Deoxycorticosterone inactivation by AKR1C3 in human mineralocorticoid target tissues
Abstract
Aldosterone is the principal endogenous mineralocorticoid in humans and regulates salt and water homeostasis. Cortisol, the major glucocorticoid, has high affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor; however, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 converts cortisol to the inactive steroid cortisone in aldosterone target cells of the kidney, thus limiting the mineralocorticoid action of cortisol. Deoxycorticosterone (DOC) binds to the mineralocorticocoid receptor with high affinity and circulates at concentrations comparable to aldosterone. Severe DOC excess as is seen in 17alpha- and 11beta-hydroxylase deficiencies causes hypertension, and moderate DOC overproduction in late pregnancy is associated with hypertension. Here, we demonstrate that DOC is inactivated by the 20-ketosteroid reductase activity of the human AKR1C3 isozyme. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrate that AKR1C3 is expressed in the mineralocorticoid-responsive epithelial cells of the renal cortical and medullary collecting ducts, as well as the colon. Our findings suggest that AKR1C3 protects the mineralocorticoid receptor from activation by DOC in mineralocorticoid target cells of the kidney and colon, analogous to cortisol inactivation by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2.
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AKR1C3, also called 17β-HSD type 5, is the AKR1C enzyme with the highest catalytic efficiency for reducing Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione to testosterone.
“AKR1C3, also known as 17β-HSD type 5, acts as 17-ketosteroid reductase and has the highest catalytic efficiency of the AKR1C enzymes for the reduction of Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione to form testosterone”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [30]
AKR1C3 has high catalytic efficiency for conversion of androstenedione to testosterone, which may act as substrate for aromatase, giving it an indirect role in estradiol formation.
“Concerning its roles in androgen and estrogen biosynthesis it has a very high catalytic efficiency for the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone which may finally act as a substrate for aromatase, having thus an indirect role in estradiol formation ( 49 ).”
From Is intracrinology of endometriosis relevant in clinical practice? A systematic review on estrogen metabolism (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
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“Concerning its roles in androgen and estrogen biosynthesis it has a very high catalytic efficiency for the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone which may finally act as a substrate for aromatase, having thus an indirect role in estradiol formation (49).”
Background
- Authors
- Sharma, K. K., Lindqvist, A., Zhou, X. J., Auchus, R. J., Penning, T. M., & Andersson, S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Andersson, Stefan
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 248
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 79-86
- ISSN
- 0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026352933
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA90477)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK59942, R21DK059942)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-11149)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Aldose Reductase and Taurine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Keywords
- deoxycorticosterone, AKR1C3, mineralocorticoid receptor, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, cortisol, aldosterone, colon, hypertension, 17-hydroxylase deficiency, 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency, pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3, Cells, Cultured, Colon, Desoxycorticosterone, Epithelial Cells, Female, Humans, Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases, Kidney, Mineralocorticoids, Steroids, 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Receptors, Mineralocorticoid
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