High Fat Diet and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Adolescence: An Overview of Nutritional Strategies
Open accessAbstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted and heterogeneous disorder, linked with notable reproductive, metabolic, and psychological outcomes. During adolescence, key components of PCOS treatment involve weight loss achieved through lifestyle and dietary interventions, subsequently pursued by pharmacological or surgical therapies. Nutritional interventions represent the first-line therapeutic approach in adolescents affected by PCOS, but different kinds of dietary protocols exist, so it is necessary to clarify the effectiveness and benefits of the most well-known nutritional approaches. We provided a comprehensive review of the current literature concerning PCOS definition, pathophysiology, and treatment options, highlighting nutritional strategies, particularly those related to high-fat diets. The high-fat nutritional protocols proposed in the literature, such as the ketogenic diet (KD), appear to provide benefits to patients with PCOS in terms of weight loss and control of metabolic parameters. Among the different types of KD studies, very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD), can be considered an effective dietary intervention for the short-term treatment of patients with PCOS. It rapidly leads to weight loss alongside improvements in body composition and metabolic profile. Even though extremely advantageous, long-term adherence to the KD is a limiting factor. Indeed, this dietary regimen could become unsustainable due to the important restrictions required for ketosis development. Thus, a combination of high-fat diets with more nutrient-rich nutritional regimens, such as the Mediterranean diet, can amplify positive effects for individuals with PCOS.
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Omega-3s in a keto or Mediterranean eating plan are connected to body fat reduction and higher insulin sensitivity.
“Omega-3s, embedded in the environment of a keto or Mediterranean eating plan, have been connected to body fat reduction and higher insulin sensitivity, which are the main aspects of PCOS treatment [71].”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [71]
Section 4 (page not available in our copy) associates omega-3 fatty acids with improved insulin resistance. Section 5 reports reduced fat mass and improved insulin resistance with ketogenic and Mediterranean-ketogenic diets, but does not attribute the fat-mass reduction specifically to omega-3s. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Calcaterra, V., Magenes, V. C., Massini, G., De Sanctis, L., Fabiano, V., & Zuccotti, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Ospedale dei Bambini Vittore Buzzi (IT)
- Ospedale Regina Margherita (IT)
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, 10131 Torino, Italy
- University of Milan (IT)
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-03-24
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 938
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11013055
- OpenAlex
- W4393142145
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Union-NextGenerationEU (PE00000003, CUP D93C22000890001, 101128946-EU4H-2022-PJ-3, 20228pnnjl)
- Italian Ministry of University and Research (PE00000003, CUP D93C22000890001, 101128946-EU4H-2022-PJ-3, 20228pnnjl)
- European Commission (PE00000003, CUP D93C22000890001, 101128946-EU4H-2022-PJ-3, 20228pnnjl)
- PRIN (PE00000003, CUP D93C22000890001, 101128946-EU4H-2022-PJ-3, 20228pnnjl)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, adolescence, high-fat diet, ketogenic diet, very low-calorie ketogenic diet, weight loss, dietary intervention, Mediterranean diet, metabolic parameters, body composition, dietary adherence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Weight Loss, Diet, Ketogenic, Diet, High-Fat
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