Global burden of polycystic ovary syndrome among women of childbearing age, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis using the global burden of disease study 2021
Open accessAbstract
Background: The escalating global incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) necessitates a thorough examination of its epidemiological trends and sociodemographic correlations. Our study bridges this gap by analyzing the global impact of PCOS among women of childbearing age (WCBA) from 1990 to 2021, aiming to inform strategies for enhanced prevention and management. Methods: We extracted data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), focusing on the burden of PCOS among women aged 15–49 years. We assessed incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) trends using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and explored the link between PCOS burden and sociodemographic index (SDI). Results: In 2021, the prevalence cases of PCOS worldwide were 65.77 million, the incidence cases were 1,175.07 thousand, and the DALYs cases were 576.05 thousand. Compared with 1990, the percentage changes were 89, 49, and 87%, respectively. The EAPCs indicated upward trends in prevalence and DALYs rates, with a less pronounced increase in incidence rates. The middle SDI region had the highest PCOS case numbers, and the 45–49 age group in this region experienced the most significant burden increase. A strong positive correlation existed between PCOS prevalent rates and SDI ( r = 0.582, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The global burden of PCOS among WCBA has significantly increased over the past three decades, particularly in the 45–49 age group in middle SDI regions. The correlation between PCOS prevalent rates and SDI highlights the role of socio-economic factors in PCOS epidemiology. Tailored prevention and management strategies are crucial for reducing the global burden of PCOS and improving female health outcomes.
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The prevalence of PCOS in this cohort (approximately 29%) is equivalent to the prevalence reported in India and Bangladesh (ranging between 20% and 33% based on the criterion used).
“The prevalence of approximately 29% of this cohort is equivalent to the prevalence reported in India and Bangladesh (ranging between 20% and 33% based on the criterion used [4]) is.”
From Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome in Reproductive-Aged Women: A Cross-Sectional Study (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
The Discussion (page not available) says PCOS prevalence varies with diagnostic criteria, supporting that part of the cited statement. It does not report a 20%–33% prevalence range for India and Bangladesh, so the country-specific comparison with this cohort is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Meng, Y., Zhao, T., Zhang, R., Zhu, X., Ma, C., & Shi, Q.
- Affiliations
- Jiading District Central Hospital (CN)
- Weifang Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ma, Chao
- Shi, Qin
- Venue
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2025-03-26
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 1514250-1514250
- ISSN
- 2296-2565 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11979288
- OpenAlex
- W4408841161
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 16
- FWCI
- 37.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, women of reproductive age, global burden of disease, disability-adjusted life years, prevalence trends, incidence trends, socio-demographic index, socioeconomic factors, reproductive health
- MeSH terms
- Global Burden of Disease, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Socioeconomic Factors, Global Health, Incidence, Prevalence, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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