Cited by 335Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPain Management and Placebo EffectPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The validation of an active control intervention for Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

Open access

Abstract

Most of the extant literature investigating the health effects of mindfulness interventions relies on wait-list control comparisons. The current article specifies and validates an active control condition, the Health Enhancement Program (HEP), thus providing the foundation necessary for rigorous investigations of the relative efficacy of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and for testing mindfulness as an active ingredient. 63 participants were randomized to either MBSR (n = 31) or HEP (n = 32). Compared to HEP, MBSR led to reductions in thermal pain ratings in the mindfulness- but not the HEP-related instruction condition (η(2) = .18). There were significant improvements over time for general distress (η(2) = .09), anxiety (η(2) = .08), hostility (η(2) = .07), and medical symptoms (η(2) = .14), but no effects of intervention. Practice was not related to change. HEP is an active control condition for MBSR while remaining inert to mindfulness. These claims are supported by results from a pain task. Participant-reported outcomes (PROs) replicate previous improvements to well-being in MBSR, but indicate that MBSR is no more effective than a rigorous active control in improving these indices. These results emphasize the importance of using an active control condition like HEP in studies evaluating the effectiveness of MBSR.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.brat.2011.10.011

Cites

60 of 60 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 61 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 335

Metadata

Authors
MacCoon, D. G., Imel, Z. E., Rosenkranz, M. A., Sheftel, J. G., Weng, H. Y., Sullivan, J. C., Bonus, K. A., Stoney, C. M., Salomons, T. V., Davidson, R. J., & Lutz, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of Wisconsin Health (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
MacCoon, Donal G.
Venue
Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-01
Volume
50
Issue
1
Pages
3-12
ISSN
0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2145128570
Cited by
335
References
61
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
FWCI
15.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (U01AT002114-01A1)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (P50-MH069315-03)
  • Fetzer Institute, and gifts
  • John W. Kluge Foundation and the Impact Foundation
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords
mindfulness-based stress reduction, active control, mindfulness-based interventions, waitlist control, thermal pain, anxiety, hostility, general distress, clinical symptoms, well-being, intervention efficacy
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Stress, Psychological, Treatment Outcome, Meditation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review