Auricular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in depressed patients: A randomized controlled pilot study
Abstract
Invasive vagus nerve stimulation has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment in major depressive episodes. Recently, a novel non-invasive method of stimulating the vagus nerve on the outer canal of the ear has been proposed. In healthy subjects, a prominent fMRI BOLD signal deactivation in the limbic system was found. The present pilot study investigates the effects of this novel technique of auricular transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in depressed patients for the first time. A total of 37 patients suffering from major depression were included in two randomized sham controlled add-on studies. Patients were stimulated five times a week on a daily basis for the duration of 2 weeks. On days 0 and 14, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were assessed. In contrast to sham-treated patients, electrically stimulated persons showed a significantly better outcome in the BDI. Mean decrease in the active treatment group was 12.6 (SD 6.0) points compared to 4.4 (SD 9.9) points in the sham group. HAMD score did not change significantly in the two groups. An antidepressant effect of a new transcutaneous auricular nerve stimulation technique has been shown for the first time in this controlled pilot study. Regarding the limitations of psychometric testing, the risk of unblinding for technical reasons, and the small sample size, further studies are necessary to confirm the present results and verify the practicability of tVNS in clinical fields.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The one randomized controlled trial reported adequate random sequence generation.
“One randomized controlled trial[13] reported adequate random sequence generation (selection bias), while concealment of allocation was unclear in this RCT study.”
From Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
The interventions used in the control groups were all sham taVNS.
“The interventions used in the control groups were all sham taVNS.[13–15]”
From Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
Allocation concealment was unclear in the randomized controlled trial.
“One randomized controlled trial[13] reported adequate random sequence generation (selection bias), while concealment of allocation was unclear in this RCT study.”
From Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
Another study reported that there were no adverse side effects after the taVNS intervention.
“Another study reported that there were no adverse side effects after the taVNS intervention.[13]”
From Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · see citing works
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system
Berthoud, H.-R., & Neuhuber, W. L. (2000) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1566-0702(00)00215-0 · Cited by 1,280 · see citing works
Bewernick, B. H., Hurlemann, R., Matusch, A., Kayser, S., Grubert, C., Hadrysiewicz, B., Axmacher, N., Lemke, M., Cooper-Mahkorn, D., Cohen, M. X., et al. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.013 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Sackeim, H. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00271-8 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Shahly, V., Bromet, E. J., Hwang, I. H., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N. A., Andrade, L. H., de Girolamo, G., Demyttenaere, K., et al. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20634 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Kraus, T., Hösl, K. M., Kiess, O., Schanze, A., Kornhuber, J., & Forster, C. (2007) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-007-0755-z · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Self-citationFitzgerald, P. B., Benitez, J., de Castella, A. R., Daskalakis, Z. J., Brown, T. L., & Kulkarni, J. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.1.88 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Loo, C. K. A., Sachdev, P. S., Martin, D. M., Pigot, M., Alonzo, A., Malhi, G. S., Lagopoulos, J., & Mitchell, P. B. (2009) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145709990411 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Dietrich, S., Smith, J. C., Scherzinger, C., Hofmann-Preiß, K., Freitag, T., Eisenkolb, A., & Ringler, R. (2008) · Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1515/bmt.2008.022 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Aaron, D. (1974) · Foreign Policy · doi:10.2307/1148118 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Therapeutic Options for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Shelton, R. C., Osuntokun, O. O., Heinloth, A. N., & Corya, S. A. (2010) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11530280-000000000-00000 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation for depression: efficacy and safety in a European study
Schlaepfer, T. E., Frick, C., Zobel, A., Maier, W., Heuser, I., Bajbouj, M., O'Keane, V., Corcoran, C., Adolfsson, R., Trimble, M., et al. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001924 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for partial onset seizure therapy
Ventureyra, E. C. G. (2000) · Child s Nervous System · doi:10.1007/s003810050021 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Far field potentials from the brain stem after transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation
Fallgatter, A. J., Neuhauser, B., Herrmann, M. J., Ehlis, A., Wagener, A., Scheuerpflug, P., Reiners, K., & Riederer, P. (2003) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-003-0087-6 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Two-year outcome of vagus nerve stimulation in treatment-resistant depression
Bajbouj, M., Merkl, A., Schlaepfer, T. E., Frick, C., Zobel, A., Maier, W., O'Keane, V., Corcoran, C., Adolfsson, R., Trimble, M., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181db8831 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Daban, C., Martinez-Aran, A., Cruz, N., & Vieta, E. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.02.012 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants in depression.
Avery, D., & Winokur, G. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder: A Review
Daskalakis, Z. J., LEVINSON, A. J., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2008) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370805300902 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Zobel, A., Joe, A., Freymann, N., Clusmann, H., Schramm, J., Reinhardt, M., Biersack, H.-J., Maier, W., & Broich, K. (2005) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.02.010 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Greif, R. T., Laciny, S., Mokhtarani, M., Doufas, A. G., Bakhshandeh, M., Dorfer, L., & Sessler, D. I. (2002) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200202000-00014 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Neurostimulation therapies in depression: a review of new modalities
Marangell, L. B., Martínez, M., Jurdi, R. A., & Zboyan, H. A. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01033.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Polak, T. T., Markulin, F., Ehlis, A., Langer, J. B. M., Ringel, T. M., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-009-0282-1 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
A Pilot Study of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Bystritsky, A. M., Kerwin, L. E., & Feusner, J. D. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v69n0311 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Age effect on far field potentials from the brain stem after transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation
Fallgatter, A. J., Ehlis, A., Ringel, T. M., & Herrmann, M. J. (2004) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.09.007 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Stegmann, M., Ormel, J., de Graaf, R., Haro, J. M., de Girolamo, G., Demyttenaere, K., Kovess–Masféty, V., Matschinger, H., Vilagut, G., Alonso, J., et al. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.10.026 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Polak, T. T., Ehlis, A., Langer, J. B. M., Plichta, M. M., Metzger, F. G., Ringel, T. M., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2007) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-007-0625-8 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Frank, E., Eichhammer, P., Burger, J., Zowe, M., Landgrebe, M., Hajak, G., & Langguth, B. (2010) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-010-0137-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lampl, C., Kreczi, T., & Klingler, D. (1998) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199806000-00008 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on cognition and behaviour in aging
Scherder, E., Someren, E. J. W. V., Bouma, A., & Berg, M. V. D. (2000) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00170-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Luijpen, M. W., Swaab, D. F., Sergeant, J. A., & Scherder, E. (2004) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/0888439004268785 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Auricular vagus somatosensory evoked potentials in vascular dementia
Polak, T. T., Markulin, F., Ehlis, A., Metzger, F. G., Langer, J. B., Ringel, T. M., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-009-0202-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
STAR*D: Helping to Close the Gap Between Science and Practice
Shern, D. L., & Moran, H. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.60.11.1458 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Frangos, E., Ellrich, J., & Komisaruk, B. R. (2014) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.11.018 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
Yap, J. Y. Y., Keatch, C., Lambert, É., Woods, W., Stoddart, P. R., & Kameneva, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00284 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Quintana, D. S., Alvares, G. A., & Heathers, J. A. J. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.73 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Default Mode Network in Major Depressive Disorder
Fang, J., Rong, P., Yang, H., Fan, Y., Liu, J. H., Wang, H., Zhang, G., Chen, X., Shi, S. R., Wang, L., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.025 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Bonaz, B., Sinniger, V., & Pellissier, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01452 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Howland, R. H. (2014) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-014-0010-5 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Badran, B. W., Dowdle, L. T., Mithoefer, O. J., LaBate, N. T., Coatsworth, J., Brown, J. C., DeVries, W. H., Austelle, C. W., McTeague, L. M., & George, M. S. (2017) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2017.12.009 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Farmer, A. D., Strzelczyk, A., Finisguerra, A., Gourine, A. V., Gharabaghi, A., Hasan, A., Burger, A. M., Jaramillo, A. M., Mertens, A., Majid, A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.568051 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Ben‐Menachem, E., Revesz, D., Simon, B. J., & Silberstein, S. (2015) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.12629 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Current Directions in the Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation I – A Physiological Perspective
Kaniušas, E., Kampusch, S., Tittgemeyer, M., Panetsos, F., Gines, R. F., Papa, M., Kiss, A., Podesser, B. K., Cassara, A. M., Tanghe, E., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00854 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Safety and tolerability of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve stimulation in humans; a systematic review
Redgrave, J. N. E., Day, D., Leung, H., Laud, P. J., Ali, A., Lindert, R., & Majid, A. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.08.010 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Inoue, T., Abe, C., Sung, S. J., Moscalu, S., Jankowski, J., Huang, L., Ye, H., Rosin, D. L., Guyenet, P. G., & Okusa, M. D. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci83658 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Rong, P., Liu, J., Wang, L., Liu, R., Fang, J., Zhao, J., Zhao, Y., Wang, H., Vangel, M., Sun, S., et al. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.031 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Brosschot, J., Verkuil, B., & Thayer, J. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15030464 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Frangos, E., & Komisaruk, B. R. (2016) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.10.008 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Vagal nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
Carreno, F. R., & Frazer, A. (2017) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0537-8 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation in brain diseases: Therapeutic applications and biological mechanisms
Wang, Y., Zhan, G., Cai, Z., Jiao, B., Zhao, Y., Li, S., & Luo, A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.018 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Sharon, O., Fahoum, F., & Nir, Y. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1361-20.2020 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Kim, A. Y., Marduy, A., de Melo, P. S., Gianlorenço, A. C., Kim, C. K., Choi, S., Song, J., & Fregni, F. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25864-1 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation: From Concept to Application
Wang, Y., Li, S., Wang, D., Wu, M., He, J., Zhang, J., Zhao, B., Hou, L.-W., Wang, J., Wang, L., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-020-00619-y · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Kong, J., Fang, J., Park, J., Li, S., & Rong, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00020 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Sclocco, R., Garcia, R. G., Kettner, N. W., Isenburg, K., Fisher, H. P., Hubbard, C. S., Ay, İ., Polimeni, J. R., Goldstein, J. M., Makris, N., et al. (2019) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2019.02.003 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Liu, J. H., Fang, J., Wang, Z., Rong, P., Yang, H., Fan, Y., Wang, X., Park, J., Yu, J. Z., Liu, C., et al. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.003 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
An Overview of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications
Bhattacharya, A., Kambhampati, M., Sreepada, S. S. S., Sathyaprabha, T. N., Pal, P. K., Chen, R. E., & Udupa, K. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2021.158 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Antonino, D., Teixeira, A. L. D. S., Maia‐Lopes, P. M., Souza, M. C. D. C., Sabino‐Carvalho, J. L., Murray, A. R., Deuchars, J., & Vianna, L. C. (2017) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2017.05.006 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Thompson, S. L., O’Leary, G. H., Austelle, C. W., Gruber, E., Kahn, A. T., Manett, A. J., Short, B., & Badran, B. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.709436 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on cortical excitability
Capone, F., Assenza, G., Di Pino, G., Musumeci, G., Ranieri, F., Florio, L., Barbato, C., & Di Lazzaro, V. (2015) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-014-1299-7 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Bretherton, B., Atkinson, L., Murray, A. R., Clancy, J. A., Deuchars, S. A., & Deuchars, J. (2019) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.102074 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease
Chang, C.-H., Lane, H., & Lin, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00201 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Ventura‐Bort, C., Wirkner, J., Genheimer, H., Wendt, J., Hamm, A. O., & Weymar, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00202 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation in psychiatry: a systematic review of the available evidence
Cimpianu, C.-L., Strube, W., Falkai, P., Palm, U., & Hasan, A. (2017) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-016-1642-2 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Electrical stimulation of cranial nerves in cognition and disease
Adair, D., Truong, D. Q., Esmaeilpour, Z., Gebodh, N., Borges, H., Ho, L., Bremner, J. D., Badran, B. W., Napadow, V., Clark, V. P., et al. (2020) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2020.02.019 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Sclocco, R., Garcia, R. G., Kettner, N. W., Fisher, H. P., Isenburg, K., Makarovsky, M., Stowell, J. A., Goldstein, J. M., Barbieri, R., & Napadow, V. (2020) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2020.03.011 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS): recent advances and future directions
Austelle, C. W., Cox, S. S., Wills, K. E., & Badran, B. W. (2024) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-024-01065-w · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Colzato, L., & Beste, C. (2020) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00057.2020 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Aihua, L., Song, L., Liping, L., Xiu-ru, W., Hua, L., & Wang, Y. (2014) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.08.005 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Huang, F., Dong, J., Kong, J., Wang, H., Meng, H., Spaeth, R. B., Camhi, S. S., Liao, X., Li, X., Zhai, X., et al. (2014) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-203 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Recognizing the role of the vagus nerve in depression from microbiota-gut brain axis
Tan, C., Yan, Q., Ma, Y., Fang, J., & Yang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1015175 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
An alternative therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy: transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation
Rong, P., Liu, A., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Yang, A., Liang, L., Ben, H., Li, L., Liu, R., He, W., et al. (2014) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20131511 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Fang, J., Egorova, N., Rong, P., Liu, J. H., Yang, H., Fan, Y., Wang, X., Wang, H., Yu, Y., Ma, Y., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.12.016 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation boosts the drive to work for rewards
Neuser, M. P., Teckentrup, V., Kühnel, A., Hallschmid, M., Walter, M., & Kroemer, N. B. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17344-9 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Tu, Y., Fang, J., Cao, J., Wang, Z., Park, J., Jorgenson, K., Lang, C., Liu, J., Zhang, G., Zhao, Y., et al. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.01.006 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“Yet, the neural mechanism of tVNS during continuous stimulation, which is the way tVNS is applied in our clinical report [11] and others [13], has rarely been studied.”
Anatomo-Physiologic Basis for Auricular Stimulation
Mercante, B., Ginatempo, F., Manca, A., Melis, F., Enrico, P., & Deriu, F. (2018) · Medical Acupuncture · doi:10.1089/acu.2017.1254 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Vagal nerve stimulation as a promising tool in the improvement of cognitive disorders
Broncel, A., Bocian, R., Kłos‐Wojtczak, P., Kulbat-Warycha, K., & Konopacki, J. (2019) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.011 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Recent advances in devices for vagus nerve stimulation
Mertens, A., Raedt, R., Gadeyne, S., Carrette, E., Boon, P., & Vonck, K. E. J. (2018) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2018.1507732 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Tan, C., Qiao, M., Ma, Y., Luo, Y., Fang, J., & Yang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.048 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Wu, C., Liu, P., Fu, H., Chen, W., Cui, S., Lu, L., & Tang, C. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000013845 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulators: a review of past, present, and future devices
Wang, L., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., wang, F., Zhang, J., Li, S., Wu, M., Li, L., & Rong, P. (2021) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2022.2020095 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Neuromodulatory treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Koek, R. J., Roach, J., Athanasiou, N., Wout‐Frank, M. V. ‘., & Philip, N. S. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.004 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The Role of the Vagus Nerve in Cancer Prognosis: A Systematic and a Comprehensive Review
Couck, M., Caers, R., Spiegel, D., & Gidron, Y. (2018) · Journal of Oncology · doi:10.1155/2018/1236787 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Faraji, N., Payami, B., Ebadpour, N., & Gorji, A. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105990 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Mercante, B., Deriu, F., & Rangon, C.-M. (2018) · Medicines · doi:10.3390/medicines5010010 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Clinical application of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: a scoping review
Gerges, A. N. H., Williams, E. E. R., Hillier, S., Uy, J., Hamilton, T., Chamberlain, S., & Hordacre, B. G. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2313123 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Hasan, A., Wolff-Menzler, C., Pfeiffer, S., Falkai, P., Weidinger, E., Jobst, A., Hoell, I., Malchow, B., Yeganeh-Doost, P., Strube, W., et al. (2015) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-015-0618-9 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation boosts mood recovery after effort exertion
Ferstl, M., Teckentrup, V., Lin, W. M., Kräutlein, F., Kühnel, A., Klaus, J., Walter, M., & Kroemer, N. B. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720005073 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Keute, M., Ruhnau, P., Heinze, H., & Zaehle, T. (2018) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2018.05.026 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Li, S., Wang, Y., Gao, G., Guo, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, J., Li, L., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00680 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Fang, J., Liu, J. H., Rong, P., Jorgenson, K., Park, J., Lang, C., Yang, H., Zhu, B., & Kong, J. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.12.018 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Bermejo, P. E., Lopez, M., Larraya, I., Chamorro, J., Cobo, J., Ordoñez, S. I. P., & Vega, J. A. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/7830919 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Auricular Vagus Neuromodulation—A Systematic Review on Quality of Evidence and Clinical Effects
Verma, N., Mudge, J., Kasole, M., Chen, R. C., Blanz, S. L., Trevathan, J. K., Lovett, E. G., Williams, J. C., & Ludwig, K. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.664740 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Trevizol, A. P., Shiozawa, P., Taiar, I., Soares, A. R. A., Gomes, J. S., Barros, M. D., Liquidato, B. M., & Cordeiro, Q. (2016) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.02.001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Gidron, Y., Deschepper, R., Couck, M., Thayer, J. F., & Velkeniers, B. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7100371 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Kaniušas, E., Széles, J. C., Kampusch, S., Alfageme-Lopez, N., Yucumá, D., Xie, L., Mayol, J. M., Neumayer, C., Papa, M., & Panetsos, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00890 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Lerman, I. R., Davis, B. A., Huang, M., Huang, C. W., Sorkin, L. S., Proudfoot, J. A., Zhong, E., Kimball, D. F., Rao, R., Simon, B. J., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201212 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Li, S., Rong, P., Wang, Y., Jin, G., Hou, X., Li, S., Xiao, X., Zhou, W., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., et al. (2022) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2021.10.021 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Depression: A Systematic Review
Lv, H., Yan-hua, Z., Chen, J., Wang, D., & Chen, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00064 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Chen, C.-Y., Wang, Y., Lei, L., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122815 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Komisaruk, B. R., & Frangos, E. (2021) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102908 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Cao, J., Zhang, Y., Li, H., Yan, Z., Liu, X., Hou, X., Chen, W., Hodges, S., Kong, J., & Liu, B. (2021) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-021-03024-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation enhances cognitive emotion regulation
Smet, S. D., Baeken, C., Seminck, N., Tilleman, J., Carrette, E., Vonck, K. E. J., & Vanderhasselt, M. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103933 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Okonogi, T., Kuga, N., Yamakawa, M., Kayama, T., Ikegaya, Y., & Sasaki, T. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44205-y · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Depression and cardiovascular autonomic control: a matter of vagus and sex paradox
Tobaldini, E., Carandina, A., Toschi‐Dias, E., Erba, L., Furlan, L., Sgoifo, A., & Montano, N. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.029 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ylikoski, J. S., Markkanen, M. A., Pirvola, U., Lehtimäki, J., Ylikoski, M. E., Zou, J., Sinkkonen, S. T., & Mäkitie, A. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570196 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Feasibility Study
Evensen, K., Jørgensen, M. B., Sabers, A., & Martiny, K. (2021) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.13366 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zhang, S., He, J., Meng, H., Zhao, B., Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., Li, S., Wang, L., Wu, M., Chen, Y. S., et al. (2021) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.24785 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Badran, B. W., & Austelle, C. W. (2022) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20210023 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Cheng, Y.-C., Kuo, P.-H., Su, M.-I., & Huang, W.-L. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721005560 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Sun, J., Guo, C., Ma, Y., Gao, S., Luo, Y., Chen, Q., Yang, H., Hou, X., Xiao, X., Yu, X., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.035 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kreisberg, E., Esmaeilpour, Z., Adair, D., Khadka, N., Datta, A., Badran, B. W., Bremner, J. D., & Bikson, M. (2021) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2021.09.001 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: current status and future prospects
Sigurdsson, H. P., Raw, R. K., Hunter, H., Baker, M. R., Taylor, J., Rochester, L., & Yarnall, A. J. (2021) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2021.1969913 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Predictive Potential of Heart Rate Variability for Depression
Galin, S., & Keren, H. (2024) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.013 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Theta-Range Oscillations in Stress-Induced Mental Disorders as an Oscillotherapeutic Target
Okonogi, T., & Sasaki, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.698753 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Konjusha, A., Yu, S., Mückschel, M., Colzato, L. S., Ziemssen, T., & Beste, C. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2004-22.2023 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Guo, K., Lü, Y., Wang, X., Duan, Y., Li, H., Gao, F., & Wang, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1426618 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mastitskaya, S., Thompson, N., & Holder, D. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.667036 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Hesampour, F., Bernstein, C. N., & Ghia, J. (2023) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izad211 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Keute, M., Barth, D., Liebrand, M., Heinze, H., Kraemer, U., & Zaehle, T. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-019-00152-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Bucksot, J. E., Castelan, K. M., Skipton, S. K., & Hays, S. A. (2020) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113220 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Li, S., Zhang, Z., Jiao, Y., Jin, G., Wu, Y., Xu, F., Zhao, Y., Jia, H., Qin, Z., Zhang, Z., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.902450 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The allure of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as a novel therapeutic modality
Carreno, F. R., & Frazer, A. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.016 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Transdermal Auricular Vagus Stimulation for the Treatment of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Diedrich, A., Urechie, V., Shiffer, D., Rigo, S., Minonzio, M., Cairo, B., Smith, E. C., Okamoto, L., Barbic, F., Bisoglio, A., et al. (2021) · Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102886 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gurtubay, I. G., Pérez-Rodríguez, D. R., Fernandez, E., Librero, J., Calvo, D., Bermejo, P. E., Osorio, C. P., & Lopez, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1096865 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation conditions increased invigoration and wanting in depression
Ferstl, M., Kühnel, A., Klaus, J., Lin, W. M., & Kroemer, N. B. (2024) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152488 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Do the psychological effects of vagus nerve stimulation partially mediate vagal pain modulation?
Frangos, E., Richards, E. A., & Bushnell, M. C. (2017) · Neurobiology of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ynpai.2017.03.002 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Szulczewski, M. T. (2021) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.13458 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
van Midden, V. M., Demšar, J., Pirtošek, Z., & Kojović, M. (2023) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16004 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zhu, S., Zhang, X., Zhou, M., Kendrick, K. M., & Zhao, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1000758 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Alam, M. J., & Chen, J. D. Z. (2023) · Bioelectronic Medicine · doi:10.1186/s42234-023-00130-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Parente, J., Gianlorenço, A. C., Rebello‐Sanchez, I., Kim, M., Prati, J. M., Kim, C. K., Choi, S., Song, J., & Fregni, F. (2023) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyad058 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Zheng, Z. S., Simonian, N., Wang, J., & Rosario, E. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1393371 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hein, E., Nowak, M., Kiess, O., Biermann, T., Bayerlein, K., Kornhuber, J., & Kraus, T.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hein, Ernst
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Transmission
- Published
- 2012-11-02
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 821-827
- ISSN
- 0300-9564 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1463
- OpenAlex
- W2024665687
- Cited by
- 282
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Transmission (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation, antidepressant effects, BOLD signal, depression rating scales
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Antidepressive Agents, Brain, Depression, Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Vagus Nerve, Statistics, Nonparametric
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
