Aldo–keto reductases AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 may enhance progesterone metabolism in ovarian endometriosis
Abstract
Endometriosis is a very common disease that is characterized by increased formation of estradiol and disturbed progesterone action. This latter is usually explained by a lack of progesterone receptor B (PR-B) expression, while the role of pre-receptor metabolism of progesterone is not yet fully understood. In normal endometrium, progesterone is metabolized by reductive 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (20α-HSDs), 3α/β-HSDs and 5α/β-reductases. The aldo-keto reductases 1C1 and 1C3 (AKR1C1 and AKR1C3) are the major reductive 20α-HSDs, while the oxidative reaction is catalyzed by 17β-HSD type 2 (HSD17B2). Also, 3α-HSD and 3β-HSD activities have been associated with the AKR1C isozymes. Additionally, 5α-reductase types 1 and 2 (SRD5A1, SRD5A2) and 5β-reductase (AKR1D1) are responsible for the formation of 5α- and 5β-reduced pregnanes. In this study, we examined the expression of PR-AB and the progesterone metabolizing enzymes in 31 specimens of ovarian endometriosis and 28 specimens of normal endometrium. Real-time PCR analysis revealed significantly decreased mRNA levels of PR-AB, HSD17B2 and SRD5A2, significantly increased mRNA levels of AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3 and SRD5A1, and negligible mRNA levels of AKR1D1. Immunohistochemistry staining of endometriotic tissue compared to control endometrium showed significantly lower PR-B levels in epithelial cells and no significant differences in stromal cells, there were no significant differences in the expression of AKR1C3 and significantly higher AKR1C2 levels were seen only in stromal cells. Our expression analysis data at the mRNA level and partially at the cellular level thus suggest enhanced metabolism of progesterone by SRD5A1 and the 20α-HSD and 3α/β-HSD activities of AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3.
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Significantly higher mRNA levels of AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 occur in ovarian endometriosis compared with normal endometrium from healthy women.
“Significantly higher mRNA levels of AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 were seen in ovarian endometriosis versus normal endometrium of healthy women [94].”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [94]
Immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in AKR1C2 total scores and AKR1C2 scores in stromal cells in ovarian endometriosis.
“but a significant increase was seen in AKR1C2 total scores and AKR1C2 scores in stromal cells [94].”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [94]
Immunohistochemical staining showed no significant difference in AKR1C3 between ovarian endometriosis and control endometrium.
“Immunohistochemical staining showed no significant differences in AKR1C3 in ovarian endometriosis versus control endometrium”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [94]
AKR1C3 expression increase in ovarian endometriosis was borderline significant.
“The increased expression of AKR1C3 was borderline significant in ovarian endometriosis [94].”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [94]
In a study analyzing 31 ovarian endometriomas, only a slight difference in AKR1C3 mRNA expression was observed.
“whereas in a study reporting the analysis of 31 ovarian endometrioma only a slight difference was observed ( 51 ).”
From Is intracrinology of endometriosis relevant in clinical practice? A systematic review on estrogen metabolism (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
No significant differences in AKR1C3 staining were found in ovarian endometriomas compared to endometrium of control patients.
“However, when scoring of AKR1C3 staining was performed, no significant differences in endometriosis lesions (ovarian endometriomas) compared to the endometrium of control patients were revealed ( 47 , 51 ).”
From Is intracrinology of endometriosis relevant in clinical practice? A systematic review on estrogen metabolism (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
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“In a study evaluating 24 samples of ovarian endometrioma mRNA reported a higher expression respect to controls (43), whereas in a study reporting the analysis of 31 ovarian endometrioma only a slight difference was observed (51).”
ResultN-Benzoyl anthranilic acid derivatives as selective inhibitors of aldo–keto reductase AKR1C3
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AKR1C1 Contributes to Cervical Cancer Progression via Regulating TWIST1 Expression
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Research progress of dydrogesterone in the treatment of endometriosis
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Combined Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Progesterone Metabolites
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Function, drug resistance and prognostic effect of AKR1C2 in human cancer
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SULFATION PATHWAYS: Contribution of intracrine oestrogens to the aetiology of endometriosis
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Synthesis and evaluation of AKR1C inhibitory properties of A-ring halogenated oestrone derivatives
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Medical Treatment in Endometriosis
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Molecular mechanism of cervical remodeling and progesterone action
Kuwabara, Y. (2023) · Reproductive Immunology and Biology · doi:10.3192/jsirib.38.1
- Authors
- Hevir, N., Vouk, K., Šinkovec, J., Ribič-Pucelj, M., & Lanišnik Rižner, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre (SI)
- Venue
- Chemico-Biological Interactions
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 191
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 217-226
- ISSN
- 0009-2797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2098917345
- Semantic Scholar
- b9c49873c1e4939eb1712808b48ed115d762db19
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemico-Biological Interactions (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Aldose Reductase and Taurine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- endometrioma, progesterone metabolism, aldo-keto reductase, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, progesterone receptor B, 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, SRD5A1, SRD5A2, HSD17B2, 5α-reductase
- MeSH terms
- Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3, Adult, Endometriosis, Estradiol Dehydrogenases, Female, Humans, Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases, Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Membrane Proteins, Progesterone, Receptors, Progesterone, RNA, Messenger, 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase, 20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Down-Regulation, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, 3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)
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