）において有意 であった。多重比 の結果，ポストテストとフォロー アップでは，Ac自己教示群とCo自己教示群の聴衆不 安得点は統制群よりも有意に低かった（p＜.05）。また測 定時期の効果はAc自己教示群（F(2,54)＝8.57,p＜.01）…”
InfluentialEvaluating Mechanisms: Mapping Weekly Dynamics between Experiential Avoidance and SAD Symptoms
Sarfan, L. D., Magee, J. C., & Clerkin, E. M. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-021-09899-8 · Cited by 1
Södermark, M. (2023) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/9789180753692 · Cited by 2
Comparing cognitive coping components: An investigation of treatment outcomes and processes
Wall, A. D., & Lee, E. B. (2025) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100893 · Cited by 1
Does Emotional Working Memory Training Ameliorate Anxiety and Depression? A Meta-Analytic Review
Ou, J., Mou, H., Zhou, T., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16010030 · Cited by 4
“Reappraisal is a cognitive-linguistic strategy aimed at modifying emotional responses by altering thoughts and beliefs about a stimulus or situation [17,18].”
The affective style of politics: Evidence from cross‐country surveys
Nielsen, J. H., & Mønster, D. (2026) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.70094 · Cited by 1
“For example, concealing individuals show enhanced sympathetic activation when giving an impromptu speech compared to adjusting individuals (Hofmann et al., 2009), and exhaust their mental resources comparatively more to other affective styles, due to suppression, resulting in poorer memory…”
The effects of family relationships on vocational college students’ mental health
Du, Y., Ma, J., Fu, M., & Yan, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1711541 · Cited by 1
“A previous study (Hofmann et al., 2009) proved that a reappraisal strategy is more effective than a suppression strategy for emotion regulation.”
Robles, E., Blanco, I., & Vázquez, C. (2026) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-026-02264-y · Cited by 1
“These instructions were adapted from those used in previous studies (Keogh et al., 2005 ; Vowles et al., 2007 ; Hofmann et al., 2009; Diedrich et al., 2014.”
The Relationships Between Executive Function and Positive Reappraisal Abilities in Adulthood
Chang, Y.-C. (2013) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · Cited by 1
The Effects of Acceptance and Cognitive Restructuring on the Reduction of Social Anxiety
Whan, K. K., & Kwon, S. (2015) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2015.34.2.006 · Cited by 1
The Effects of Metacognition and Acceptance on Performance Anxiety
Cho, Y. (2010) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2010.29.4.010 · Cited by 1
노현진, & Cho, Y. (2010) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2010.29.3.009 · Cited by 1
김효영, & Lee, H.-J. (2017) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2017.22.1.006 · Cited by 1
Boland, M., Papa, A., Oliver, E., & del Carlo, R. E. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10002-5 · Cited by 1
“The proposed methods were chosen for the current study because they are shown to be highly effective and powerful inductions for each emotion (Rottenberg et al. 2007; Hofmann et al. 2009).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLee, C., 오은혜, & Cho, Y. (2016) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2016.35.2.002 · Cited by 1
Coping with bullying behavior: The role of Eysenck's personality dimensions and arousability trait
Dodaj, A., Sesar, K., & Šimić, N. (2021) · Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science · doi:10.15640/jpbs.v9n2a6 · Cited by 1
“Previous studies have consistently shown that avoidance strategies lead to an increase in the arousal which has counterproductive effect on stressful situations (Campbell-Sill & Barlow, 2007; Hofmann et al., 2009).”
The Role of Cortisol in Cognitive Emotion Regulation Failure
Tsumura, H. (2023) · Integrated science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15959-6_15 · Cited by 1
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Self-Regulation of Emotions in Relation to Students’ Attitudes Towards School Life
Hrbáčková, K., & Petr Šafránková, A. (2023) · European Journal of Contemporary Education · doi:10.13187/ejced.2023.4.1283 · Cited by 3
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Pearte, C. (2015) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 1
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Ong, C. W., Terry, C. L., & Twohig, M. P. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00010 · Cited by 1
“The efficacy of cognitive restructuring has been well documented for anxiety and depression (e.g., Cristea et al., 2015; Hofmann, Heering, Sawyer, & Asnaani, 2009), but its unique impact on HD symptoms is less clear.”
Bahl, N., & Ouimet, A. J. (2021) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2021.101695 · Cited by 2
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“Further, another study (Hofmann et al., 2009) found that individuals who suppressed their anxious emotions during an impromptu speech exhibited greater increase in heart rate compared to individuals who engaged in reappraisal or acceptance of the emotions.”
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Interpersonal Aggression Perpetration: Static and Emotion Regulation Risk Factors
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Wolgast, M. (2012) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Hofmann, S. G., Heering, S., Sawyer, A. T., & Asnaani, A.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hofmann, Stefan G.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 389-394
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2674518
- OpenAlex
- W2030217702
- Cited by
- 464
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 25.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH078308)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, expressive suppression, anxious arousal, heart rate, subjective anxiety, speaking anxiety, physiological arousal
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety, Arousal, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Middle Aged, Repression, Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Young Adult
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