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Cited by 63Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesTreatment of Major Depression

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treats postpartum depression

Open access
Garcia, Keith S., Flynn, Patricia, Pierce, Katherine J., Caudle, Marty·2010·Brain Stimulation
DOI 10.1016/j.brs.2009.06.001
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Abstract

Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent illness, affecting 10-15% of new mothers. PPD is the most common complication of childbirth and is a significant public health concern. It is known to adversely impact maternal-infant bonding, childrearing practices, and can lead to suicide and infanticide. The current treatment approaches to PPD are suboptimal. Many mothers are reluctant to take medication because of concerns about side effects or exposure of their newborn infant through breastfeeding. The specific aims of this study were to (1) examine acute treatment effectiveness, (2) examine response durability, and (3) assess an effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on maternal bonding.Methods Nine antidepressant-free women with PPD were given 20 rTMS treatments over 4 weeks (10Hz, 120% motor threshold, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Multiple characteristics were assessed at baseline and throughout treatment. Duration of effect was assessed at 30 days, 3 months and 6 months posttreatment.Results Friedman's tests were conducted on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-24 item (HRSD-24), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (IDS-SR) and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) scores to compare performances at four time points (baseline, end of Week 2, end of Week 4, and 180-day follow-up). Overall, these results revealed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms by the end of Week 2 of treatment. Analyses yielded a medium effect size (r=0.68) on the primary outcome variable (HRSD-24). Of note, all nine patients remained in treatment for the complete 4 weeks, did not miss any treatment sessions and eight participants achieved remission of symptoms, defined as a HRSD<10 and a CGI-S=1. Analysis of follow-up data indicated robustness of the rTMS treatment over time. At 6-month follow-up, of the eight women that remitted, seven remained in remission without further psychiatric intervention, including the addition of medication and one was lost to follow-up. Results also indicated a significant improvement in bonding.Conclusions Our results demonstrate promising results for the use of rTMS in the treatment of PPD. Further randomized, sham-controlled studies need to be completed.

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Authors
Garcia, K. S., Flynn, P., Pierce, K. J., & Caudle, M.
Affiliations
Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author
Pierce, Katherine J.
Venue
Brain Stimulation
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-01
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
36-41
ISSN
  • 1876-4754 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-861X
DOI
10.1016/j.brs.2009.06.001
OpenAlex
W1984660256
Cited by
63
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
FWCI
2.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Brain stimulation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
postpartum depression, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, maternal bonding, treatment response durability, remission, non-pharmacological treatment, maternal mental health
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pilot Projects, Pregnancy, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Treatment Outcome, Depression, Postpartum, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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