Cited by 462Cardiac Ischemia and ReperfusionNitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsNeurological Disorders and Treatments

Nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

Schulz, R·2004·Cardiovascular Research

Abstract

Administration of nitric oxide (NO), NO donors or drugs that enhance NO release (statins, calcium antagonists, ACE-inhibitors, dexamethasone) prior to ischemia protects the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury. While this exogenous administration of NO prior to ischemia can initiate a preconditioning-like phenomenon, endogenous NO-synthase (NOS)-derived NO is not involved in triggering or mediating the early phase of ischemic preconditioning's protection, but does play a pivotal role for initiating and mediating the delayed phase of ischemic preconditioning's protection. The present review now summarizes the importance of endogenous and exogenous NO when given at the time of reperfusion for vascular and myocardial function and morphological outcome following ischemia/reperfusion. Given the inconsistency of the published data, potential confounding factors that might affect experimental results on the role of NO in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion were identified, such as (1) the lack of characterization of the involved NOS isoforms in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in different animal species, (2) the lack of direct measurements of myocardial NO concentration and/or NOS activity to assure sufficient NOS inhibition, (3) the lack of consideration of nonenzymatic NO production as a potential source of NO, and (4) the absence of plasma or blood components in in vitro studies influencing NO delivery and metabolism. Future research on the importance of NO in ischemia/reperfusion injury will have to focus more precisely on the identification and standardization of potential confounding experimental factors that influence synthesis, transport, and interaction of NO with various targets in blood and tissue.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.09.019

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Authors
Schulz, R.
Affiliations
Essen University Hospital (DE)
Corresponding author
Schulz, R
Venue
Cardiovascular Research
Published
2004-02-15
Volume
61
Issue
3
Pages
402-413
ISSN
0008-6363 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2119416582
Cited by
462
References
139
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 20
FWCI
10.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cardiovascular Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Keywords
nitric oxide, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, ischemic preconditioning, nitric oxide synthase isoforms, statins, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, dexamethasone, nitric oxide synthase inhibition
MeSH terms
Animals, Hypoxia, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Mammals, Myocardial Contraction, Nitric Oxide, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, Apoptosis, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Nitric Oxide Donors, Models, Animal, Myocytes, Cardiac

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