The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 24 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
How to handle anxiety: The effects of reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression strategies on anxious arousal
Open accessAbstract
It has been suggested that reappraisal strategies are more effective than suppression strategies for regulating emotions. Recently, proponents of the acceptance-based behavior therapy movement have further emphasized the importance of acceptance-based emotion regulation techniques. In order to directly compare these different emotion regulation strategies, 202 volunteers were asked to give an impromptu speech in front of a video camera. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The Reappraisal group was instructed to regulate their anxious arousal by reappraising the situation; the Suppression group was asked to suppress their anxious behaviors; and the Acceptance group was instructed to accept their anxiety. As expected, the Suppression group showed a greater increase in heart rate from baseline than the Reappraisal and Acceptance groups. Moreover, the Suppression group reported more anxiety than the Reappraisal group. However, the Acceptance and Suppression groups did not differ in their subjective anxiety response. These results suggest that both reappraising and accepting anxiety is more effective for moderating the physiological arousal than suppressing anxiety. However, reappraising is more effective for moderating the subjective feeling of anxiety than attempts to suppress or accept it. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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In the paper
“We used similar instructions as Gross and colleagues to induce suppression (e.g., Gross & Levenson, 1997), and we replicated their earlier findings, suggesting that our experimental manipulation worked (Gross, 1998, 2002; Gross & Levenson, 1997).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gross & Levenson, 1997 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gross, 1998 source
- Supportedcites Gross, 2002 source
The Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data section (p. 4) describes instructions to hide emotional reactions and reports that suppression decreased disgust-expressive behavior. The citing authors’ statement that replicating earlier findings suggests their own manipulation worked is their inference, not a result attributed to Gross (2002). (LLM, conf=0.88)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Acceptance and Reappraisal groups did not differ from one another in heart rate changes from baseline (p > .81).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Approximately half of the participants in all three groups (48.52% of the Reappraisal group, 47.76% of the Suppression group, and 58.20% of the Acceptance group) terminated the speech before the 10 minutes elapsed, χ2 (2) = 1.82, p > .4.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Effect on Speech Length and Speech Termination
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three groups did not differ in the length of speeches, F (2, 199) = 1.88, p > .15.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Effect on Speech Length and Speech Termination
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted, however, that the absolute differences between the groups were not very large.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the Suppression group showed a greater increase in heart rate from baseline than the Reappraisal and Acceptance groups.”
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
“Pairwise post-hoc group comparisons (Least Square Difference) in the changes in heart rate from baseline revealed that the Suppression group had a significantly greater increase in heart rate than the Reappraisal group (mean difference: −1.57, SE = .73, p = .03) and the Acceptance group (mean difference: −1.75, SE = .73, p = .02).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“As expected, the Suppression group showed a greater increase in heart rate from baseline than the Reappraisal and Acceptance groups.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the Acceptance and Suppression groups did not differ in their subjective anxiety response.”
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
“No significant differences were observed in STAI changes between the Acceptance and Suppression groups (mean difference: .90, SE = .66, p = .18)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“However, the difference between the Acceptance group and the Suppression group in their subjective anxiety response did not reach statistical significance, despite the sufficiently high test power.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The brief acceptance instructions were strong enough to engage the intended acceptance process.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, the Suppression group reported more anxiety than the Reappraisal group.”
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
“Pairwise post-hoc group comparison (Least Square Difference) in the STAI changes from baseline showed that the Suppression group reported more anxiety than the Reappraisal group (mean difference: −1.77, SE = .67, p = .008).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Moreover, the Suppression group reported more anxiety than the Reappraisal group.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
- Also stated in: § Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant differences were observed in STAI changes between the Acceptance and Suppression groups (mean difference: .90, SE = .66, p = .18), or between the Acceptance and Reappraisal groups (mean difference: .88, SE = .66, p = .19).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Effect of Emotion Regulation on Psychophysiological Arousal
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The brief acceptance instructions were strong enough to engage the intended acceptance process.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, overall, reappraisal was the most effective strategy for regulating anxious arousal in the present study.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The brief acceptance instructions were strong enough to engage the intended acceptance process.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
- It may state two separate claims as one. 16
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the three groups showed a small, but statistically significant difference in the STAI scores at baseline, F (2, 193) = 3.06, p = .049, partial η2 = 0.03. Pairwise post-hoc group comparisons (Least Square Difference) showed that the Acceptance group had slightly higher STAI scores at baseline than the Reappraisal group (mean difference: −1.39, SE = .65, p = .034) and the Suppression group”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Randomization
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Based on Gross’ model of emotional processing (Gross, 1998), reappraisal may be considered an antecedent-focused strategy, whereas suppression and possibly acceptance (Hofmann & Asmundson, 2008) may be seen as response-focused strategies.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It has been suggested that antecedent-focused strategies are more effective and less effortful than response-focused strategies because the emotional response can be regulated before it has risen to an overwhelming peak (John & Gross, 2004).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites John & Gross, 2004 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Eifert and Heffner (2003) compared the effects of acceptance versus control strategies on the avoidance of panic-relevant interceptive stimulation, elicited by carbon dioxide enriched air. The authors reported that participants assigned to the acceptance condition reported less intense fear and fewer catastrophic thoughts as compared to participants in the control or non-instruction condition.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Eifert and Heffner (2003) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the present study expands the emerging research on emotion regulation, the study is by no means a fair test of acceptance-based treatment strategies, cognitive reappraisal techniques, or of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The SIAS is a measure of general level of social anxiety with good psychometric properties (Heimberg, Mueller, Holt, Hope, & Liebowitz, 1992).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Method > Self-Report Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Heimberg, Mueller, Holt, Hope, & Liebowitz, 1992 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Campbell-Sills, Barlow, Brown, and Hofmann (2006b) investigated perceived acceptability and suppression of negative emotion in participants with anxiety and mood disorders. Participants were instructed to either suppress or accept their emotional response to an emotion-provoking film. The results showed that participants in the acceptance condition showed less negative affect during the post-film”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Campbell-Sills, Barlow, Brown, and Hofmann (2006b)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The instrument shows excellent psychometric properties (Marteau & Bekker, 1992).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Method > Self-Report Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Marteau & Bekker, 1992 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So far, very few laboratory studies have been conducted examining the effects of acceptance-based emotion regulation strategies, and no study to date has directly compared reappraisal and acceptance-based strategies.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result of the deviation from Gross’ reappraisal instructions, the speech task might have been less threatening to participants in the reappraisal condition than in the suppression condition.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our study is the first to directly compare reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression strategies for regulating anxiety.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As noted earlier, acceptance is only one of six processes in ACT, and reappraisal is only one of the many treatment components of CBT.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hayes, Strohsahl, & Wilson, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups by receiving one of three instructions orally and in written form.”
- Also stated in: § Randomization · plain
“Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups (Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Method > Procedure
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Randomization · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group comparisons in the SIAS and PANAS suggest that these effects are unlikely due to differences in trait levels of social anxiety or general affect.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The PANAS consists of two subscales measuring positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) and is a widely used instrument with good reliability and validity (Mackinnon et al., 1999; Watson et al., 1988).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Method > Self-Report Measures
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In contrast to previous studies (Campbell-Sills et al., 2006a,b), the acceptance instructions were relatively brief, without the use of any metaphors and imagery.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Campbell-Sills et al., 2006a,b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“For example, cognitive reappraisal strategies reduce the stress response and increase tolerance for emotional stimuli, without any detrimental effects (Gross, 1998; Richards & Gross, 2000).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Abstract
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted, however, that acceptance could also be regarded as an antecedent-focused strategy in the sense that it changes the interpretation of the emotion-eliciting stimulus and its meaning.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three groups were comparable in the positive affect, F (2, 191) = 2.04, p > .13, and the negative affect, F (2, 191) = .48, p > .6, subscales of the PANAS, and the SIAS, F (2, 193) = .30, p > .7.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Results > Randomization
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These results support earlier research suggesting that suppressing emotions leads to a paradoxical increase in the unwanted emotional experience, whereas reappraisal is an effective method to moderate subjective and physiological arousal (Campbell-Sills et al., 2006a,b; Gross, 1998; Gross & Levenson, 1997).”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted, however, that this study only examined the short-term effects of these emotion regulation strategies in a nonclinical sample.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The acceptance strategy was as effective as the reappraisal strategy for regulating physiological arousal, but not more effective than the suppression strategy for reducing the subjective level of anxiety.”
§ How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
- Rests on an assumption: The brief acceptance instructions were strong enough to engage the intended acceptance process.
- Rests on an assumption: The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
The paper relies on this without support.
Participants complied with the emotion regulation instructions they received.
“Another weakness was the lack of a manipulation check.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The brief acceptance instructions were strong enough to engage the intended acceptance process.
“Particularly challenging was the acceptance instructions. In contrast to previous studies (Campbell-Sills et al., 2006a,b), the acceptance instructions were relatively brief, without the use of any metaphors and imagery.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The speech task produced enough anticipatory anxiety to reveal group differences.
“It is possible that the differences might have been more pronounced if we had induced greater anticipatory anxiety by making the speech task more challenging.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Previous research could show that acceptance led to reduced subjective distress (e.g., [13,24]) as well as to a reduction of the associated psychophysiological response [24].”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The impact of acceptance on affect is comparable to the impact of reappraisal, but further effects of accepting emotions seem to be less extensive in comparison to strategies of reappraisal or suppression (e.g., [13])”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Acceptance (vs.control, suppression, or no instruction) has generally been associated with improved anxiety-related outcomes including lower state anxiety, desired avoidance (Campbell-Sills et al., 2006;Levitt et al., 2004), and physiological arousal (Hofmann et al., 2009) in response to stressor tasks.”
From Evaluating Mechanisms: Mapping Weekly Dynamics between Experiential Avoidance and SAD Symptoms (2021) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sympathetic activation was found to be reduced by suppression in comparison to non-suppression (but see [11]), but seems to be less effective in sympathetic downregulation than other ER strategies (e.g., [12,13]).”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“First of all, the sample size is quite small compared to other studies (e.g., [10,11,13]).”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, the long-term effects of emotional acceptance are unclear [16, 17].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, a randomised control trial comparing the effectiveness of suppression, reappraisal and acceptance on anxious arousal suggested that both reappraising and accepting anxiety are more effective for moderating physiological arousal than suppressing anxiety (Hofmann et al., 2009).”
From Exploring anxiety, uncertainty perception, treatment experiences and coping strategies: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. (2025) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2009
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- ConsistentF(2, 191) = 2.04reported p > .13 · recomputed p = .133
“F (2, 191) = 2.04, p > .13”
- ConsistentF(2, 191) = 0.48reported p > .6 · recomputed p = .620
“F (2, 191) = .48, p > .6”
- ConsistentF(2, 193) = 0.3reported p > .7 · recomputed p = .741
“F (2, 193) = .30, p > .7”
- ConsistentF(2, 193) = 3.06reported p = .049 · recomputed p = .049
“F (2, 193) = 3.06, p = .049”
- ConsistentF(2, 193) = 2.13reported p = .12 · recomputed p = .122
“F (2, 193) = 2.13, p = .12”
- ConsistentF(4, 187) = 158.89reported p < .0001 · recomputed p < .001
“F (4, 187) = 158.89, p < .0001”
- ConsistentF(2, 190) = 3.46reported p = .033 · recomputed p = .033
“F (2, 190) = 3.46, p = .033”
- ConsistentF(2, 190) = 3.56reported p = .03 · recomputed p = .030
“F (2, 190) = 3.56, p = .03”
- ConsistentF(2, 199) = 1.88reported p > .15 · recomputed p = .155
“F (2, 199) = 1.88, p > .15”
- Consistentχ²(2) = 1.82reported p > .4 · recomputed p = .403
“χ2 (2) = 1.82, p > .4”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Citations
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
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Chervonsky, E., & Hunt, C. J. (2018) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-018-9440-3 · Cited by 22
“…is associated with a decrease in the subjective experience of negative emotion (e.g. disgust, anxiety, sadness, anger), as well as its behavioural and physiological components (Gross 1998a; Gross and John 2003; Hajcak and Nieuwenhuis 2006; Hofmann et al. 2009; Mauss et al. 2007; Ray et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialChronic Family Stress and Adolescent Health: The Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation
Jones, E. J., Lam, P. H., Hoffer, L. C., Chen, E., & Schreier, H. M. C. (2018) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000624 · Cited by 21
Cristea, I., Matu, S., Tatar, A. S., & David, D. (2013) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2012.725469 · Cited by 18
Cognitive appraisals, objectivity and coping in ambulance workers: a pilot study
Shepherd, L., & Wild, J. (2013) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emermed-2011-200511 · Cited by 18
Development and validation of Japanese version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (J-DERS)
Yamada, K., & Sugie, M. (2013) · JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS · doi:10.4092/jsre.20.86 · Cited by 18
Aldao, A., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.895942 · Cited by 19
Alawadhi, Y. T., Smith, M. R., & King, K. M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23458 · Cited by 20
Cristea, I. A., Valenza, G., Scilingo, E. P., Tâtar, A. S., Gentili, C., & David, D. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.009 · Cited by 23
Cyberbullying: relationship with developmental variables and cyber victimization ▪
Akgül, G., & Artar, M. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.21307/sjcapp-2020-004 · Cited by 17
“The former is associated with positive well-being, more positive emotions, less negative emotions and better interpersonal relationships, whereas the latter is associated with depression, negative mood (38-40), less positive”
BackgroundDing, N., Yang, J., Liu, Y., & Yuan, J. (2015) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-015-4875-7 · Cited by 17
Riem, M. M. E., & Karreman, A. (2019) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.02.003 · Cited by 18
Examining the Role of Implicit Emotional Judgments in Social Anxiety and Experiential Avoidance
Levin, M. E., Haeger, J., & Smith, G. S. (2017) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-016-9583-5 · Cited by 16
Plieger, T., Melchers, M., Vetterlein, A., Görtz, J., Kuhn, S. A. K., Ruppel, M., & Reuter, M. (2017) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.02.006 · Cited by 18
Relationships among stress, experiential avoidance and depression in psychiatric patients
Rueda, B., & Valls, E. (2016) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2016.32 · Cited by 16
In, S., Hur, J., Kim, G., & Lee, J.-H. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02151-2 · Cited by 19
Expressive flexibility and trait anxiety in India and the United States
Strickland, M. G., & Skolnick, A. J. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110049 · Cited by 15
Mother-Daughter Mutual Arousal Escalation and Emotion Regulation in Adolescence
McKone, K. M. P., Woody, M. L., Ladouceur, C. D., & Silk, J. S. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00763-z · Cited by 17
Munandar, V. D., Bross, L. A., Zimmerman, K. N., & Morningstar, M. E. (2020) · Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals · doi:10.1177/2165143420961853 · Cited by 16
“VBI could also be used in conjunction with other validated strategies, such as emotion regulation (Hofmann et al., 2009; Szasz et al., 2011), and to reduce anxiety during job interviews (Gong et al., 2016).”
MethodCraig, S. G., Robillard, C. L., Turner, B. J., & Ames, M. E. (2021) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-021-00320-2 · Cited by 16
Acceptance: A Research Overview and Application of This Core ACT Process in ABA
Bordieri, M. J. (2021) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-021-00575-7 · Cited by 16
Do fibromyalgia patients benefit from cognitive restructuring and acceptance? An experimental study
Kohl, A., Rief, W., & Glombiewski, J. A. (2014) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.06.006 · Cited by 18
The Role of Emotion Regulation in Reducing Emotional Distortions of Duration Perception
Tian, Y., Liu, P., & Huang, X. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00347 · Cited by 16
“Previous studies have found that individual differences in reappraisal and suppression abilities can affect emotion regulation performance (Hofmann et al., 2009; Yuan et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBluett, E. J., Landy, L. L., Twohig, M. P., & Arch, J. J. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.30.2.77 · Cited by 13
Hayes-Skelton, S. A., & Lee, C. S. (2020) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445519850744 · Cited by 13
Ginty, A. T., Oosterhoff, B. J., Young, D. A., & Williams, S. E. (2021) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12528 · Cited by 15
Zhong, H., Li, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, J. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105847 · Cited by 19
Perchtold‐Stefan, C. M., Schertler, M., Paechter, M., Fink, A., Weiss, E. M., & Papousek, I. (2023) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101913 · Cited by 17
QUALITY OF CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION REGARDING SOCIAL ANXIETY
Juretić, J. (2018) · Psychiatria Danubina · doi:10.24869/psyd.2018.441 · Cited by 14
“Studies have shown that it is counterproductive because it actually leads to the paradoxical reinforcement of physiological arousal, and has a very adverse effect (Gross & Levenson 1997, Hofmann et al. 2009, Lynch et al. 2001).”
BackgroundBrief Emotion Regulation Training Facilitates Arousal Control During Sexual Stimuli
van Overveld, M., & Borg, C. (2014) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.948111 · Cited by 13
“…emotions has already been examined extensively and is associated with a wide range of benefits, for example, in relationship satisfaction (Murray, 2005), trading performance (Sokol-Hessner et al., 2008), anxiety and arousal (Hofmann, 2009), as well as in stress (Jamieson, Mendes, & Nock, 2013).”
BackgroundMaternal working memory, emotion regulation, and responsivity to infant distress
Martin, R. C. B., Bridgett, D. J., Mayes, L. C., & Rutherford, H. J. V. (2020) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101202 · Cited by 14
Wadsworth, L. P., & Hayes-Skelton, S. A. (2020) · Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.001 · Cited by 12
The Costs and Benefits of Mindfulness and Reappraisal in Daily Life
Wenzel, M., Blanke, E. S., Rowland, Z., & Brose, A. (2023) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-022-00178-7 · Cited by 22
Segal, O., Sher, H., Aderka, I. M., & Weinbach, N. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104303 · Cited by 13
Wirkner, J., & Brakemeier, E. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1283919 · Cited by 17
“There is abundant evidence that reappraisal strategies are successful in regulating anxiety and negative valence at subjective and physiological levels (Hofmann et al., 2009; Hartley and Phelps, 2010; Hermann et al., 2014).”
BackgroundNittel, C. M., Lamster, F., Rief, W., Kircher, T. T. J., Soll, D., & Mehl, S. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/2043808719868119 · Cited by 15
David, D., Predatu, R., & Maffei, A. (2020) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-020-00077-4 · Cited by 16
“Previous research consistently showed that this emotion induction procedure is effective in inducing anxiety, thus a valid method to induce such feelings in individuals (Hofmann et al. 2009; Anderson and Hope 2009).”
MethodLisk, S. C., Kadosh, K. C., Zich, C., Haller, S. P., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103760 · Cited by 13
Neural correlates of emotion acceptance and suppression in borderline personality disorder
Fernando, S. C., Beblo, T., Lamers, A., Schlosser, N., Woermann, F. G., Drießen, M., & Toepper, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1066218 · Cited by 16
“By contrast, emotion suppression was shown to have paradoxical effects on physiological arousal in HC along with a subsequent heightened negative affect (11).”
BackgroundFitzpatrick, S., & Kuo, J. R. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.004 · Cited by 17
Animal abuse as an outcome of poor emotion regulation: A preliminary conceptualization
Parfitt, C. H., & Alleyne, E. K. A. (2018) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.06.010 · Cited by 13
López‐Pérez, B. (2017) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12265 · Cited by 13
Jaén, I., Díaz‐García, A., Pastor, M. C., & García‐Palacios, A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253509 · Cited by 13
“In this regard, both reappraisal and acceptance have been shown to be effective in decreasing electrodermal activity and heart rate responses [27,32,33].”
BackgroundChristensen, K. A., & Aldao, A. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.015 · Cited by 18
Wang, J., Xu, W., Fu, Z., Yu, W., He, L., Sun, L., He, J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2016) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105316679722 · Cited by 15
“This finding is consistent with other studies showing that emotional suppression is a maladaptive strategy for people with anxiety disorders (Campbell-Sills et al., 2006a, 2006b; Hofmann et al., 2009).”
ResultSelf-citationRowland, D. L., & Kirana, P. (2025) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf012 · Cited by 12
Helbig‐Lang, S., Rusch, S., Rief, W., & Lincoln, T. M. (2015) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12053 · Cited by 11
Han, H., Gan, T., Li, P., Li, Z., Guo, M., & Yao, S. (2014) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/1414-431x20143622 · Cited by 13
“According to Gross’ emotion regulation theory, the cognitive strategy of reappraisal can reduce behavioral and subjective signs of disgust and anxiety (6,7).”
BackgroundMansell, W., Barnes, A., Grant, L., & Sousa, L. M. D. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00996-7 · Cited by 16
“In comparison to those who accept their emotions, persistent use of suppressive or avoidant regulation styles is related to lower life satisfaction (Gross and John 2003; Haga et al. 2007) and increased anxiety related symptoms (CampellSillis et al. 2006; Hofmann et al. 2009).”
BackgroundAutomatic Suppression Reduces Anxiety-Related Overestimation of Time Perception
Yuan, J., Li, L., & Tian, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.537778 · Cited by 13
Emotion Regulation and its Influence on Body-Related Distress in Overweight Women
Svaldi, J., Naumann, E., Trentowska, M., Lackner, H. K., & Tuschen‐Caffier, B. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.028712 · Cited by 12
Reappraising fear: is up-regulation more efficient than down-regulation?
Wiemer, J., Rauner, M., Stegmann, Y., & Pauli, P. (2021) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-021-09871-9 · Cited by 14
Psychological contract breach and mental health: the role of equity sensitivity and self-control
Mensah, J., Amponsah‐Tawiah, K., & Baafi, N. K. A. (2024) · Organization Management Journal · doi:10.1108/omj-11-2022-1679 · Cited by 12
Knowles, K. A., & Tolin, D. (2024) · Child Psychiatry and Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01684-4 · Cited by 16
Asnaani, A., Sawyer, A. T., Aderka, I. M., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.028112 · Cited by 15
“In contrast to some studies (e.g., Dunn et al., 2009), but in line with others (Szasz et al., 2011; Hofmann et al., 2009), our experiment did not include a “no regulation strategy” condition.”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationWiemer, J., & Pauli, P. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.008 · Cited by 11
Zhang, J., Lipp, O. V., & Hu, P. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00614 · Cited by 13
“Heart rate, which is an index of joint sympathetic and parasympathetic activation, would increase for anger induction and is sensitive to emotional valence (Campbellsills et al., 2006; Hofmann et al., 2009; Herrero et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMindfulness and Acceptance: The Perspective of Cognitive Therapy
Hofmann, S. G., Glombiewski, J. A., Asnaani, A., & Sawyer, A. T. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118001851.ch11 · Cited by 12
Self-citationSpencer, S. D., Buchanan, J. A., & Masuda, A. (2020) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445519854321 · Cited by 10
Godbee, M., & Kangas, M. (2022) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1985472 · Cited by 10
“Acceptance has been found to be as effective as reappraisal in reducing autonomic indicators of distress in social anxiety (Cristea et al., 2014), although it was not as effective as reappraisal in reducing subjective reports of distress (Hofmann et al., 2009).”
BackgroundDecoding acceptance and reappraisal strategies from resting state macro networks
Ghomroudi, P. A., Šiugždaitė, R., Messina, I., & Grecucci, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68490-9 · Cited by 13
Duygu Düzenlemeye Güncel Bir Bakış: Bağlamsal Faktörler
Bintaş-Zörer, P., & Yorulmaz, O. (2022) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar · doi:10.18863/pgy.972675 · Cited by 9
«Mental control» from a third-wave behavior therapy perspective
Barraca, J. (2012) · Depósito Digital e-UCJC · Cited by 11
Casier, A., Goubert, L., Vervoort, T., Theunis, M., Huse, D., Baets, F. D., Matthys, D., & Crombez, G. (2013) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2013/276923 · Cited by 10
“The current findings are also not consistent with research in nonclinical samples showing that higher acceptance is related to less negative emotions (eg, stress, negative affect) during negative emotional experiences (23,24).”
BackgroundResultRadin, R. M., Epel, E. S., Mason, A. E., Vaccaro, J., Fromer, E., Guan, J., & Prather, A. A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280808 · Cited by 10
Brain Activation and Functional Connectivity of Reappraisal and Acceptance for Anxious Events
Tsujimoto, M., Matsuzaki, Y., Yamaya, N., & Kawashima, R. (2023) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0033-23.2023 · Cited by 8
Postgraduate Chinese EFL learners’ emotional vulnerability displays and regulation strategies
Derakhshan, A., & Bai, B. (2025) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2025.103605 · Cited by 9
Akkuş, K., & Sütcü, S. T. (2022) · Erciyes Akademi · doi:10.48070/erciyesakademi.1159202 · Cited by 9
Short, N. A., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.11.001 · Cited by 9
“Consistent with other impromptu speech studies (e.g., Hofmann et al., 2009), participants were told the research assistant would be evaluating their performance, and that a video recording of their speech would be evaluated by a panel of experts.”
ResultGu, H., Xia, T., & Wang, L. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02213-5 · Cited by 9
Ding, J., & Ning, L. Y. U. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03358-7 · Cited by 14
“Some researchers contend that ES not only is incapable of reducing negative emotional experiences but also increases the intensity of the experienced emotions because of its imposed cognitive load (Gross, 2002; Gross & Thompson, 2007; Hofmann et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2016; Schraub et al., 2013).”
BackgroundClen, S. L., Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118528563.wbcbt05 · Cited by 10
“Researchers have also manipulated cognitive appraisal in the laboratory and have found distress-reducing benefits from preemptively instructing nonclinical participants to appraise aversive stimuli (Gross, 1998a) or aversive tasks (Hofmann et al., 2009) in a manner designed to promote personal detachment or objectivit…”
BackgroundTorn again: Repeated experiences of ambivalence motivate effortful problem-focused copingPreprint
Pauer, S., Rutjens, B. T., & van Harreveld, F. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/de8qm · Cited by 8
Acceptance in Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapies: Different or the Same?
Wild, K. J., Macavei, B., & Podea, D. M. (2017) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-016-0250-2 · Cited by 8
Zhu, Y., & Deng, W. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282220 · Cited by 15
Role of emotional control on anxiety and stress among cancer patients
Łuczyk, R. J., Sikora, K., Bodio, A., Łuczyk, M., Baryła‐Matejczuk, M., Wawryniuk, A., Sawicka, K., & Zwolak, A. (2024) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.70162 · Cited by 8
“34 On the other hand, research has shown 35 that suppression strategies for regulating anxiety arousal are the least effective of the three established strategies (as compared to reappraisal, acceptance).”
BackgroundOut of the dark – Psychological perspectives on people's fascination with true crime
Perchtold‐Stefan, C. M., Rominger, C., Ceh, S. M., Sattler, K., Veit, S., & Fink, A. (2025) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.70038 · Cited by 16
“…and acceptance are believed to be favourable strategies for reducing physiological arousal, decreasing negative and increasing positive affect (Hofmann et al., 2009; Troy et al., 2018; Wolgast et al., 2011), their link to true crime motives may suggest that true crime content may be used for…”
What are constructive anxiety levels in wilderness therapy? An exploratory pilot study
Gabrielsen, L. E., Harper, N. J., & Fernee, C. R. (2019) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.08.007 · Cited by 10
Santos, A. C., Arriaga, P., & Simões, C. (2021) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108089 · Cited by 8
Plaisted, H., Waite, P., & Creswell, C. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103997 · Cited by 10
Castro, R. M., Dueñas, C. P., & Cassaretto, M. (2022) · Ansiedad y Estrés · doi:10.5093/anyes2022a14 · Cited by 8
“…con los niveles de ansiedad indican que la estrategia de reapraissal es más eficaz que la de supresión (Breen y Kashdan, 2011; Goldin et al., 2008; Hofmann et al., 2009), por lo que hipotetizamos una correlación negativa entre los niveles de ansiedad experimentados y la estrategia de reapraissal…”
BackgroundGoulter, N., Balanji, S., Davis, B. A., et al. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/3vmrj · Cited by 8
Chang, Y.-C., Rubey, R. L., & Ladd, B. O. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104527 · Cited by 8
The Interplay of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Strategies in College Students
Li, Y., Yu, Y., Duan, Y., Shao, Y., & Zhu, L. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10527-4 · Cited by 8
“Previous studies on intrapersonal ER have confirmed several widely used strategies including cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, acceptance, rumination, avoidance, and problem solving (Aldao et al., 2010; Hofmann et al., 2009).”
Religious and non-religious predictors of life satisfaction in a sample of American college students
Chesser, S., Swanson, S. B., Garey, E., & Hood, R. W. (2018) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2018.1504905 · Cited by 13
“A specific emotion regulation strategy-cognitive reappraisal-is linked to healthier patterns of affect, social functioning, and well-being (Gross & John, 2003; Hofmann et al., 2009; John & Gross, 2004).”
BackgroundPlate, A. J., Dunn, E., Christensen, K. A., & Aldao, A. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10099-z · Cited by 7
Predatu, R., David, D., David, D. O., & Maffei, A. (2020) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2020.1867717 · Cited by 7
“…emotional response in laboratory-based contexts, using various emotion-induction paradigms/tasks, such as an impromptu speech task, a social interaction task, an autobiographical recall task, and other tasks used to induce emotions in a laboratory setting (Hofmann et al., 2009; Tan et al., 2012).”
Do executive functions buffer against COVID-19 stress?
Ng, T. L. Y., Majeed, N. M., Lua, V. Y. Q., & Hartanto, A. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04652-8 · Cited by 7
“For instance, instead of viewing stay-at-home measures as man - datory lockdowns, one could instead view them as opportu - nities to spend time with family at home, thereby minimizing the stress and anxiety faced in response (Hofmann, 2009; Xu et al., 2020 ).”
Heinz, K., Heidenreich, T., Wenhold, F., & Brand, R. (2011) · Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie · doi:10.1026/1612-5010/a000056 · Cited by 8
HUBUNGAN REGULASI EMOSI DAN KECEMASAN PADA PETUGAS PENYIDIK POLRI DAN PENYIDIK PNS
Mayangsari, E. D., & Ranakusuma, O. I. (2015) · Journal Psikogenesis · doi:10.24854/jps.v3i1.53 · Cited by 7
Vocalizations as indicators of emotional states in rats and cats
Brudzyński, S. M. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199583560.003.0005 · Cited by 7
Osgood, J. M., Yates, H. K., Holzinger, J. B., & Quartana, P. J. (2023) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2023.2250709 · Cited by 6
“Reappraisal has been associated with less depression (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006; Gross & John, 2003; Kashdan et al., 2006) and decreased anxiety symptoms (Eftekhari et al., 2009; Goldin et al., 2009; Gross & John, 2003; Hofmann et al., 2009; Troy et al., 2010).”
Kaplan, G., Mikulincer, M., Ginzburg, K., Ohry, A., & Solomon, Z. (2023) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2023.2296935 · Cited by 8
“A large body of work throughout the years suggested that the tendency to use reappraisal is associated with decreased depression and anxiety (e.g., Gross, 1998a; Gross & John, 2003; Hofmann et al., 2009).”
BackgroundKitamura, H., Strodl, E. S., Johnston, P., & Johnson, L. R. (2022) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14048 · Cited by 7
Social Anxiety, Beliefs About Expressing Emotions and Experiencing Positive Emotions
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Sakakibara, R. (2014) · JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS · doi:10.4092/jsre.22.1_40 · Cited by 10
Trait negative affect moderates the effects of expressive versus experiential emotion suppression
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“…evidence from between-subjects experiments demonstrating that expressive suppression is not as effective as reappraisal in modulating emotion (e.g., Hofmann et al., 2009; Kalokerinos et al., 2015; cf. Butler et al., 2003; Ehring et al., 2010; Rohrmann et al., 2009) and leaves emotional experience…”
Metadata
- Authors
- Hofmann, S. G., Heering, S., Sawyer, A. T., & Asnaani, A.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hofmann, Stefan G.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 389-394
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2674518
- OpenAlex
- W2030217702
- Cited by
- 464
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 25.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH078308)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, expressive suppression, anxious arousal, heart rate, subjective anxiety, speaking anxiety, physiological arousal
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety, Arousal, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Middle Aged, Repression, Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Young Adult
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