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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Correlation Between Hyperandrogenism, Insulin Resistance and Obesity.
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous endocrine disease characterized by clinical or laboratorial hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, excessive weight or obesity, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The most significant clinical manifestation of PCOS is hyperandrogenism. Excess androgen profoundly affects granulosa cell function and follicular development via complex mechanisms that lead to obesity and insulin resistance. Most PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism have steroid secretion defects that result in abnormal folliculogenesis and failed dominant follicle selection. Hyperandrogenism induces obesity, hairy, acne, and androgenetic alopecia. These symptoms can bring great psychological stress to women. Drugs such as combined oral contraceptive pills, metformin, pioglitazone and low-dose spironolactone help improve pregnancy rates by decreasing androgen levels in vivo. Notably, PCOS is heterogeneous, and hyperandrogenism is not the only pathogenic factor. Obesity and insulin resistance aggravate the symptoms of hyperandrogenism, forming a vicious cycle that promotes PCOS development. Although numerous studies have been conducted, the definitive pathogenic mechanisms of PCOS remain uncertain. This review summarizes and discusses previous and recent findings regarding the relationship between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity and PCOS.
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“Women with PCOS are also at higher risk for metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease [6].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zeng, X., Xie, Y.-J., Liu, Y.-T., Long, S.-L., & Mo, Z.-C.
- Affiliations
- University of South China (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Long, Shuang-lian
- ORCID
- Zeng, Xin
- Venue
- Clinica Chimica Acta
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 502
- Pages
- 214-221
- ISSN
- 0009-8981 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2987017313
- Cited by
- 525
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 108 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 16
- FWCI
- 5.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinica Chimica Acta (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences Foundation of Hunan Province (2017JJ2233)
- Key Lab for Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine of Hengyang City (2017KJ182)
- University of South China (2018XJXZ373)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, androgenetic alopecia, acne, oligoanovulation, folliculogenesis, dominant follicle selection, metformin, spironolactone, pioglitazone, oral contraceptives, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Pioglitazone, Androgens, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin Resistance, Metformin, Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Spironolactone, Hyperandrogenism
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