The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype
Open accessAbstract
Tumors are stiffer than normal tissue, and tumors have altered integrins. Because integrins are mechanotransducers that regulate cell fate, we asked whether tissue stiffness could promote malignant behavior by modulating integrins. We found that tumors are rigid because they have a stiff stroma and elevated Rho-dependent cytoskeletal tension that drives focal adhesions, disrupts adherens junctions, perturbs tissue polarity, enhances growth, and hinders lumen formation. Matrix stiffness perturbs epithelial morphogenesis by clustering integrins to enhance ERK activation and increase ROCK-generated contractility and focal adhesions. Contractile, EGF-transformed epithelia with elevated ERK and Rho activity could be phenotypically reverted to tissues lacking focal adhesions if Rho-generated contractility or ERK activity was decreased. Thus, ERK and Rho constitute part of an integrated mechanoregulatory circuit linking matrix stiffness to cytoskeletal tension through integrins to regulate tissue phenotype.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Increased tissue stiffness triggers prosurvival and proproliferation signalling in cancer cells99.”
From A framework for advancing our understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts (2020) · cites this paper as [99]
Citations
Cites
Effects of substrate stiffness on cell morphology, cytoskeletal structure, and adhesion
Yeung, T., Georges, P. C., Flanagan, L. A., Marg, B., Ortiz, M., Funaki, M., Zahir, N., Ming, W., Weaver, V., & Janmey, P. A. (2005) · Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/cm.20041 · Cited by 2,325
Self-citationMyotubes differentiate optimally on substrates with tissue-like stiffness
Engler, A. J., Griffin, M. A., Sen, S., Bönnemann, C. G., Sweeney, H. L., & Discher, D. E. (2004) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200405004 · Cited by 1,743
Cancer cells compress intratumour vessels
Padera, T. P., Stoll, B. R., Tooredman, J. B., Capen, D., Tomaso, E. D., & Jain, R. K. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/427695a · Cited by 857
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 48
- Akiri, 2003, Lysyl oxidase-related protein-1 promotes tumor fibrosis and tumor progression in vivo, Cancer Res., 63, 1657
- Arias-Salgado, 2003, Src kinase activation by direct interaction with the integrin β cytoplasmic domain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 13298, 10.1073/pnas.2336149100 · DOI
- Azar, 2001, A deformable finite element model of the breast for predicting mechanical deformations under external perturbations, Acad. Radiol., 8, 965, 10.1016/S1076-6332(03)80640-2 · DOI
- Beil, 2003, Sphingosylphosphorylcholine regulates keratin network architecture and visco-elastic properties of human cancer cells, Nat. Cell Biol., 5, 803, 10.1038/ncb1037 · DOI
- Bershadsky, 2003, Adhesion-dependent cell mechanosensitivity, Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol., 19, 677, 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.153011 · DOI
- Burridge, 2004, Rho and Rac take center stage, Cell, 116, 167, 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00003-0 · DOI
- Chrzanowska-Wodnicka, 1996, Rho-stimulated contractility drives the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions, J. Cell Biol., 133, 1403, 10.1083/jcb.133.6.1403 · DOI
- Colpaert, 2001, The presence of a fibrotic focus is an independent predictor of early metastasis in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients, Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 25, 1557, 10.1097/00000478-200112000-00016 · DOI
- Croft, 2004, Conditional ROCK activation in vivo induces tumor cell dissemination and angiogenesis, Cancer Res., 64, 8994, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2052 · DOI
- Debnath, 2003, Morphogenesis and oncogenesis of MCF-10A mammary epithelial acini grown in three-dimensional basement membrane cultures, Methods, 30, 256, 10.1016/S1046-2023(03)00032-X · DOI
- Delcommenne, 1995, Control of integrin expression by extracellular matrix, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 26794, 10.1074/jbc.270.45.26794 · DOI
- Fritz, 1999, Rho GTPases are over-expressed in human tumors, Int. J. Cancer, 81, 682, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990531)81:5<682::AID-IJC2>3.0.CO;2-B · DOI
- Galbraith, 2002, The relationship between force and focal complex development, J. Cell Biol., 159, 695, 10.1083/jcb.200204153 · DOI · Paper page
- Gefen, 2003, Age-dependent changes in material properties of the brain and braincase of the rat, J. Neurotrauma, 20, 1163, 10.1089/089771503770802853 · DOI
- Guo, 2004, Integrin signalling during tumour progression, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 5, 816, 10.1038/nrm1490 · DOI
- Huang, 2004, Cell mechanics and mechanotransduction: pathways, probes, and physiology, Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 287, 1, 10.1152/ajpcell.00559.2003 · DOI
- Keller, 2003, How we are shaped: the biomechanics of gastrulation, Differentiation, 71, 171, 10.1046/j.1432-0436.2003.710301.x · DOI
- Khaled, 2004, Palpation imaging using a haptic system for virtual reality applications in medicine, Stud. Health Technol. Inform., 98, 147
- Lark, A.L., Livasy, C.A., Dressler, L., Moore, D.T., Millikan, R.C., Geradts, J., Iacocca, M., Cowan, D., Little, D., Craven, R.J., and Cance, W. (2005). High focal adhesion kinase expression in invasive breast carcinomas is associated with an aggressive phenotype. Mod Pathol., in press. Published online April 29, 2005. 10.1038/modpathol.3800424. · DOI
- Lee, 2004, Mitogenic signal transduction by integrin- and growth factor receptor-mediated pathways, Mol. Cells, 17, 188, 10.1016/S1016-8478(23)13026-3 · DOI
- Li, 2003, Activation of integrin αIIbβ3 by modulation of transmembrane helix associations, Science, 300, 795, 10.1126/science.1079441 · DOI
- Liu, 2004, Polarity and proliferation are controlled by distinct signaling pathways downstream of PI3-kinase in breast epithelial tumor cells, J. Cell Biol., 164, 603, 10.1083/jcb.200306090 · DOI
- Lo, 2000, Cell movement is guided by the rigidity of the substrate, Biophys. J., 79, 144, 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76279-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Luo, 2004, Locking the β3 integrin I-like domain into high and low affinity conformations with disulfides, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 10215, 10.1074/jbc.M312732200 · DOI
- Luo, 2005, Disrupting integrin transmembrane domain heterodimerization increases ligand binding affinity, not valency or clustering, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 3679, 10.1073/pnas.0409440102 · DOI
- McLean, 2004, Specific deletion of focal adhesion kinase suppresses tumor formation and blocks malignant progression, Genes Dev., 18, 2998, 10.1101/gad.316304 · DOI
- Moore, 2002, Control of embryonic lung branching morphogenesis by the Rho activator, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1, J. Surg. Res., 104, 95, 10.1006/jsre.2002.6418 · DOI
- Netti, 2000, Role of extracellular matrix assembly in interstitial transport in solid tumors, Cancer Res., 60, 2497
- Nicolas, 2004, Cell mechanosensitivity controls the anisotropy of focal adhesions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 12520, 10.1073/pnas.0403539101 · DOI
- O’Brien, 2001, Rac1 orientates epithelial apical polarity through effects on basolateral laminin assembly, Nat. Cell Biol., 3, 831, 10.1038/ncb0901-831 · DOI
- O’Brien, 2002, Opinion: Building epithelial architecture: insights from three-dimensional culture models, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 3, 531, 10.1038/nrm859 · DOI · Paper page
- Paszek, 2004, The tension mounts: mechanics meets morphogenesis and malignancy, J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia, 9, 325, 10.1007/s10911-004-1404-x · DOI
- Reinhart-King, 2003, Endothelial cell traction forces on RGD-derivatized polyacrylamide substrata, Langmuir, 19, 1573, 10.1021/la026142j · DOI
- Riveline, 2001, Focal contacts as mechanosensors: externally applied local mechanical force induces growth of focal contacts by an mDia1-dependent and ROCK-independent mechanism, J. Cell Biol., 153, 1175, 10.1083/jcb.153.6.1175 · DOI
- Roovers, 2003, Effects of rho kinase and actin stress fibers on sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity and activation of G(1) phase cyclin-dependent kinases, Mol. Cell. Biol., 23, 4283, 10.1128/MCB.23.12.4283-4294.2003 · DOI
- Sahai, 2002, ROCK and Dia have opposing effects on adherens junctions downstream of Rho, Nat. Cell Biol., 4, 408, 10.1038/ncb796 · DOI
- Sahai, 2001, Cross-talk between Ras and Rho signalling pathways in transformation favours proliferation and increased motility, EMBO J., 20, 755, 10.1093/emboj/20.4.755 · DOI
- Shi, 2003, A novel mode for integrin-mediated signaling: tethering is required for phosphorylation of FAK Y397, Mol. Biol. Cell, 14, 4306, 10.1091/mbc.E03-01-0046 · DOI
- Tzima, 2001, Activation of integrins in endothelial cells by fluid shear stress mediates Rho-dependent cytoskeletal alignment, EMBO J., 20, 4639, 10.1093/emboj/20.17.4639 · DOI
- Vial, 2003, ERK-MAPK signaling coordinately regulates activity of Rac1 and RhoA for tumor cell motility, Cancer Cell, 4, 67, 10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00162-4 · DOI
- Wang, 1998, Reciprocal interactions between β1-integrin and epidermal growth factor receptor in three-dimensional basement membrane breast cultures: a different perspective in epithelial biology, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 14821, 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14821 · DOI · Paper page
- Wang, 2000, Substrate flexibility regulates growth and apoptosis of normal but not transformed cells, Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 279, C1345, 10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.5.C1345 · DOI
- Weaver, 2002, β4 integrin-dependent formation of polarized three-dimensional architecture confers resistance to apoptosis in normal and malignant mammary epithelium, Cancer Cell, 2, 205, 10.1016/S1535-6108(02)00125-3 · DOI
- White, 2004, Targeted disruption of β1-integrin in a transgenic mouse model of human breast cancer reveals an essential role in mammary tumor induction, Cancer Cell, 6, 159, 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.06.025 · DOI · Paper page
- Wozniak, 2003, ROCK-generated contractility regulates breast epithelial cell differentiation in response to the physical properties of a three-dimensional collagen matrix, J. Cell Biol., 163, 583, 10.1083/jcb.200305010 · DOI
- Zahir, 2003, Autocrine laminin-5 ligates α6β4 integrin and activates RAC and NFκB to mediate anchorage-independent survival of mammary tumors, J. Cell Biol., 163, 1397, 10.1083/jcb.200302023 · DOI
- Zajaczkowski, 2003, Cell-matrix adhesions on poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels, Tissue Eng., 9, 525, 10.1089/107632703322066705 · DOI
- Zhong, 1997, Rho-stimulated contractility contributes to the fibroblastic phenotype of Ras-transformed epithelial cells, Mol. Biol. Cell, 8, 2329, 10.1091/mbc.8.11.2329 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,121
Proteomic Markers for Mechanobiological Properties of Metastatic Cancer Cells
Leonov, S., Inyang, O., Achkasov, K., Bogdan, E., Kontareva, E., Chen, Y.-H., Fu, Y., Osipov, A., Pustovalova, M., & Merkher, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24054773 · Cited by 8
“Atomic force microscopy [30,31], deformability cytometry [32] and parallel microfiltration [28] are among the mostly widely used.”
MethodPro-Apoptotic and Anti-Cancer Activity of the Vernonanthura Nudiflora Hydroethanolic Extract
Nadir, A., Shteinfer-Kuzmine, A., Pandey, S., Ortas, J., Kerekes, D., & Shoshan-Barmatz, V. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15051627 · Cited by 8
“Besides cancer cells, a t mor has fibroblasts [64], immune system cells [65], blood vessels [66], and xtracellular matrix (ECM) components [67].”
BackgroundBiomaterial Design Inspired by Regenerative Research Organisms
Sapru, S., Dill, M. N., & Simmons, C. S. (2022) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00486 · Cited by 11
ECM-transmitted shear stress induces apoptotic cell extrusion in early breast gland development
Friedland, F., Babu, S. S., Springer, R., Konrad, J., Herfs, Y., Gerlach, S., Gehlen, J., Krause, H.-J., Laporte, L. D., Merkel, R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.947430 · Cited by 8
“with a stiffness similar to EHS gels (Paszek et al., 2005).”
Extracellular matrix stiffness regulates degradation of MST2 via SCF βTrCP
Fiore, A. P. Z. P., Rodrigues, A. M., Filho, H. V. R., Manucci, A. C., Ribeiro, P. D. F., Botelho, M. C. S., Vogel, C., de Oliveira, P. S. L., Pagano, M., & Bruni‐Cardoso, A. (2021) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130238 · Cited by 6
Betriu, N., Andreeva, A. Y., Alonso, A., & Semino, C. E. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10081835 · Cited by 9
“Interestingly, the same study reports that MECs in soft matrix express higher amounts of total and active Src family kinases (Src, Lyn and Lck) [25] compared to stiff matrices, while others propose the contrary [18].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLeSavage, B. L., Gilchrist, A. E., Krajina, B. A., Karlsson, K., Smith, A. R., Karagyozova, K., Klett, K. C., Curtis, C. N., Kuo, C. J., & Heilshorn, S. C. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.04.22.488943 · Cited by 10
Wang, Z., Chang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhou, G., Liu, P., Lou, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Guo, X., Wang, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.820562 · Cited by 10
Substratum stiffness tunes membrane voltage in mammary epithelial cells
Silver, B. B., Zhang, S. X., Rabie, E. M., & Nelson, C. M. (2021) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.256313 · Cited by 8
Silk Film Stiffness Modulates Corneal Epithelial Cell Mechanosignaling
Sun, M. G., Luo, Y., Teng, T., Guaiquil, V. H., Zhou, Q., McGinn, L., Nazzal, O., Walsh, M., Lee, J. D., & Rosenblatt, M. I. (2021) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.202100013 · Cited by 8
Denture induced mechanotransduction can contribute to oral carcinogenesis
Sarode, G. S., Sarode, S. C., Sengupta, N., Ghone, U., Sharma, N. K., Gadbail, A. R., Gondivkar, S. M., & Patil, S. (2021) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110507 · Cited by 10
The Physical Microenvironment of Tumors: Characterization and Clinical Impact
Zanotelli, M. R., Chada, N. C., Johnson, C. A., & Reinhart‐King, C. A. (2020) · Biophysical Reviews and Letters · doi:10.1142/s1793048020300029 · Cited by 10
Self-citationEngineered bone matrix models for understanding breast cancer skeletal metastasis
Persson, K. M., Whitman, M. A., & Fischbach, C. (2026) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-025-10310-1 · Cited by 6
“Although research of primary cancers or metastasis to soft tissue organs indicates that the ECM is a key regulator of progression [27, 28], little is known about how changes of bone ECM affect metastatic colonization or outgrowth in the skeleton.”
Yang, J., Celebi, L., Hawthorne, L., Ozcebe, S. G., & Zorlutuna, P. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202505261 · Cited by 7
Hanitrarimalala, V., Prgomet, Z., Hedhammar, M., Tassidis, H., & Wingren, A. G. (2025) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1545017 · Cited by 6
Immune cells employ intermittent integrin-mediated traction forces for 3D migration
Czerwinski, T., Bischof, L., Böhringer, D., Kara, S., Strissel, P. L., Strick, R., Huhn, N., Winterl, A., Gerum, R. C., Wittmann, E., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1073/pnas.2524427123 · Cited by 7
“The dramatic decrease in the motile fraction in the high-concentration collagen gel suggests that narrow pores cause excessive steric hindrance beyond a level where cells cannot overcome necessary increases of magnitude or frequency of traction forces.”
Zhao, Z., Liu, W., & Luo, B. (2025) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2025.149312 · Cited by 7
Emon, B., Joy, M. S. H., Drennan, W. C., & Saif, M. T. A. (2025) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-024-01106-8 · Cited by 11
New Horizons in Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Hippo Signaling Pathway
Kuracha, M. R., Radhakrishna, U., Kuracha, S. V., Vegi, N., Gurung, J. L., & McVicker, B. L. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12112552 · Cited by 8
“…signaling was shown in epithelial cells cultured on rigid compared to soft matrices with different matrix concentrations associating with the regulation of hormonal secretion (stiff ECM led to high secretion of progesterone and androgen, whereas soft ECM decreased steroidogenic hormones) [126,127].”
A Chemo-Mechanical Model for Growth and Mechanosensing of Focal Adhesion
Xing, J., Sun, F., Lin, Y., & Gong, Z. (2024) · Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids · doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2024.105863 · Cited by 7
Habli, Z. S., Zantout, A., Al-Haj, N., Saab, R., El-Sabban, M., & Khraiche, M. (2024) · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.4c06335 · Cited by 7
A high throughput cell stretch device for investigating mechanobiology in vitro
Pratt, S. J. P., Plunkett, C. M., Kuzu, G., Trinh, T., Barbara, J., Choconta, P., Quackenbush, D., Huynh, T., Smith, A. J., Barnes, S. W., et al. (2024) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0206852 · Cited by 7
Lofaro, F. D., Costa, S., Simone, M. L., Quaglino, D., & Boraldi, F. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06283-6 · Cited by 7
“Insummary,resultsindicatethatCUSandCAS fi broblasts(i)exhibita different morphology in standard culture conditions; (ii) are characterized by a different cell-tension property and cell-matrix interactions 40 ; (iii) show changes in the distribution and organization of FAs and SFs.”
Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Stiffness-mediated Metastasis
Sneider, A., Liu, Y., Starich, B., Du, W., Marar, C., Faqih, N., Ciotti, G. E., Kim, J. H., Krishnan, S., Ibrahim, S., et al. (2024) · Cancer Research Communications · doi:10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0431 · Cited by 29
Cancer on motors: How kinesins drive prostate cancer progression?
Wang, J., Zhang, F.-H., Liu, Z. L., Tang, Y.-J., Li, J., & Xie, L. (2024) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116229 · Cited by 9
Piezo1 channel causes lens sclerosis via transglutaminase 2 activation
Doki, Y., Nakazawa, Y., Sukegawa, M., Petrova, R. S., Ishida, Y., Endo, S., Nagai, N., Yamamoto, N., Funakoshi‐Tago, M., & Donaldson, P. J. (2023) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2023.109719 · Cited by 8
Dynamic traction force measurements of migrating immune cells in 3D matrices
Böhringer, D., Cóndor, M., Bischof, L., Czerwinski, T., Gampl, N., Ngo, P. A., Bauer, A., Voskens, C., López-Posadas, R., Franze, K., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.516758 · Cited by 7
“This behavior is reminiscent of mesenchymal cells that typically also respond with higher traction forces to higher matrix stiffness (10, 23, 24).”
BackgroundSurface physical cues mediate the uptake of foreign particles by cancer cells
Tischenko, K., Brill‐Karniely, Y., Steinberg, E., Segev-Yekutiel, H., & Benny, O. (2023) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0138245 · Cited by 7
Oncology and mechanics: Landmark studies and promising clinical applications
Urcun, S., Lorenzo, G., Baroli, D., Rohan, P., Sciumè, G., Skalli, W., Lubrano, V., & Bordas, S. (2022) · Advances in applied mechanics · doi:10.1016/bs.aams.2022.05.003 · Cited by 8
“2005 [24] mammalian tissue of MMTVHer2/neu, Myc, and Ras transgenic mice ; nonmalignant MCF10A ; HMT3522 S-1 MECs | in vitro Understanding mechanical signaling involved in tumor cell phenotype switch”
BackgroundInfluentialA Model for Mechanosensitive Cell Migration in Dynamically Morphing Soft Tissues
Kim, J., Mailand, E., Sakar, M., & Bouklas, N. (2022) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4081905 · Cited by 7
Conrad, C., Conway, J., Polacheck, W. J., Rizvi, I., & Scarcelli, G. (2022) · European Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151278 · Cited by 7
Zitnay, R. G., Herron, M. R., Carney, K. R., Potter, S. C., Emerson, L. L., Weiss, J. A., & Mendoza, M. C. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010153 · Cited by 9
Sarangthem, V., Sharma, H., Mendiratta, M., Sahoo, R., Park, R., Kumar, L., Singh, T. D., & Mohanty, S. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10051151 · Cited by 7
Chemo-Mechanical Factors That Limit Cellular Force Generation
Vazquez-Hidalgo, E., Farris, C. M., Rowat, A. C., & Katira, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Physics · doi:10.3389/fphy.2022.831776 · Cited by 7
Fiber finding algorithm using stepwise tracing to identify biopolymer fibers in noisy 3D images
Rossen, N. S., Kyrsting, A., Giaccia, A. J., Erler, J. T., & Oddershede, L. B. (2021) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2021.08.017 · Cited by 8
miR ‐218 affects the ECM composition and cell biomechanical properties of glioblastoma cells
Grabowska, M., Kuczyński, K., Piwecka, M., Rabiasz, A., Zemła, J., Głodowicz, P., Wawrzyniak, D., Lekka, M., & Rolle, K. (2022) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.17428 · Cited by 11
“It has already been shown that tumours can become stiffer than normal tissues due to increased Rho-dependent cytoskeletal pressure, generating excessive growth, focal adhesions, adjacent joint division, and tissue disruption [65].”
BackgroundFrühauf, M., Zeitschel, U., Höfling, C., Ullm, F., Rabiger, F. V., Alber, G., Pompe, W., Müller, U., & Roßner, S. (2020) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14978 · Cited by 8
“A wealth of protocols exists to fabricate collagen matrices with strong differences in matrix structure and mechanics (Paszek et al., 2005; Sapudom & Pompe, 2018; Seo et al., 2020).”
BackgroundFiorino, S., Visani, M., Masetti, M., Acquaviva, G., Tallini, G., Leo, A. D., Fornelli, A., Ragazzi, M., Vasuri, F., Grifoni, D., et al. (2020) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-020-05763-2 · Cited by 7
Jauch, P., Weidner, A., Riedel, S., Wilharm, N., Dutz, S., & Mayr, S. G. (2020) · Multifunctional Materials · doi:10.1088/2399-7532/abaa2d · Cited by 7
Zhang, X., Aimaiti, G., Guan, Y., Sha, Y., Zhou, W., Shen, J., Zhao, B., & Yuan, W. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202518547 · Cited by 3
“This strategy thus resolves the inherent efficacy-toxicity contradiction associated with natural IL-2 therapy and traditional armored CAR-T approaches, while simultaneously preventing CAR-T cell exhaustion induced by sustained stimulation [ 82 ].”
Biomechanics and mechanobiology of the cell nucleus
Wei, F., Liao, Y., Wang, A., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Ma, C.-Y., Li, N., Chen, J., & Long, M. (2025) · Med-X · doi:10.1007/s44258-025-00063-5 · Cited by 7
“A prime example is neutrophils, whose nuclei feature a unique multi-lobed structure that aids in their migration throughout the body to detect and combat pathogens [50].”
Ion-mediated progressively stiffening hydrogels for vascularized bone regeneration
Bu, W., Dawson, J. I., Oreffo, R. O. C., D’Este, M., Eglin, D., Sun, H., & Mata, Á. (2025) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2025.10.027 · Cited by 8
Yang, J., Celebi, L., Hawthorne, L., Ozcebe, S. G., & Zorlutuna, P. (2025) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.07.29.667440 · Cited by 6
“A substrate stiffness of 20 kPa represents a physiologically relevant transitional zone (border zone) between healthy (10 kPa) and fibrotic myocardium (~60 kPa), and mirrors early matrix remodeling during tumor progression 41,44 .”
Can the Tumor Microenvironment Alter Ion Channels? Unraveling Their Role in Cancer
Gentile, R., Feudi, D., Sallicandro, L., & Biagini, A. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17071244 · Cited by 7
Three-dimensional traction technology and its application in mechanomedicine
Chen, X., Ji, C., Liu, X., Wang, N., Wei, F., & Chen, J. (2025) · Mechanobiology in medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mbm.2025.100131 · Cited by 6
Guszcz, T., Sankiewicz, A., Gałek, L., Chilinska-Kopko, E., Hermanowicz, A., & Gorodkiewicz, E. (2024) · Italian National Conference on Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24196371 · Cited by 6
“The ECM environment controls many fundamental properties of tumors, including their proliferation, vascularization, and invasion [9].”
BackgroundDense Collagen I as a Biomimetic Material to Track Matrix Remodelling in Renal Carcinomas
Upadhyay, A., Bakkalci, D., Micalet, A., Butler, M., Bergin, M., Moeendarbary, E., Loizidou, M., & Cheema, U. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c04442 · Cited by 4
Human breast tissue engineering in health and disease
Buchholz, M., Scheerman, D. I., Levato, R., Wehrens, E. J., & Rios, A. C. (2024) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s44321-024-00112-3 · Cited by 8
Elastocapillary effects determine early matrix deformation by glioblastoma cell spheroids
Ang, I., Yousafzai, M. S., Yadav, V., Mohler, K., Rinehart, J., Bouklas, N., & Murrell, M. P. (2024) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0191765 · Cited by 7
“93 The results presented here may provide information on the engineering and design of artificial matrices that manipulate these processes.”
BackgroundKarimifard, S. A., Salehzadeh‐Yazdi, A., Taghizadeh-Tabarsi, R., & Akbari‐Birgani, S. (2023) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149420 · Cited by 8
Tension as a key factor in skin responses to pollution
Pambianchi, E., Hagenberg, Z., Pecorelli, A., Pasqui, A., Therrien, J., & Valacchi, G. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-42629-6 · Cited by 6
“…homeostasis is a mechanical force normally present in healthy skin which is the consequence of the balance between the extracellular forces exerted on skin cells [by both the neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM)] and the traction forces generated by the cells themselves 38 .”
BackgroundMultiscale Computational Framework to Investigate Integrin Mechanosensing and Cell Adhesion
Montes, A. R., Gutierrez, G., Tepole, A., & Mofrad, M. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.03.24.533575 · Cited by 6
Lee, Y. L., Mathur, J., Walter, C., Zmuda, H. M., & Pathak, A. (2023) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0226 · Cited by 9
“Over the past decade, the pathological transformation of cells has been associated with their ability to sense and respond to matrix stiffness (Paszek et al. , 2005), detach and leave populations via mesenchymal transition (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011; Guen et al. , 2017), and negotiate confined…”
Ghosh, D., Hsu, J., Soriano, K. K. J., Peña, C. M., Lee, A. H., Dizon, D. S., & Dawson, M. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15123186 · Cited by 6
“soft matrices and the remaining cell lines displaying matrix-independent behaviors [11].”
BackgroundZhao, F., Yang, T., Zhou, L.-H., Li, R., Liu, J., Zhao, J., & Jia, R. (2023) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.204721 · Cited by 6
Lebedenko, C. G., Murray, M. E., Goncalves, B. G., Pérez, D. S., Lambo, D. J., & Banerjee, I. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c08049 · Cited by 6
Unusual Suspects: Bone and Cartilage ECM Proteins as Carcinoma Facilitators
Sorvina, A., Antoniou, M., Esmaeili, Z., & Kochetkova, M. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15030791 · Cited by 7
“Indeed, integrins have a close relationship to force, conveying mechanical stresses bidirectionally across the plasma membrane and transducing mechanical forces into chemical signals [33].”
BackgroundCollagen-Based Biomimetic Systems to Study the Biophysical Tumour Microenvironment
Cambi, A., & Ventre, M. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14235939 · Cited by 11
“Use in cancer studies MV3 cell morphology; collagen remodelling; MMP expression [47]; MDA-MB-231 and MTLn3 morphology, adhesion, migration [48]; MDA-MB-231 and MTLn3 cell adhesion and motility [49]; SKOV3 cell morphology, migration, cell mechanics, gene expression [50] HMT3522 and MCF10A MEC cell a he ion, morphology,…”
BackgroundInfluentialIşık, M., Okesola, B. O., Eylem, C. C., Koçak, E., Nemutlu, E., Emregül, E., D’Este, M., & Derkuş, B. (2022) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00733 · Cited by 8
Cofré, J., & Saalfeld, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.1067248 · Cited by 8
“associated with mechanosensory systems that transform mechanical stimuli received by the extracellular matrix or cytoskeleton into chemical signals—a process known as mechanotransduction (Paszek and Weaver, 2004; Paszek et al., 2005; Aguilar-Cuenca et al., 2014; Fattet et al., 2020).”
BackgroundZulueta-Coarasa, T., Fadul, J., Ahmed, M., & Rosenblatt, J. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105330 · Cited by 14
“On the other hand, fibrosis occurring at later stages of disease progression increases tumor environment stiffness that also promotes EMT (Ghajar and Bissell, 2008; Paszek et al., 2005; Weaver et al., 1996, 1997).”
InfluentialGrant, E., Bucklain, F. A., Ginn, L., Laity, P. R., Ciani, B., & Bryant, H. E. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268300 · Cited by 6
“Gel stiffness was lower than the 2D PAA model, at 300 Pa and 1.9 kPa for 1% and 2% alginate respectively (Fig 6C and S2 Fig), but was still close to the measured normal and cancerous breast tissue [5, 6], and significantly different to each other allowing for a direct comparison.”
InfluentialTulchinsky, M., & Weihs, D. (2022) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.048 · Cited by 6
Softening redox homeostasis in cancer cells
Powers, J. A., & Chio, I. I. C. (2022) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-022-00845-8 · Cited by 6
Cells on Hydrogels with Micron-Scaled Stiffness Patterns Demonstrate Local Stiffness Sensing
Mgharbel, A., Migdal, C., Bouchonville, N., Dupenloup, P., Fuard, D., Lopez-Soler, E., Tomba, C., Courçon, M., Gulino-Debrac, D., Delanoë-Ayari, H., et al. (2022) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano12040648 · Cited by 6
“These substrates, dedicated to 2D culture, are at the origins of seminal works on stem cell mechanosensitivity [8,9] and cancer invasiveness [10].”
BackgroundPhillips, C. M., Lima, E. A. B. F., Gadde, M., Jarrett, A. M., Rylander, M. N., & Yankeelov, T. E. (2023) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009499 · Cited by 9
Dynamically softened substrate regulates malignancy of breast tumor cells
Hu, M., Xu, L. L., Huang, W., Hu, D., Ren, K., & Ji, J. (2021) · Science China Materials · doi:10.1007/s40843-021-1631-3 · Cited by 6
Modulated Start-Up Mode of Cancer Cell Migration Through Spinophilin-Tubular Networks
Hwang, S., Lee, P. C., Shin, D., & Hong, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.652791 · Cited by 6
Kobayashi, Y., Kida, Y., Kabuto, Y., Morihara, T., Sukenari, T., Nakagawa, H., Onishi, O., Oda, R., Kida, N., Tanida, T., et al. (2021) · Tissue Engineering. Part A · doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0239 · Cited by 6
“23 This again highlights the need to control for morphological and mechanical properties of reconstituted ECM hydrogels when studying cell behaviors.”
Nafo, W., & Al-Mayah, A. (2020) · Experimental mechanics · doi:10.1007/s11340-020-00674-6 · Cited by 6
Using biomaterial-based 3D in vitro cancer models to solve current clinical problems
Tipple, E. F., Slay, E., Tsigkou, O., Choudhury, A., & Gough, J. E. (2026) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-026-03392-3 · Cited by 5
“Tumour tissues are typically stiffer than healthy surrounding tissue, for example, breast tumour tissue is (cid:1) 4 kPa, whereas normal breast tissue is (cid:1) 0.2 kPa [29].”
InfluentialTrautmann, R. K., Dennison, N. R., McCortney, K., Klier, S., Coşacak, M. İ., Werner, C., Akyoldaş, G., Horbinski, C., Freudenberg, U., & Kızıl, Ç. (2026) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.202500394 · Cited by 4
Impact of mechanical property alterations on cancer cell motility and metastasis
Belousova, P., Kwon, S., Jung, M., & Kim, K. S. (2026) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105165 · Cited by 6
Pezeshki, P. S., Ganjaroudi, N. M., Azimzadeh, A., Zolbin, M. M., Mohammadpour, H., Miri, S. R., Molaei, H., & Kajbafzadeh, A. M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-12196-z · Cited by 4
“One of the first observations was that tumor stroma stiffness can be partly responsible for the disruption in adherens junctions, focal adhesions, tissue polarity perturbations, and lack of lumen formation in tumor tissue, leading to metastasis through various pathways of mechanotransduction 17–20 .”
In utero exposure to estrogenic bisphenol analogues increases mammary tissue stiffness
Poska, J. M., Wormsbaecher, C., Cumbia, B. M., Price, M. R., Cortes-Medina, M., Holter, J. C., Agarwal, S., Mo, X. M., Song, J. W., & Burd, C. (2025) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108974 · Cited by 5
Mechanical control of breast cancer malignancy by promotion of mevalonate pathway enzyme synthesis.
Göransson, S., Olofsson, H., Johansson, H. J., Yan, F., Vogiatzakis, C., Liang, S., Bellato, H. M., Masvidal, L., Aksoylu, I., Hartman, J., et al. (2025) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2025.05.005 · Cited by 5
Pourmostafa, A., Uskach, G., Jafari, M., Dogan, E., Yogeshwaran, S., Wood, T. L., Ghaeini-Hesaroeiye, S., Lin Han, B., Alisafaei, F., & Miri, A. K. (2025) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2025.12.008 · Cited by 5
“However, how cells interpret and respond to these mechanical signals in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments remains an open question.”
Parodi, I., Palamà, M. E. F., Lisa, D. D., Pastorino, L., Lagazzo, A., Falleroni, F., Aiello, M., Fato, M., & Scaglione, S. (2025) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels11050356 · Cited by 5
“Moreover, unlike healthy tissues, tumour tissues often exhibit stiffness irregularities, with stiffer regions typically located near the tumour core and softer regions towards the invasive front [6–8].”
Substrate viscoelasticity regulates fibroblast adhesion and migration
Paddillaya, N., Rao, A., Shrivastava, A., Jamir, I., Sengupta, K., & Gundiah, N. (2025) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.03.20.644304 · Cited by 5
“For example, breast carcinomas show elevated stiffness from 400 Pa in normal tissues to over 5 kPa in invasive ductal tissues 3 .”
Sesa, M., Holthusen, H., Böhm, C., Jockenhövel, S., Reese, S., & Linka, K. (2025) · Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology · doi:10.1007/s10237-025-01988-x · Cited by 5
“Investigations by Paszek et al. (2005) revealed that the stiffness of the ECM influences cell contractility and the ten-sional homeostatic behavior of the tissue.”
Tan, X., Rosin, M., Appinger, S., Deierl, J. C., Reichel, K., Coolsen, M. M. E., Iersel, L. V., de Vos‐Geelen, J., de Jong, E. J. M., Bednarsch, J., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-94362-x · Cited by 5
“Increased tissue stiffness can activate pro-survival and pro-proliferation signaling pathways in cancer cells 23 .”
Increased Matrix Stiffness Promotes Slow Muscle Fibre Regeneration After Skeletal Muscle Injury
Wang, D., Wu, J., Xu, Z., Jia, J.-N., Lai, Y., & He, Z. (2025) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.70423 · Cited by 5
“It has been reported that increased matrix stiffness in tumours increases Rho/ROCK-dependent cytoskeletal tension [35–37].”
Matrix Stiffness-Mediated DNA Methylation in Endothelial Cells
Taufalele, P., Kirkham, H. K., & Reinhart‐King, C. A. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering · doi:10.1007/s12195-024-00836-9 · Cited by 6
“Additionally, tumors can progressively stiffen over time which exposes all cells residing in the tumor to more mechanical feedback [62].”
Self-citationMendieta, M., Hatami, M., Singh, M., Fard, S. S., Dehshiri, M., Schill, A. W., Nevozhay, D., Aglyamov, S., Ozpolat, B., Sokolov, K., et al. (2025) · IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1109/ojemb.2025.3528194 · Cited by 5
“The need for further research and the development of advanced imaging techniques is evident, particularly where elasticity may serve as an effective biomarker [13], [14], [15], [16], [17].”
Sun, J. Y., Hosen, M. B., Deng, W., & Tian, A. (2024) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202400189 · Cited by 5
“This circuit establishes a connection between matrix stiffness and cytoskeletal tension, mediated by integrins [101].”
Unjamming Transition as a Paradigm for Biomechanical Control of Cancer Metastasis
Cai, G., Rodgers, N. C., & Liu, A. P. (2024) · Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/cm.21963 · Cited by 10
“Notably, breast cancer tissue is significantly stiffer (~4 kPa) than normal breast tissue (~0.2 kPa), emphasizing the role of mechanical cues in cancer progression (Paszek et al. 2005; Xu et al. 2023).”
InfluentialGöransson, S., Hernández-Varas, P., Hammarström, M., Hellgren, R., Bäcklund, L. M., Lång, K., Rosendahl, A. H., Eriksson, M., Borgquist, S., Strömblad, S., et al. (2024) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-024-01919-1 · Cited by 6
Autoantibodies immuno-mechanically modulate platelet contractile force and bleeding risk
Oshinowo, O., Copeland, R., Patel, A. B., Shaver, N., Fay, M., Jeltuhin, R., Xiang, Y., Caruso, C., Otumala, A., Hernandez, S., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54309-8 · Cited by 5
“changes to systemic and microenvironmental factors, such as tissue stiffness 15,17 andviscosity 18 orvesselgeometryinduceddisturbedblood fl ow 3 .”
Yang, Y.-J., Yeo, D.-H., Shin, S.-J., Lee, J.-H., & Lee, J.-H. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13231932 · Cited by 5
Rainu, S., & Singh, N. (2024) · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c16334 · Cited by 5
Ditto, M., Jacho, D., Eisenmann, K. M., & Yildirim-Ayan, E. D. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10111271 · Cited by 5
“Bone mechanotransduction studies report that moderate activities (i.e., walking) create lower amplitude of mechanical stimuli within the bone with low frequencies ( 2 Hz) thousands of times with an amplitude of 1% strain [33,36–40].”
BackgroundBernabei, I., Hansen, U., Ehirchiou, D., Brinckmann, J., Chobaz, V., Busso, N., & Nasi, S. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24119776 · Cited by 5
“Next, we wanted to understand whether CD11b is a sensor of matrix crosslinking and stiffness, as found for other integrins in cancer studies [16,17,26,27].”
BackgroundReversion of breast epithelial polarity alterations caused by obesity
Holmes, J., Gaber, M., Jenks, M. Z., Wilson, A. S., Loy, T., Lepetit, C., Vitolins, M., Herbert, B., Cook, K., & Vidi, P.-A. (2023) · npj Breast Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41523-023-00539-w · Cited by 5
“Stiff cellular microenvironments have been shown to compromise tissue organization 43 .”
Buchtelová, M., Bláhová, L., Nečas, D., Křížková, P., Bartošíková, J., Medalová, J., Kolská, Z., Hegemann, D., & Zajíčková, L. (2023) · Plasma Processes and Polymers · doi:10.1002/ppap.202200157 · Cited by 5
The Oncopig as an Emerging Model to Investigate Copper Regulation in Cancer
Carlson, A. L., Carrazco-Carrillo, J., Loder, A., Elkhadragy, L., Schachtschneider, K., & Padilla-Benavides, T. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232214012 · Cited by 5
“ECM stiffness promotes cell proliferation, survival, and migration; this rigidity disrupts formation of tissue morphogenesis due to increased cell tension [85,86].”
BackgroundMyeloid mechano-metabolic programming restricts anti-tumor immunityPreprint
Tharp, K. M., Kersten, K., Maller, O., Timblin, G. A., Stashko, C., Canale, F. P., Hayward, M.-K., Berestjuk, I., ten Hoeve-Scott, J., Samad, B., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.499764 · Cited by 8
Self-citationECM Mechanoregulation in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Panzetta, V., Musella, I., Fusco, S., & Netti, P. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.797900 · Cited by 6
Integrated Cells and Collagen Fibers Spatial Image Analysis
Vasiukov, G., Novitskaya, T., Senosain, M., Camai, A., Menshikh, A., Massion, P., Zijlstra, A., & Novitskiy, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioinformatics · doi:10.3389/fbinf.2021.758775 · Cited by 5
“Increased stiffness and collagen deposition affect aggressive behavior of tumor cells and infiltration of tumor nests by immune cells (Paszek and Weaver, 2004; Paszek et al., 2005; Butcher et al., 2009; Erler and Weaver, 2009; Frantz et al., 2010).”
Translational considerations for adipose-derived biological scaffolds for soft tissue repair
Peña, A. N., Garcia, J. A., & Elisseeff, J. H. (2021) · Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100321 · Cited by 6
Mapping the mechanical microenvironment in the ovary
Hopkins, T., Bemmer, V., Franks, S., Dunlop, C. M., Hardy, K., & Dunlop, I. E. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.01.03.425098 · Cited by 5
“A common model is that collagens are primarily responsible for the stiffness of tissues with a high collagen concentration typically thought to correspond to a stiff microenvironment and vice versa (44).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Paszek, M. J., Zahir, N., Johnson, K. R., Lakins, J. N., Rozenberg, G. I., Gefen, A., Reinhart-King, C. A., Margulies, S. S., Dembo, M., Boettiger, D., Hammer, D. A., & Weaver, V. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weaver, Valerie M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancer Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 241-254
- ISSN
- 1535-6108 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2099052265
- Cited by
- 3,941
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 165 · 2024: 155 · 2023: 172 · 2022: 193 · 2021: 221 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 217 · 2018: 262 · 2017: 256 · 2016: 239 · 2015: 249 · 2014: 225 · 2013: 237 · 2012: 183
- FWCI
- 33.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cancer Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL057204, HL-57204, HL64388-01A1, T32HL007954, T32HL00795404)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA078731, CA078731)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM057388, GM57388)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- tumor stiffness, extracellular matrix stiffness, integrins, mechanotransduction, cytoskeletal tension, Rho GTPase signaling, ERK activation, focal adhesions, adherens junctions, tissue polarity, epithelial morphogenesis, tumor stroma, contractility, malignant phenotype
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cytoskeleton, Homeostasis, Neoplasms, Phenotype, Stress, Mechanical, 3T3 Cells, Stromal Cells, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Shape, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
