The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A randomised controlled trial of a brief online mindfulness-based intervention
Open accessAbstract
Objectives There is growing evidence that mindfulness has positive consequences for both psychological and physical health in both clinical and non-clinical populations. The potential benefits of mindfulness underpin a range of therapeutic intervention approaches designed to increase mindfulness in both clinical and community contexts. Self-guided mindfulness-based interventions may be a way to increase access to the benefits of mindfulness. This study explored whether a brief, online, mindfulness-based intervention can increase mindfulness and reduce perceived stress and anxiety/depression symptoms within a student population.Method One hundred and four students were randomly allocated to either immediately start a two-week, self-guided, online, mindfulness-based intervention or a wait-list control. Measures of mindfulness, perceived stress and anxiety/depression were administered before and after the intervention period.Results Intention to treat analysis identified significant group by time interactions for mindfulness skills, perceived stress and anxiety/depression symptoms. Participation in the intervention was associated with significant improvements in all measured domains, where no significant changes on these measures were found for the control group.Conclusions This provides evidence in support of the feasibility and effectiveness of shorter self-guided mindfulness-based interventions. The limitations and implications of this study for clinical practice are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The main outcomes include small to large improvements in mindfulness and decreases in depression, rumination, anxiety, and perceived stress, whereas control groups display no such improvements (Cavanagh et al., 2013;Dimidjian et al., 2014;Hazlett-Stevens & Oren, 2017;Krusche et al., 2012;Lever Taylor et al., 2014;Morledge et al., 2013;Wimberley et al., 2016).”
From A Mindfulness-Based Intervention: Differential Effects on Affective and Processual Evolution (2018) · cites this paper as Cavanagh et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“Growing evidence supports the somatic and psychological health improvements induced by mindfulness-based interventions (Cavanagh et al., 2013).”
From A Mindfulness-Based Intervention: Differential Effects on Affective and Processual Evolution (2018) · cites this paper as Cavanagh et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“Self-help, mindfulness-based interventions have been validated in student samples (Cavanagh et al., 2013;Hazlett-Stevens & Oren, 2017;Lever Taylor et al., 2014), the general population (Bhayee et al., 2016;Krusche, Cyhlarova, King, & Williams, 2012;Wimberley, Mintz, & Suh, 2016), and clinical populations (Dimidjian et al., 2014;Morledge et al., 2013).”
From A Mindfulness-Based Intervention: Differential Effects on Affective and Processual Evolution (2018) · cites this paper as Cavanagh et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“This study's findings appear consistent with those in the literature regarding self-help, mindfulness-based interventions-especially the significant improvements in mindfulness, anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and negative self-oriented cognition throughout the program in the intervention condition but not in the control condition-and the effect sizes were similar to or slightly”
From A Mindfulness-Based Intervention: Differential Effects on Affective and Processual Evolution (2018) · cites this paper as Cavanagh et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“In the general population, several studies have shown that web-based mindfulness programs result in small but significant improvements in symptoms such as depression and anxiety [14-16].”
In the citing paper
“The addition of mindfulness resources represents a promising addition to iCBT with PSP, given the growing research attention on the benefits of mindfulness [14-16] and its use in CBT [17].”
In the citing paper
“Also, Cavanagh et al. [21] adapted MBCT as a brief online intervention and found it to be effective in a non-clinical population of students.”
From The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as Cavanagh et al. [21]
In the citing paper
“The meditation script, originally developed for individuals with distressing psychotic experiences (Chadwick, 2006), has been used in studies with clinical (e.g. Chadwick et al., 2005; Chadwick et al., 2016; Dannahy et al., 2011; Ellett, 2013) and nonclinical (Cavanagh et al., 2013; Evans et al., 2019; Kingston et al., 2019; Shore et al., 2017) populations including those experiencing depression (”
From A randomised trial comparing a brief online delivery of mindfulness-plus-values versus values only for symptoms of depression: Does baseline severity matter? (2020) · cites this paper as Cavanagh et al., 2013
Citations
Cites
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448
Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg016 · Cited by 8,615
Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg016 · Cited by 8,612
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511
(1993) · Cited by 7,136
An Ultra-Brief Screening Scale for Anxiety and Depression: The PHQ–4
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2009) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(09)70864-3 · Cited by 4,261
(1988) · Cited by 4,111
Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00573-7 · Cited by 3,958
The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta analytic review
Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018555 · Cited by 3,846
Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: a practical guide for biologists
Nakagawa, S., & Cuthill, I. C. (2007) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2007.00027.x · Cited by 3,835
Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies
Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006 · Cited by 2,687
Löwe, B., Wahl, I., Rose, M., Spitzer, C., Glaesmer, H., Wingenfeld, K., Schneider, A., & Brähler, E. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.019 · Cited by 2,473
The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain
Kabat-Zinn, J., Lipworth, L., & Burney, R. (1985) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00845519 · Cited by 1,745
Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2009) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0495 · Cited by 1,681
Computer-based psychological treatments for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Richards, D., & Richardson, T. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.004 · Cited by 1,442
Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2003) · Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7166.2003.tb04008.x · Cited by 1,394
Mindfulness-based stress reduction for health care professionals: results from a randomized trial
Shapiro, S. L., Astin, J. A., Bishop, S. R., & Cordova, M. (2005) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/1072-5245.12.2.164 · Cited by 1,323
Adherence in Internet Interventions for Anxiety and Depression
Christensen, H., Griffiths, K. M., & Farrer, L. (2009) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1194 · Cited by 1,133
The psychological effects of meditation: a meta-analysis
Sedlmeier, P., Eberth, J., Schwarz, M., Zimmermann, D., Haarig, F., Jaeger, S., & Kunze, S. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028168 · Cited by 910
The Delivery of Public Health Interventions via the Internet: Actualizing Their Potential
Bennett, G. G., & Glasgow, R. E. (2009) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100235 · Cited by 800
The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation: A Meta-Analysis
Eberth, J., & Sedlmeier, P. (2012) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0101-x · Cited by 791
Efficacy of the third wave of behavioral therapies: A systematic review and meta- analysis
Öst, L.-G. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.12.005 · Cited by 727
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder
Brasfield, C. R. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90183-x · Cited by 517
Vøllestad, J., Nielsen, M. B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2012) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02024.x · Cited by 459
Computer‐Aided Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Cuijpers, P., Marks, I. M., van Straten, A., Cavanagh, K., Gega, L., & Andersson, G. (2009) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070802694776 · Cited by 429
Self-citationGELLATLY, J., BOWER, P., HENNESSY, S., RICHARDS, D., GILBODY, S., & LOVELL, K. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707000062 · Cited by 419 · cited 1×
“Briefly supported self-help interventions are typically associated with better outcomes and higher rates of adherence (Gellatly et al., 2007; Richards & Richardson, 2012) and the potential added value of brief support for mindfulness-based interventions online should also be explored.”
BackgroundWaller, R., & Gilbody, S. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708004224 · Cited by 393
Cavanagh, K., Strauss, C., Forder, L., & Jones, F. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.01.001 · Cited by 340
Self-citationThe mental health of university students in the United Kingdom
Macaskill, A. (2013) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2012.743110 · Cited by 335
Griffiths, K. M., Farrer, L., & Christensen, H. (2010) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03685.x · Cited by 303
Person‐Based Cognitive Therapy for Distressing Psychosis
Chadwick, P. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713075 · Cited by 252
Herrero, J., & Meneses, J. (2006) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.007 · Cited by 222
Hands-on Help: computer-aided Psychotherapy
Marks, I. M., Cavanagh, K., & Gega, L. (2007) · doi:10.25405/ncl.34083078 · Cited by 182
Self-citationA randomized controlled pilot study of a brief web-based mindfulness training
Glück, T. M., & Maercker, A. (2011) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-11-175 · Cited by 168
Marks, I. M., Cavanagh, K., & Gega, L. (2007) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203962152 · Cited by 167
Self-citationRose, R. D., Buckey, J. C., Zbozinek, T. D., Motivala, S. J., Glenn, D. E., Cartreine, J. A., & Craske, M. G. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.11.003 · Cited by 153
Computer-Aided Psychological Treatments: Evolving Issues
Marks, I., & Cavanagh, K. (2009) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153538 · Cited by 133
Self-citationKrusche, A., Cyhlarova, E., King, S., & Williams, J. M. G. (2012) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000803 · Cited by 121
Group person-based cognitive therapy for distressing voices: Pilot data from nine groups
Dannahy, L., Hayward, M., Strauss, C., Turton, W., Harding, E., & Chadwick, P. (2010) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.07.006 · Cited by 82
Self-citationA closer look at the baseline-observation-carried-forward (BOCF)
D’Souza, D. N. (2010) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s8135 · Cited by 70
Computerized cognitive behavioural therapy and the therapeutic alliance: A qualitative enquiry
Barazzone, N., Cavanagh, K., & Richards, D. A. (2012) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2012.02035.x · Cited by 67
Self-citationBewick, B. M., Gill, J., Mulhern, B., Barkham, M., & Hill, A. J. (2008) · E-Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.7790/ejap.v4i2.120 · Cited by 66
Cavanagh, K., Seccombe, N., & Lidbetter, N. (2011) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465810000858 · Cited by 47
Self-citationOxford Guide to Low Intensity CBT Interventions
(2015) · Oxford Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780199590117.001.0001 · Cited by 40
Monshat, K., Vella‐Brodrick, D., Burns, J. M., & Herrman, H. (2011) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dar017 · Cited by 39
Jorm, A. F., Morgan, A. J., & Malhi, G. S. (2013) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867412474076 · Cited by 38
Group person‐based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Strauss, C., Hayward, M., & Chadwick, P. (2012) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2012.02036.x · Cited by 35
Self-citationStudent mental health. Part 2: the main study and reflection of significant issues
Monk, E. M. (2004) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070410001665749 · Cited by 28
Strauss, C., Hayward, M., & Chadwick, P. (2012) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · Cited by 28
Self-citationSupported, service‐user led, computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) self‐help clinics
Cavanagh, K., Seccombe, N., Lidbetter, N., & Bunnell, D. (2011) · Journal of Public Mental Health · doi:10.1108/17465721111188241 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 52 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Van Dam, N. T., van Vugt, M. K., Vago, D. R., Schmalzl, L., Saron, C. D., Olendzki, A., Meissner, T., Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Gorchov, J., et al. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617709589 · Cited by 1,506
Spijkerman, M. P. J., Pots, W. T. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.009 · Cited by 975
“Furthermore, ACT uses mindfulness techniques, but does not require meditation, whereas MBCT and MBSR are meditation-based.”
MethodInfluentialMindfulness-Based Interventions for Anxiety and Depression
Hofmann, S. G., & Gómez, A. F. (2017) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.008 · Cited by 756
“58,63 Though these technology-delivered interventions are still in their infancy, a recent meta-analysis of 15 RCTs found that, relative to control or waitlist conditions, technology-delivered MBIs had a significant beneficial impact on depression, anxiety, stress, well-being, and mindfulness…”
Davies, E. B., Morriss, R., & Glazebrook, C. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3142 · Cited by 499
Heber, E., Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., Nobis, S., & Riper, H. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5774 · Cited by 408
Metadata
- Authors
- Cavanagh, K., Strauss, C., Cicconi, F., Griffiths, N., Wyper, A., & Jones, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Canterbury Christ Church University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cavanagh, Kate
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 573-578
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148707744
- Cited by
- 350
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 16
- FWCI
- 23.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, online intervention, self-guided intervention, brief intervention, mindfulness skills, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, university students, feasibility
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Care, Stress, Psychological, Students, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Treatment Outcome, Internet, Young Adult, Intention to Treat Analysis, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
