Cited by 169Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and Assessments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The process of change in cognitive therapy for depression: predictors of early inter-session symptom gains.

Open access

Strunk, Daniel R., Brotman, Melissa A., DeRubeis, Robert J.·2010·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.011PMC PMC2878902

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Although cognitive therapy for depression is an efficacious treatment, questions about the aspects of the therapy that are most critical to successful implementation remain. In a sample of 60 cognitive therapy patients with moderate to severe depression, we examined three aspects of therapists' adherence to cognitive therapy techniques, the patients' facilitation or inhibition of these techniques, and the therapeutic alliance as predictors of session-to-session symptom improvement across the first five therapy sessions. Two elements of therapist adherence (viz., cognitive methods and negotiating content/structuring sessions) emerged as the strongest predictors of symptom improvement. Patient facilitation or inhibition of therapist adherence also predicted subsequent symptom change. Neither adherence to behavioral methods/homework nor the therapeutic alliance was a significant predictor in parallel analyses. Although alliance scores did not predict subsequent symptom change, they were significantly predicted by prior symptom change. These findings support the model of change that motivates cognitive therapy for depression, and they highlight the potential role of patient facilitation of therapists' adherence in treatment response.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.011

Cites

59 of 59 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

A rating scale for depression
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
SAS System for Mixed Models
Littell, R. C. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,345
Cognitive Therapy for Depression
(2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e675542012-001 · Cited by 9,678
Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.
Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.4.3.272 · Cited by 9,587
Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research.
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770
Untitled work
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245
The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance.
Bordin, E. S. (1979) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice · doi:10.1037/h0085885 · Cited by 5,238
Depression. Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects.
(1968) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-68-2-502 · Cited by 5,233
Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders
Jaffe, B. (1977) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(77)71107-7 · Cited by 4,730
Development and validation of the working alliance inventory
Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1989) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0167.36.2.223 · Cited by 3,520

Show all 54 references

Sorted by citations

The alliance in adult psychotherapy: A meta-analytic synthesis
Flückiger, C., Del Re, A. C., Wampold, B. E., & Horvath, A. O. (2018) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000172 · Cited by 1,763
Therapist adherence/competence and treatment outcome: A meta-analytic review.
Webb, C. A., DeRubeis, R. J., & Barber, J. P. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018912 · Cited by 657
Self-citation
How central is the alliance in psychotherapy? A multilevel longitudinal meta-analysis.
Flückiger, C., Del Re, A. C., Wampold, B. E., Symonds, D., & Horvath, A. O. (2012) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025749 · Cited by 576
Therapist effects in the therapeutic alliance–outcome relationship: A restricted-maximum likelihood meta-analysis
Del Re, A. C., Flückiger, C., Horvath, A. O., Symonds, D., & Wampold, B. E. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.07.002 · Cited by 397
Is the alliance really therapeutic? Revisiting this question in light of recent methodological advances.
Zilcha-Mano, S. (2017) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0040435 · Cited by 303
Therapeutic alliance predicts symptomatic improvement session by session.
Falkenström, F., Granström, F., & Holmqvist, R. (2013) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032258 · Cited by 296
Cognitive change predicts symptom reduction with cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Kleim, B., Grey, N., Wild, J., Nussbeck, F. W., Stott, R., Hackmann, A., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031290 · Cited by 235
Contemporary cognitive behavior therapy: A review of theory, history, and evidence
Thoma, N., Pilecki, B., & McKay, D. (2015) · Psychodynamic Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/pdps.2015.43.3.423 · Cited by 197
It’s complicated: the relation between cognitive change procedures, cognitive change, and symptom change in cognitive therapy for depression.
Lorenzo-Luaces, L., German, R. E., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.12.003 · Cited by 190
The reciprocal relationship between alliance and early treatment symptoms: A two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis
Flückiger, C., Rubel, J., Del Re, A. C., Horvath, A. O., Wampold, B. E., Crits-Christoph, P., Atzil-Slonim, D., Compare, A., Falkenström, F., Ekeblad, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000594 · Cited by 180
Treatment adherence: The importance of therapist flexibility in relation to therapy outcomes.
Owen, J., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035753 · Cited by 177
The relationship between the therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome in two distinct psychotherapies for chronic depression.
Arnow, B. A., Steidtmann, D. K., Blasey, C. M., Manber, R., Constantino, M. J., Klein, D. N., Markowitz, J. C., ROTHBAUM, B. O., Thase, M. E., Fisher, A. J., et al. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031530 · Cited by 166
Two aspects of the therapeutic alliance: Differential relations with depressive symptom change.
Webb, C. A., DeRubeis, R. J., Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., Hollon, S. D., & Dimidjian, S. (2011) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023252 · Cited by 150
The effects of cognitive behavior therapy for adult depression on dysfunctional thinking: a meta-analysis
Cristea, I. A., Huibers, M. J. H., David, D., Hollon, S. D., Andersson, G., & Cuijpers, P. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.003 · Cited by 135
Empirical Examinations of Modifications and Adaptations to Evidence-Based Psychotherapies: Methodologies, Impact, and Future Directions
Wiltsey Stirman, S., Gamarra, J. M., Bartlett, B. A., Calloway, A., & Gutner, C. A. (2017) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12218 · Cited by 138
Therapist competence in cognitive therapy for depression: Predicting subsequent symptom change.
Strunk, D. R., Brotman, M. A., DeRubeis, R. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019631 · Cited by 138
Quantifying the association between psychotherapy content and clinical outcomes using deep learning
Ewbank, M. P., Cummins, R., Tablan, V., Bateup, S., Catarino, A., Martin, A. J., & Blackwell, A. D. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2664 · Cited by 108
National dissemination of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in the department of veterans affairs health care system: Therapist and patient-level outcomes.
Karlin, B. E., Brown, G. K., Trockel, M., Cunning, D., Zeiss, A. M., & Taylor, C. B. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029328 · Cited by 113
Assessing Variability and Implementation Fidelity of Suicide Prevention Safety Planning in a Regional VA Healthcare System
Gamarra, J. M., Luciano, M. T., Gradus, J. L., & Wiltsey Stirman, S. (2015) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000345 · Cited by 107
Working alliance predicts psychotherapy outcome even while controlling for prior symptom improvement
Falkenström, F., Granström, F., & Holmqvist, R. (2013) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.847985 · Cited by 108
Improvement of the working alliance in one treatment session predicts improvement of depressive symptoms by the next session.
Falkenström, F., Ekeblad, A., & Holmqvist, R. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000119 · Cited by 103
Cognitive restructuring and psychotherapy outcome: A meta-analytic review.
Ezawa, I. D., & Hollon, S. D. (2023) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000474 · Cited by 102
Ten Ways to Improve the Use of Statistical Mediation Analysis in the Practice of Child and Adolescent Treatment Research
Maric, M., Wiers, R. W., & Prins, P. J. M. (2012) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-012-0114-y · Cited by 97
Therapist use of Socratic questioning predicts session-to-session symptom change in cognitive therapy for depression
Braun, J. D., Strunk, D. R., Sasso, K. E., & Cooper, A. A. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.05.004 · Cited by 91
Exploring mechanisms of change in cognitive therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for adult depression
Lemmens, L. H. J. M., Galindo‐Garre, F., Arntz, A. R., Peeters, F. P. M. L., Hollon, S. D., DeRubeis, R. J., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.05.005 · Cited by 91
Only connect: The working alliance in computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy
Kiluk, B. D., Serafini, K., Frankforter, T., Nich, C., & Carroll, K. M. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.003 · Cited by 80
“…robustness of the alliance as a predictor of treatment outcomes has been somewhat mixed after accounting for prior symptom change (e.g., Barber, Connolly, Crits-Christoph, Gladis, & Siqueland, 2000; Falkenstrom, Granstrom, & Holmqvist, 2014; Strunk, Brotman, & DeRubeis, 2010; Webb et al., 2011).”
Method
To manualize, or not to manualize: Is that still the question? A systematic review of empirical evidence for manual superiority in psychological treatment
Truijens, F. L., Zühlke, L., & Vanheule, S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22712 · Cited by 80
The process of change in cognitive therapy for depression when combined with antidepressant medication: predictors of early intersession symptom gains
Strunk, D. R., Cooper, A. A., Ryan, E. T., DeRubeis, R. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029281 · Cited by 77
Convergence in patient–therapist therapeutic alliance ratings and its relation to outcome in chronic depression treatment
Laws, H. B., Constantino, M. J., Sayer, A. G., Klein, D. N., Kocsis, J. H., Manber, R., Markowitz, J. C., ROTHBAUM, B. O., Steidtmann, D. K., Thase, M. E., et al. (2016) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2015.1114687 · Cited by 77
Treatment failure in cognitive‐behavioural therapy: Therapeutic alliance as a precondition for an adherent and competent implementation of techniques
Weck, F., Grikscheit, F., Jakob, M., Höfling, V., & Stangier, U. (2014) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12063 · Cited by 84
Is the relation between early post-session reports and treatment outcome an epiphenomenon of intake distress and early response? A multi-predictor analysis in outpatient psychotherapy
Flückiger, C., Holtforth, M. G., Znoj, H. J., Caspar, F., & Wampold, B. E. (2012) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2012.693773 · Cited by 73
Associations between treatment adherence–competence–integrity (ACI) and adult psychotherapy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Power, N., Noble, L. A., Simmonds‐Buckley, M., Kellett, S., Stockton, C., Firth, N., & Delgadillo, J. (2022) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000736 · Cited by 69
Reciprocal influence of alliance to the group and outcome in day treatment for eating disorders.
Tasca, G. A., & Lampard, A. M. (2012) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029947 · Cited by 75
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Nature and Relation to Non-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Lorenzo‐Luaces, L., Keefe, J. R., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.02.012 · Cited by 66
A session-to-session examination of homework engagement in cognitive therapy for depression: Do patients experience immediate benefits?
Conklin, L. R., & Strunk, D. R. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.011 · Cited by 59
Self-citation
The associations among improvement and alliance expectations, alliance during treatment, and treatment outcome for major depressive disorder
Barber, J. P., Zilcha‐Mano, S., Gallop, R., Barrett, M. S., McCarthy, K. S., & Dinger, U. (2014) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.871080 · Cited by 56
The relationship between the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy and suicidal experiences: A systematic review
Huggett, C., Gooding, P. A., Haddock, G., Quigley, J., & Pratt, D. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2726 · Cited by 62
Distinguishing integrative from eclectic practice in cognitive behavioral therapies.
Petrik, A. M., Kazantzis, N., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0032412 · Cited by 54
Processes of Change in CBT of Adolescent Depression: Review and Recommendations
Webb, C. A., Auerbach, R. P., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.704842 · Cited by 60
Predictors of patient cognitive therapy skills and symptom change in two randomized clinical trials: The role of therapist adherence and the therapeutic alliance.
Webb, C. A., DeRubeis, R. J., Dimidjian, S., Hollon, S. D., Amsterdam, J. D., & Shelton, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027663 · Cited by 51
Therapeutic alliance and weight gain during cognitive behavioural therapy for anorexia nervosa
Brown, A., Mountford, V., & Waller, G. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.01.008 · Cited by 48
Acute phase cognitive therapy for recurrent major depressive disorder: Who drops out and how much do patient skills influence response?
Jarrett, R. B., Minhajuddin, A., Kangas, J. L., Friedman, E. S., Callan, J. A., & Thase, M. E. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.01.006 · Cited by 48
A Person-Centered Approach to Multicultural Counseling Competence
Quinn, A. E. (2012) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167812458452 · Cited by 55
Therapist Training in Empirically Supported Treatments: A Review of Evaluation Methods for Short- and Long-Term Outcomes
Decker, S. E., Jameson, M. T., & Naugle, A. E. (2011) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-011-0360-1 · Cited by 46
A Non-randomized Comparison of Strategies for Consultation in a Community-Academic Training Program to Implement an Evidence-Based Psychotherapy
Stirman, S. W., Pontoski, K. E., Creed, T. A., Xhezo, R., Evans, A. C., Beck, A. T., & Crits-Christoph, P. F. (2015) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-015-0700-7 · Cited by 43
Not Just a Non-specific Factor: Moderators of the Effect of Within- and Between-Clients Alliance on Outcome in CBT
Zilcha‐Mano, S., Muran, J. C., Eubanks, C. F., Safran, J. D., & Winston, A. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9866-5 · Cited by 45
A re-examination of process–outcome relations in cognitive therapy for depression: Disaggregating within-patient and between-patient effects
Sasso, K. E., Strunk, D. R., Braun, J. D., DeRubeis, R. J., & Brotman, M. A. (2015) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2015.1026423 · Cited by 41
Identifying moderators of the adherence-outcome relation in cognitive therapy for depression
Sasso, K. E., Strunk, D. R., Braun, J. D., DeRubeis, R. J., & Brotman, M. A. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000045 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
Using Socratic Questioning to promote cognitive change and achieve depressive symptom reduction: Evidence of cognitive change as a mediator
Vittorio, L. N., Murphy, S. T., Braun, J. D., & Strunk, D. R. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104035 · Cited by 47
The therapeutic alliance in a naturalistic psychiatric setting: temporal relations with depressive symptom change
Webb, C. A., Beard, C., Auerbach, R. P., Menninger, E., & Björgvinsson, T. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.015 · Cited by 38
Common (Nonspecific) Factors in Psychotherapy
Huibers, M. J. H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015) · The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp272 · Cited by 39
Validation of the Working Alliance Inventory–Observer Short Version with male intimate partner violence offenders
Santirso, F. A., Martín-Fernández, M., Lila, M., Gracia, E., & Terreros, E. (2018) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.02.003 · Cited by 41
The therapeutic alliance and therapist adherence as predictors of dropout from cognitive therapy for depression when combined with antidepressant medication
Cooper, A. A., Strunk, D. R., Ryan, E. T., DeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., & Gallop, R. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.06.005 · Cited by 36
Dynamic relationships of therapist alliance and group cohesion in transdiagnostic group CBT for anxiety disorders.
Norton, P. J., & Kazantzis, N. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000062 · Cited by 40
Temporal and specific pathways of change in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for depression
Bruijniks, S. J. E., Meeter, M., Lemmens, L. H. J. M., Peeters, F. P. M. L., Cuijpers, P. J., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104010 · Cited by 35
A randomized controlled dismantling trial of post-workshop consultation strategies to increase effectiveness and fidelity to an evidence-based psychotherapy for Posttraumatic stress disorder
Stirman, S. W., Shields, N., Deloriea, J., Landy, M. S. H., Belus, J. M., Maslej, M. M., & Monson, C. M. (2013) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-8-82 · Cited by 28
Relationship between Expectation Management and Client Retention in Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Ekberg, S., Barnes, R., Kessler, D. S., Mirza, S., Montgomery, A. A., Malpass, A., & Shaw, A. R. G. (2014) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465814000241 · Cited by 31
Relapses in recurrent depression 1 year after maintenance cognitive-behavioral therapy: The role of therapist adherence, competence, and the therapeutic alliance
Weck, F., Rudari, V., Hilling, C., Hautzinger, M., Heidenreich, T., Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Stangier, U. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.05.036 · Cited by 29
Patient recall of specific cognitive therapy contents predicts adherence and outcome in adults with major depressive disorder
Dong, L., Zhao, X., Ong, S. L., & Harvey, A. G. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.08.006 · Cited by 29
Social representation of therapeutic relationship among cognitive-behavioral psychotherapists.
Gelo, O. C. G., Ziglio, R., Armenio, S., Fattori, F., & Pozzi, M. (2016) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000104 · Cited by 26
Therapist Behaviors as Predictors of Immediate Homework Engagement in Cognitive Therapy for Depression
Conklin, L. R., Strunk, D. R., & Cooper, A. A. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9873-6 · Cited by 26
Predicting Premature Termination Within a Randomized Controlled Trial for Binge-Eating Patients
Flückiger, C., Meyer, A. H., Wampold, B. E., Gassmann, D., Messerli‐Bürgy, N., & Munsch, S. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.008 · Cited by 25
Shape of change in internet based behavioral activation treatment for depression
O'Mahen, H. A., Wilkinson, E., Bagnall, K., Richards, D. A., & Swales, A. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.05.011 · Cited by 25
Therapist competence in case conceptualization and outcome in CBT for depression
Easden, M. H., & Fletcher, R. B. (2018) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2018.1540895 · Cited by 28
Ruptures and repairs of group therapy alliance. An untold story in psychotherapy research
Coco, G. L., Tasca, G. A., Hewitt, P. L., Mikail, S. F., & Kivlighan, D. M. (2019) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2019.352 · Cited by 26
Disentangling Trait-Like Between-Individual vs. State-Like Within-Individual Effects in Studying the Mechanisms of Change in CBT
Zilcha-Mano, S., & Webb, C. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.609585 · Cited by 25
Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy
German, R. E., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397045-9.00018-5 · Cited by 25
Sensitivity analysis in multiple imputation in effectiveness studies of psychotherapy
Crameri, A., von Wyl, A., Koemeda, M., Schulthess, P., & Tschuschke, V. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01042 · Cited by 24
Across-subjects multiple baseline trial of exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for severe irritability: a study protocol
Naim, R., Kircanski, K., Gold, A. L., German, R. E., Davis, M., Perlstein, S., Clayton, M., Revzina, O., & Brotman, M. A. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039169 · Cited by 22
The alliance–outcome association in the treatment of adolescent depression.
Cirasola, A., Midgley, N., Fonagy, P., & Martin, P. (2021) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000366 · Cited by 22
The Swedish Implementation of Multisystemic Therapy for Adolescents: Does Treatment Experience Predict Treatment Adherence?
Löfholm, C. A., Eichas, K., & Sundell, K. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.883926 · Cited by 24
When is it Effective to Focus on the Alliance? Analysis of a Within-Client Moderator
Zilcha‐Mano, S., Lipsitz‐Odess, I., & Errázuriz, P. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9867-4 · Cited by 23
The Relationship Between Working Alliance and Symptom Improvement in Cognitive Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Beierl, E. T., Murray, H., Wiedemann, M., Warnock-Parkes, E., Wild, J., Stott, R., Grey, N., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.602648 · Cited by 22
Observational Coding Training Methods for CBT Treatment Fidelity: A Systematic Review
Rodríguez‐Quintana, N., & Lewis, C. C. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9898-5 · Cited by 25
Leveraging routine clinical materials and mobile technology to assess CBT fidelity: the Innovative Methods to Assess Psychotherapy Practices (imAPP) study
Stirman, S. W., Marques, L. M., Creed, T. A., Gutner, C. A., DeRubeis, R. J., Barnett, P. G., Kuhn, E. R., Suvak, M. K., Owen, J. E., Vogt, D. S., et al. (2018) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-018-0756-3 · Cited by 22
A Primer on Psychotherapy Process Research: A Review of Cognitive Therapy of Depression
Pfeifer, B. J., & Strunk, D. R. (2015) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12147 · Cited by 21
Isolating therapeutic procedures to investigate mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for depression
Bruijniks, S. J. E., Sijbrandij, M., Schlinkert, C., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/2043808718800893 · Cited by 20
Sudden Gains During Patient-Directed Expressive Writing Treatment Predicts Depression Reduction in Women with History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Lorenz, T. K., Pulverman, C. S., & Meston, C. M. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9510-3 · Cited by 19
Predictors and consequences of sudden gains in transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders
Vincent, L., & Norton, P. J. (2018) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2018.1513557 · Cited by 19
The challenge of training supervisors to use direct assessments of clinical competence in CBT consistently: a systematic review and exploratory training study
Loades, M. E., & Armstrong, P. (2016) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x15000288 · Cited by 17
Is the alliance always a predictor of change in psychotherapy for depression?
Hendriksen, M., Peen, J., Van, R., Barber, J. P., & Dekker, J. (2013) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.847987 · Cited by 16
Explaining variability in therapist adherence and patient depressive symptom improvement: The role of therapist interpersonal skills and patient engagement
Snippe, E., Schroevers, M. J., Tovote, K. A., Sanderman, R., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Fleer, J. (2018) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2332 · Cited by 21
A Commentary on the Science and Practice of Homework in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Dobson, K. S. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10217-5 · Cited by 15
The Association Between Clinician and Perceived Organizational Factors with Early Fidelity to Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Randomized Controlled Implementation Trial
Sijercic, I., Lane, J. E. M., Gutner, C. A., Monson, C. M., & Stirman, S. W. (2019) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-019-00966-7 · Cited by 16
The Therapeutic Alliance Predicts Outcomes of Cognitive Behavior Therapy but Not of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depressive Symptoms
Snippe, E., Fleer, J., Tovote, K. A., Sanderman, R., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Schroevers, M. J. (2015) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000379755 · Cited by 14
Reevaluating the Alliance–Outcome Relationship in the Early Sessions of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Depression
Whelen, M. L., Murphy, S. T., & Strunk, D. R. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702620959352 · Cited by 15
Behavioral Activation
Kanter, J. W., & Puspitasari, A. J. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118470886.ch9 · Cited by 15
Comparing the treatment process in successful and unsuccessful cases in two forms of psychotherapy for cluster C personality disorders.
Lilliengren, P., Philips, B., Falkenström, F., Bergquist, M., Ulvenes, P., & Wampold, B. (2019) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000217 · Cited by 12
Convergence and divergence in the delivery of cognitive therapy in two randomized clinical trials
Webb, C. A., DeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., Dimidjian, S., Amsterdam, J. D., & Shelton, R. C. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.05.003 · Cited by 12
An explanatory sequential investigation of the working alliance as a change process in videoconferencing psychotherapy
Norwood, C., Sabin‐Farrell, R., Malins, S., & Moghaddam, N. G. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23112 · Cited by 12
The Factor Structure of the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale (CTRS) in a Sample of Community Mental Health Clinicians
Affrunti, N. W., & Creed, T. A. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-09998-7 · Cited by 13
Do specific modules of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression have measurable effects on youth internalizing symptoms? An idiographic analysis
Frederick, J., Ng, M. Y., Valente, M. J., Chorpita, B. F., & Weisz, J. R. (2022) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2022.2131475 · Cited by 14
A time-series analysis of therapeutic alliance, interventions, and client’s clinical status in an evidence-based single-case study: Evidence for establishing change mechanisms in psychotherapy
Roussos, A., Penedo, J. M. G., & Muiños, R. (2016) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1174346 · Cited by 11
Differences in the Delivery of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression When Therapists Work with Black and White Patients
Ezawa, I. D., & Strunk, D. R. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10254-0 · Cited by 13
In-Session Caregiver Behaviors during Evidence-Based Intervention Delivery for Children with ASD in Community Mental Health Services
Guan, K., Lau, A. S., Zhang, A. Y., Chlebowski, C., Haine‐Schlagel, R., & Brookman-Frazee, L. I. (2019) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2019.1565500 · Cited by 10
Development and preliminary validation of the treatment adherence rating scale
Gumport, N. B., Dong, L., Lee, J. Y., Zhao, X., & Harvey, A. G. (2022) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101832 · Cited by 11
Reciprocal influence of distress and group therapeutic factors in day treatment for eating disorders: A progress and process monitoring study.
Obeid, N., Carlucci, S., Brugnera, A., Compare, A., Proulx, G., Bissada, H., & Tasca, G. A. (2018) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000138 · Cited by 10
Exploring the Association between Individual-Level Attributes and Fidelity to a Vocational Rehabilitation Intervention within a Randomised Controlled Trial
Powers, K., das Nair, R., Phillips, J. S., Farrin, A. J., & Radford, K. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20064694 · Cited by 11
Enthusiasm for homework and improvement of psychological distress in subthreshold depression during behavior therapy: secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial
On behalf of the GENKI Project, Hayasaka, Y., Furukawa, T. A., Sozu, T., Imai, H., Kawakami, N., & Horikoshi, M. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0687-3 · Cited by 7
The Development of the Working Alliance and Its Ability to Predict Outcome in Emotion-Focused Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
Adler, G., Shahar, B., Dolev, T., & Zilcha‐Mano, S. (2018) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000814 · Cited by 9

Authors: Strunk, D. R., Brotman, M. A., & DeRubeis, R. J.
Affiliations: The Ohio State University (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author: Strunk, Daniel R.
ORCID: Strunk, Daniel R.
Brotman, Melissa A.
DeRubeis, Robert J.
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-07
Volume: 48
Issue: 7
Pages: 599-606
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.011
PMC: PMC2878902
OpenAlex: W2008700827
Cited by: 169
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 11.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R10MH055875, R10MH055877)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords: change processes, therapist adherence, cognitive strategies, therapeutic relationship, homework, treatment response
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Patient Compliance, Professional-Patient Relations, Prognosis, Severity of Illness Index, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The process of change in cognitive therapy for depression: predictors of early inter-session symptom gains.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks