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A distinct biomarker of continuous transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation treatment in major depressive disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background Major depression is the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide and poses a socioeconomic burden worldwide. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a promising noninvasive clinical device that may reduce the severity of major depression. However, the neural mechanism underlying continuous tVNS has not yet been elucidated.Objective We aimed to explore the effect of hypothalamic subregion functional connectivity (FC) changes during continuous tVNS treatment on major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and to identify the potential biomarkers for treatment outcomes.Methods Forty-one mild to moderate MDD patients were recruited and received either real or sham tVNS treatment for 4 weeks. We used a seed-to-whole brain approach to estimate the FC changes of hypothalamic subregions and their surrounding control areas during continuous tVNS treatment and explored their association with clinical outcome changes after 4 weeks of treatment.Results Of the thirty-six patients that completed the study, those in the tVNS group had significantly lower scores on the 24-item Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) Rating Scale compared to the sham tVNS group after 4 weeks of treatment. The FC between the bilateral medial hypothalamus (MH) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) was significantly decreased during tVNS but not during sham tVNS. The strength of this FC was significantly correlated with HAM-D improvements after 4 weeks of tVNS.Conclusion The FC between the bilateral MH and rACC may serve as a potential biomarker for the tVNS state and predict treatment responses. Our results provide insights into the neural modulation mechanisms of continuous tVNS and reveal a potential therapeutic target for MDD patients.
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“The interventions used in the control groups were all sham taVNS.[13–15]”
From Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [15]
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“In contrast, the confounding bias was not reported in any of these 2 trials.[14,15]”
From Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [15]
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“One studies recorded the side effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating major depressive disorder but did not report the adverse outcomes.[15]”
From Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [15]
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BackgroundBreath of Life: The Respiratory Vagal Stimulation Model of Contemplative Activity
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tu, Y., Fang, J., Cao, J., Wang, Z., Park, J., Jorgenson, K., Lang, C., Liu, J., Zhang, G., Zhao, Y., Zhu, B., Rong, P., & Kong, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Rong, Peijing
- Kong, Jian
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain stimulation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 501-508
- ISSN
- 1876-4754 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-861X
- PMC
- PMC5930128
- OpenAlex
- W2792997548
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 4.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain stimulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z161100002616003)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471389, 81473780, 81303056, 81674072, 81774433)
- NIH/NCCIH (R01AT006364, R01AT008563, R21AT008707, R61AT009310, P01AT006663)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, major depressive disorder, functional connectivity, medial hypothalamus, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, treatment response biomarkers, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain, Major Depressive Disorder, Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Vagus Nerve, Biomarkers, Treatment Outcome, Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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