Investigation of common risk factors between polycystic ovary syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative review
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Abstract
Background: The most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in premenopausal women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and/or ultrasound evidence of small ovarian cysts. Obesity and insulin resistance are also the main factors influencing the clinical manifestations of this syndrome. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most typical progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, and recent studies suggest a relationship between endocrinal dysregulation and neuronal loss during AD pathology. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the common risk factors for Alzheimer’s and PCOS based on previous studies. Knowing the common risk factors and eliminating them may prevent neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s disease in the future. Method: In this narrative review, international databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and the Web of Science, were searched to retrieve the relevant studies. The relevant studies’ summaries were categorized to discuss the possible pathways that may explain the association between Alzheimer’s and PCOS signs/symptoms and complications. Results: According to our research, the factors involved in Alzheimer’s and PCOS disorders may share some common risk factors. In patients with PCOS, increased LH to FSH ratio, decreased vitamin D, insulin resistance, and obesity are some of the most important factors that may increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
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The study used separate coding for hypertension, myocardial infarction, and CVD, whereas other epidemiologic studies often combine these within one definition of CVD.
“For example, we used separate coding for hypertension, myocardial infarction, and CVD, whereas in other epidemiologic studies, these are often combined within one definition of CVD.18,51, 52, 53,139”
From Increased Prevalence of Adverse Health Outcomes Across the Lifespan in Those Affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Canadian Population Cohort (2024) · cites this paper as [139]
The citing authors’ separate coding is their own method, not a finding attributed to this source. The cited review’s Methods describe a literature search, and its Results discuss metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, but no passage addresses whether epidemiologic studies combine hypertension, myocardial infarction, and CVD into one definition. Searches for those conditions and for CVD coding found no relevant passage; page numbers were unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe study used validated ICD coding for diseases using the Charlson Comorbidity Index and specific ICD codes for disease.
“We used validated ICD coding for diseases using the Charlson Comorbidity Index and specific ICD codes for disease.”
From Increased Prevalence of Adverse Health Outcomes Across the Lifespan in Those Affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Canadian Population Cohort (2024) · cites this paper as [139]
The Methods section describes a literature search and selection of studies for a narrative review. Our copy does not address validated ICD coding, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, or disease-specific ICD codes; searches for those terms found no relevant passage. The citing sentence describes the citing authors’ own methods, which this source cannot verify. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Peripheral inflammation could be a prodromal indicator of dementia
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Kv1.3 inhibition shows therapeutic potential in animal models of ischaemic stroke
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Luteinizing Hormone Deficiency
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
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“138”
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Analyzing the Impact of FSHR Variants on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome—a Case-Control Study in Punjab
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A non-canonical androgen signaling pathway drives microglial activation and tau pathology in femalesPreprint
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- Authors
- Sarahian, N., Sarvazad, H., Sajadi, E., Rahnejat, N., & Eskandari Roozbahani, N.
- Affiliations
- Shahid Beheshti University (IR)
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Shiraz University (IR)
- Venue
- Reproductive Health
- Published
- 2021-07-26
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 156-156
- ISSN
- 1742-4755 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8314638
- OpenAlex
- W3186422250
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Reproductive Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, shared risk factors, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperandrogenism, vitamin D deficiency, neurodegeneration, endocrine dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Anovulation, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Risk Factors, Hyperandrogenism
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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