Reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide catalyzed by xanthine oxidoreductase
Open accessAbstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) was shown to catalyze the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide (NO), under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of either NADH or xanthine as reducing substrate. NO production was directly demonstrated by ozone chemiluminescence and showed stoichiometry of approximately 2:1 versus NADH depletion. With xanthine as reducing substrate, the kinetics of NO production were complicated by enzyme inactivation, resulting from NO-induced conversion of XO to its relatively inactive desulfo-form. Steady-state kinetic parameters were determined spectrophotometrically for urate production and NADH oxidation catalyzed by XO and xanthine dehydrogenase in the presence of nitrite under anaerobic conditions. pH optima for anaerobic NO production catalyzed by XO in the presence of nitrite were 7.0 for NADH and </=6.0 for xanthine. Involvement of the molybdenum site of XO in nitrite reduction was shown by the fact that alloxanthine inhibits xanthine oxidation competitively with nitrite. Strong preference for Mo=S over Mo=O was shown by the relatively very low NADH-nitrite reductase activity shown by desulfo-enzyme. The FAD site of XO was shown not to influence nitrite reduction in the presence of xanthine, although it was clearly involved when NADH was the reducing substrate. Apparent production of NO decreased with increasing oxygen tensions, consistent with reaction of NO with XO-generated superoxide. It is proposed that XO-derived NO fulfills a bactericidal role in the digestive tract.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Xanthine oxidoreductase reduces inorganic nitrate and nitrite under low oxygen tension as occurs in ischemia.
“In addition to its role in purine catabolism and in reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been identified to reduce inorganic nitrate and nitrite under low oxygen tension as it occurs in ischemia.84 -86”
From Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway: Implications for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (2010) · cites this paper as [84]
Xanthine oxidase may catalytically reduce nitrite back to NO under several circumstances.
“However, XO may also catalytically reduce nitrite back to NO under several circumstances [90, 100, 101].”
From Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions (2011) · cites this paper as [100]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology.
Moncada, S., Palmer, R. M., & Higgs, E. A. (1991) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)06663-3 · Cited by 15,525 · see citing works
Beckman, J. S., Beckman, T. W., Chen, J., Marshall, P. A., & Freeman, B. A. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.4.1620 · Cited by 7,029 · see citing works
Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly
Beckman, J. S., & Koppenol, W. H. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.5.c1424 · Cited by 5,513 · see citing works
Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals in Postischemic Tissue Injury
Epstein, F. H., & McCord, J. M. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198501173120305 · Cited by 5,399 · see citing works
The determination of enzyme inhibitor constants
Dixon, M. (1953) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0550170 · Cited by 4,066 · see citing works
Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases
Fridovich, I. (1995) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.000525 · Cited by 3,455 · see citing works
Nitric oxide synthases in mammals
Knowles, R. G., & Moncada, S. (1994) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2980249 · Cited by 2,752 · see citing works
Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox-activated forms
Stamler, J. S., Singel, D. J., & Loscalzo, J. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1281928 · Cited by 2,744 · see citing works
Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production.
Ohara, Y., Peterson, T. E., & Harrison, D. G. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116491 · Cited by 1,765 · see citing works
Redox signaling: Nitrosylation and related target interactions of nitric oxide
Stamler, J. S. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90269-0 · Cited by 1,723 · see citing works
Fang, F. C. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119473 · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
THE EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS OF THE REDUCED BAND OF PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDES
Horecker, B. L., & Kornberg, A. (1948) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)57268-9 · Cited by 1,128 · see citing works
Cornish-Bowden, A. J. (1974) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1370143 · Cited by 944 · see citing works
Duncan, C., Dougall, H., Johnston, P., Green, S., Brogan, R., Leifert, C., Smith, L., Golden, M., & Benjamin, N. (1995) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0695-546 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Farrell, A. J., Blake, D. R., Palmer, R. M. J., & Moncada, S. (1992) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.51.11.1219 · Cited by 717 · see citing works
Self-citationSuperoxide and peroxynitrite inatherosclerosis.
White, C. R., Brock, T. A., Chang, L. Y., Crapo, J. D., BRISCOE, P. M., Ku, D. D., Bradley, W. A., Gianturco, S. H., Gore, J. Z., & Freeman, B. Α. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.3.1044 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Benjamin, N., O'Driscoll, F., Dougall, H., Duncan, C., Smith, L., Golden, M., & McKenzie, H. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/368502a0 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Millar, T. M., Stevens, C. R., Benjamin, N., Eisenthal, R., Harrison, R., & Blake, D. R. (1998) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00430-x · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Self-citationLocalization of xanthine oxidase in mammary-gland epithelium and capillary endothelium
Jarasch, E.-D., Gründ, C., Bruder, G., Heid, H., Keenan, T. W., & Franke, W. W. (1981) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(81)90232-4 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
The reaction of NO· with O2·− and HO2·−: A pulse radiolysis study
Goldstein, S., & Czapski, G. (1995) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(95)00034-u · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Patton, S., & Keenan, T. W. (1975) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0304-4157(75)90011-8 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Massey, V., Komai, H., Palmer, G., & Elion, G. B. (1970) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63065-0 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
On the Mechanism of Inactivation of Xanthine Oxidase by Cyanide
Massey, V., & Edmondson, D. E. (1970) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62575-x · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Metabolic fate of L-arginine in relation to microbiostatic capability of murine macrophages.
Granger, D. L., Hibbs, J. B., Perfect, J. R., & Durack, D. T. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114422 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Binding of Xanthine Oxidase to Vascular Endothelium
Houston, M., Estévez, Á. G., Chumley, P. H., Aslan, M., Marklund, S. L., Parks, D. A., & Freeman, B. Α. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.8.4985 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
The Preparation and Properties of Deflavo Xanthine Oxidase
Komai, H., Massey, V., & Palmer, G. (1969) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)91739-4 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Naughton, D., Winyard, P. G., Benjamin, N., Blake, D. R., & Symons, M. C. R. (1998) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9226 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-citationReactive oxygen species as cellular messengers
Khan, A. U., & Wilson, T. (1995) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/1074-5521(95)90259-7 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Binding of human xanthine oxidase to sulphated glycosaminoglycans on the endothelial-cell surface
Adachi, T., Fukushima, T., Usami, Y., & Hirano, K. (1993) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2890523 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Cole, J. (1996) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08017.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Fridovich, I., & Handler, P. (1962) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60393-x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Regulation of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase during Hypoxia
Arnet, U. A., McMillan, A., DINERMAN, J. L., Ballermann, B. J., & Lowenstein, C. J. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.25.15069 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
6 Molybdenum Iron-Sulfur Flauin Hydroxylases and Related Enzymes
Bray, R. C. (1975) · The Enzymes · doi:10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60229-2 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Role for the Salmonella Flavohemoglobin in Protection from Nitric Oxide
Crawford, M. J., & Goldberg, D. E. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.20.12543 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
NADH Oxidase Activity of Human Xanthine Oxidoreductase
Sanders, S. A., Eisenthal, R., & Harrison, R. (1997) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00541.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, S. O., Orii, Y., Lloyd, D., Hughes, M., & Poole, R. K. (1999) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00157-x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The inorganic biochemistry of molybdoenzymes
Bray, R. C. (1988) · Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics · doi:10.1017/s0033583500004479 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Involvement of phenyl radicals in iodonium inhibition of flavoenzymes.
O’Donnell, V. B., Smith, G. C., & Jones, O. T. (1994) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09813-x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Evidence for the inorganic nature of the cyanolyzable sulfur of molybdenum hydroxylases.
Wahl, R. C., & Rajagopalan, K. V. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68199-8 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Swain, J., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1995) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)00726-p · Cited by 136 · see citing works
MECHANISMS OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL INJURY IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Varani, J., & Ward, P. A. (1994) · Shock · doi:10.1097/00024382-199411000-00001 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Bulkley, G. B. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92276-4 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Radí, R., Rubbo, H., Bush, K., & Freeman, B. Α. (1997) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.9844 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Escherichia Coli: Mechanisms of Virulence
Symonds, J. (1997) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689709000816 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Antioxidants, Redox-Regulated Transcription Factors, and Inflammation
Winyard, P. G., & Blake, D. R. (1996) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60993-x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationRobins, R. K., Revankar, G. R., O'Brien, D. E., et al. (1985) · Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jhet.5570220303 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Purification and properties of milk xanthine dehydrogenase.
Hunt, J., & Massey, V. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)36634-7 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Farrell, A. J., & Blake, D. R. (1996) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.55.1.7 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationPorras, A. G., & Palmer, G. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33807-9 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase and Xanthine Dehydrogenase by Nitric Oxide
Ichimori, K., Fukahori, M., Nakazawa, H. K., Okamoto, K., & Nishino, T. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.12.7763 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Nark is a nitrite‐extrusion system involved in anaerobic nitrate respiration by Escherichia coli
Rowe, J. J., Ubbink-Kok, T., Douwe Molenaar, B., Konings, W. N., & Driessen, A. J. M. (1994) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01044.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Miesel, R., & Zuber, M. A. (1993) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/bf00914193 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Kooij, A., Schiller, H. J., Schijns, M., Noorden, C. J. F. V., & Frederiks, W. M. (1994) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840190626 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Avis, P. G., Bergel, F., & Bray, R. C. (1956) · Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) · doi:10.1039/jr9560001219 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
NarK enhances nitrate uptake and nitrite excretion in Escherichia coli
DeMoss, J. A., & Hsu, P. Y. (1991) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.173.11.3303-3310.1991 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Rouquette, M., Page, S., Bryant, R., Benboubetra, M., Stevens, C. R., Blake, D. R., Whish, W. D., Harrison, R., & Tosh, D. (1998) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00385-8 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationDykhuizen, D. E., & Hartl, D. L. (1981) · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Potentiation of Nitric Oxide--Mediated Vasorelaxation by Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
Miyamoto, Y., Akaike, T., Yoshida, M., Goto, S., Horie, H., & Maeda, H. (1996) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-211-43982 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Identification of Uric Acid in AorticAneurysms and Atherosclerotic Artery
Patetsios, P., Rodino, W., Wisselink, W., et al. (1996) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33318.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The heparin binding site of human extracellular-superoxide dismutase
Adachi, T., Kodera, T., Ohta, H., et al. (1992) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90654-f · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Endothelin-1-evoked arachidonic acid release: a Ca(2+)-dependent pathway
Wu-Wong, J. R., Dayton, B. D., & Opgenorth, T. J. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.3.c869 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Determination of human plasma xanthine oxidase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography
Yamamoto, T., Moriwaki, Y., Takahashi, S., Tsutsumi, Z., Yamakita, J.-I., Nasako, Y., Hiroishi, K., & Higashino, K. (1996) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/0378-4347(96)00071-0 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
High levels of xanthine oxidoreductase in rat endothelial, epithelial and connective tissue cells
Kooij, A., Bosch, K. S., Frederiks, W. M., & Noorden, C. J. F. V. (1992) · Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Including Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1007/bf02899676 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Briley, M., & Eisenthal, R. (1975) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1470417 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationFurther Studies with Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
Westerfeld, W. W., Richert, D. A., & Higgins, E. S. (1959) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69945-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Mohácsi, A., Kozlovszky, B., Kiss, I., Seres, I., & Fülöp, T. (1996) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/0925-4439(96)00027-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Vickers, S. M., Schiller, H. J., Hildreth, J. E. K., & Bulkley, G. B. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Vickers, S., Schiller, H. J., Hildreth, J. E. K., & Bulkley, G. B. (1998) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0039-6060(98)70102-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Shamma'a, M. H., Nasrallah, S. M., & Al-Khalidi, U. A. S. (1973) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01072233 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ultrastructural localization of xanthine oxidase activity in the digestive tract of the rat.
Munckhof, R. J. M. V. D., Vreeling‐Sindelárová, H., Schellens, J. P. M., Noorden, C. J. F. V., & Frederiks, W. M. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Dixon, M., & Thurlow, S. (1924) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0180989 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ultrastructural localization of xanthine oxidase activity in the digestive tract of the rat
Munckhof, R. J. M. V. D., Vreeling-Sindelárová, H., Schellens, J. P. M., Noorden, C. J. F. V., & Frederiks, W. M. (1995) · The Histochemical Journal · doi:10.1007/bf00173844 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The nitrate reductase activity of milk xanthine oxidase.
Ns, S., Ananiadi, L. I., Np, L., & Kretovich, W. L. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Antibodies to xanthine oxidase: elevated levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Harrison, R. A., Benboubetra, M., Bryson, S. H., et al. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Bray, R. C. (1975) in The Enzymes (Boyer, P. D., ed) Vol. 12, 3rd Ed., pp. 299 -420, Academic Press, New York
- Robins, R. K., Revanker, G. R., O'Brein, D. E., Springer, R. H., Novinson, T., Albert, A., Senga, K., Miller, J. P., and Streeter, D. G. (1985) J. Hetercyclic Chem. 22, 601-634
- Miyamoto, Y., Akaike, T., Yoshida, M., Goto, S., Horie, H., and Maeda, H. (1996) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 211, 366 -373
- White, C. R., Brock, T. A., Chang, L-Y., Crapo, J., Briscoe, P., Ku, D., Bradley, W. A., Gianturco, S. H., Gore, J., Freeman, B. A., and Tarpey, M. M. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 1044 -1048
- Beckman, J. S., Beckman, T. W., Chen, J., Marshall, P. A., and Freeman, B. A. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87, 1620 -1624
- Beckman, J. S., Beckman, T. W., Chen, J., Marshall, P. A., and Freeman, B. A. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87, 1620 -1624
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics
Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., & Gladwin, M. T. (2008) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2466 · Cited by 2,739 · see citing works
Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation
Cosby, K., Partovi, K. S., Crawford, J. H., Patel, R. P., Reiter, C. D., Martyr, S., Yang, B. K., Waclawiw, M. A., Zalos, G., Xu, X., et al. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm954 · Cited by 1,807 · see citing works
The mononuclear molybdenum enzymes
Hille, R., Hall, J., & Basu, P. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400443z · Cited by 1,738 · see citing works
Pacher, P., Nivorozhkin, A., & Szabó, C. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.1.6 · Cited by 1,218 · see citing works
Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease
Sugamura, K., & Keaney (2011) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.004 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Nitrate, bacteria and human health
Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., Cole, J. A., & Benjamin, N. (2004) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro929 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Cytoprotective effects of nitrite during in vivo ischemia-reperfusion of the heart and liver
Duranski, M. R., Greer, J. J. M., Dejam, A., Jaganmohan, S., Hogg, N., Langston, W., Patel, R. P., Yet, S.-F., Wang, X., Kevil, C. G., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci22493 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Webb, A., Bond, R., McLean, P., Uppal, R., Benjamin, N., & Ahluwalia, A. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0402927101 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation
Tejero, J., Shiva, S., & Gladwin, M. T. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00036.2017 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Schulz, R. (2004) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.09.019 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Nitrite as Regulator of Hypoxic Signaling in Mammalian Physiology
van Faassen, E. E., Bahrami, S., Feelisch, M., Hogg, N., Kelm, M., Kim‐Shapiro, D. B., Kozlov, A. V., Li, H., Lundberg, J. O., Mason, R., et al. (2009) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.20151 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Maia, L. B., & Moura, J. J. G. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400518y · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Fukuto, J. M., Carrington, S. J., Tantillo, D. J., Harrison, J. G., Ignarro, L. J., Freeman, B. A., Chen, A., & Wink, D. A. (2012) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx2005234 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Lidder, S., & Webb, A. J. (2013) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04420.x · Cited by 360 · see citing works
NO Generation From Nitrite and Its Role in Vascular Control
Lundberg, J. O., & Weitzberg, E. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000161048.72004.c2 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Gladwin, M. T., Raat, N. J. H., Shiva, S., Dezfulian, C., Hogg, N., Kim-Shapiro, D. B., & Patel, R. P. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00407.2006 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Cannon, R. O., Schechter, A. N., Panza, J. A., Ognibene, F. P., Pease-Fye, M. E., Waclawiw, M. A., Shelhamer, J. H., & Gladwin, M. T. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200112761 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Characterization of the Magnitude and Kinetics of Xanthine Oxidase-catalyzed Nitrite Reduction
Li, H., Samouilov, A., Liu, X., & Zweier, J. L. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m011648200 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Nitrite in nitric oxide biology: Cause or consequence?
Bryan, N. S. (2006) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.05.019 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Cantu-Medellin, N., & Kelley, E. E. (2013) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2013.05.002 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Fructose Intake, Serum Uric Acid, and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Critical Review
Caliceti, C., Calabria, D., Roda, A., & Cicero, A. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9040395 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
The chemistry of cell signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and 4-hydroxynonenal
Forman, H. J., Fukuto, J. M., Miller, T., Zhang, H., Rinna, A., & Levy, S. (2008) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2008.06.011 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Tripatara, P., Patel, N. S. A., Webb, A., Rathod, K., Lecomte, F. M. J., Mazzon, E., Cuzzocrea, S., Yaqoob, M. M., Ahluwalia, A., & Thiemermann, C. (2007) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2006050450 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Ghosh, S. M., Kapil, V., Fuentes-Calvo, I., Bubb, K. J., Pearl, V., Milsom, A. B., Khambata, R., Maleki-Toyserkani, S., Yousuf, M., Benjamin, N., et al. (2013) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00933 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Chemical nature of nitric oxide storage forms in rat vascular tissue
Rodriguez, J., Maloney, R. E., Rassaf, T., Bryan, N. S., & Feelisch, M. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0234600100 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Webb, A. J., Milsom, A. B., Rathod, K. S., Chu, W. L., Qureshi, S., Lovell, M. J., Lecomte, F. M. J., Perrett, D., Raimondo, C., Khoshbin, E., et al. (2008) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.108.175810 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Role of the anion nitrite in ischemia-reperfusion cytoprotection and therapeutics
DEZFULIAN, C., RAAT, N., SHIVA, S., & GLADWIN, M. (2007) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.05.001 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Cortese-Krott, M. M., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Sansone, R., Kuhnle, G. G. C., Thasian-Sivarajah, S., Krenz, T., Horn, P., Krisp, C., Wolters, D., Heiß, C., et al. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-07-442277 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Li, H., Samouilov, A., Liu, X., & Zweier, J. L. (2003) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi026385a · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Therapeutic effects of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases
Omar, S. A., Webb, A. J., Lundberg, J. O., & Weitzberg, E. (2016) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12441 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
NO generation from inorganic nitrate and nitrite: Role in physiology, nutrition and therapeutics
Lundberg, J. O., & Weitzberg, E. (2009) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/s12272-009-1803-z · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Characterization of the effects of oxygen on xanthine oxidase-mediated nitric oxide formation
Li, H., Samouilov, A., Liu, X., & Zweier, J. L. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m314336200 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway: Implications for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Weitzberg, E., Hezel, M., Lundberg, J. O., & Warner, D. S. (2010) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181fcf3cc · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Baker, J. E., Su, J., Fu, X., Hsu, A., Gross, G. J., Tweddell, J. S., & Hogg, N. (2007) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.07.057 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Li, H., Hemann, C., Abdelghany, T. M., El-Mahdy, M. A., & Zweier, J. L. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.342378 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Mechanisms of nitrite reduction to nitric oxide in the heart and vessel wall
Zweier, J. L., Li, H., Samouilov, A., & Liu, X. (2010) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2009.12.004 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Nitrite Reduction and Cardiovascular Protection
Omar, S. A., & Webb, A. J. (2014) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.012 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions
Kevil, C. G., Kolluru, G. K., Pattillo, C. B., & Giordano, T. (2011) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.042 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Novel Aspects of Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone
Villar, I. C., Francis, S., Webb, A., Hobbs, A. J., & Ahluwalia, A. (2006) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5001680 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Heme proteins mediate the conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide in the vascular wall
Alzawahra, W. F., Talukder, M. A. H., Liu, X., Samouilov, A., & Zweier, J. L. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00374.2008 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Bonini, M. G., Miyamoto, S., Mascio, P. D., & Augusto, O. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m406929200 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Zhu, S.-G., Kukreja, R. C., Das, A., Chen, Q., Lesnefsky, E. J., & Xi, L. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.024 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Al-Shehri, S. S., Duley, J. A., & Bansal, N. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101524 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Effect of Blood Nitrite and Nitrate Levels on Murine Platelet Function
Park, J. W., Piknova, B., Huang, P. L., Noguchi, C. T., & Schechter, A. N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055699 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Nitrite reduction by xanthine oxidase family enzymes: a new class of nitrite reductases
Maia, L. B., & Moura, J. J. G. (2011) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-010-0741-z · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Effects of sodium nitrite on ischemia–reperfusion injury in the rat kidney
Basireddy, M., Isbell, T. S., Teng, X., Patel, R. P., & Agarwal, A. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00334.2005 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ingram, T. E., Fraser, A. G., Bleasdale, R. A., Ellins, E. A., Margulescu, A. D., Halcox, J. P., & James, P. E. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.03.050 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Rassaf, T., Ferdinandy, P., & Schulz, R. (2014) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12291 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Role of the Red Blood Cell in Nitric Oxide Homeostasis and Hypoxic Vasodilation
Gladwin, M. T. (2007) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-34817-9_17 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Frérart, F., Sonveaux, P., Rath, G., Smoos, A., Meqor, A., Charlier, N., Jordan, B. F., Saliez, J., Noël, A., Dessy, C., et al. (2008) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Formation of nitric oxide from nitrous acid in ischemic tissue and skin
Butler, A. R., & Ridd, J. H. (2004) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2004.01.004 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hemoglobin as a Nitrite Reductase Regulating Red Cell–Dependent Hypoxic Vasodilation
Gladwin, M. T. (2005) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.f294 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Red Blood Cell Membrane-Facilitated Release of Nitrite-Derived Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
Salgado, M. T., Cao, Z., Nagababu, E., Mohanty, J. G., & Rifkind, J. M. (2015) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00643 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Vavra, A. K., Havelka, G. E., Martinez, J., Lee, V. R., Fu, B., Jiang, Q., Keefer, L. K., & Kibbe, M. R. (2011) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2011.04.013 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Nitric oxide and nitrite-based therapeutic opportunities in intimal hyperplasia
Alef, M. J., Tzeng, E., & Zuckerbraun, B. S. (2012) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2012.03.014 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Nitrite-Dependent Nitric Oxide Production Pathway: Diversity of NO Production Systems
Yamasaki, H., Watanabe, N. S., Fukuto, J., & Cohen, M. F. (2014) · Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0679-6_3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Godber, B. L. J., Doel, J. J., Sapkota, G. P., Blake, D. R., Stevens, C. R., Eisenthal, R., & Harrison, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Bath (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Harrison, Roger
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 275
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 7757-7763
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2099094190
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 7.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- University of Bath
- University of Birmingham
- Cardiff University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- xanthine oxidase, nitrite reduction, nitric oxide production, NADH, xanthine, enzyme inactivation, xanthine dehydrogenase, superoxide, anaerobic conditions, enzyme kinetics, pH optimum, oxygen partial pressure, bactericidal activity, gastrointestinal tract
- MeSH terms
- Anaerobiosis, Animals, Biphenyl Compounds, Cattle, Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide, Flavoproteins, Kinetics, Metalloproteins, Milk, Molybdenum, NAD, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Onium Compounds, Oxidation-Reduction, Xanthine Dehydrogenase, Xanthine Oxidase, Xanthine, Catalytic Domain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
