Hydrochars derived from plant biomass under various conditions: Characterization and potential applications and impacts

Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review

Alvira, P., Tomás-Pejó, E., Ballesteros, M., & Negro, M. J. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.093 · Cited by 3,912

Biochar for environmental management: science and technology

(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-0296 · Cited by 2,947

Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology

Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2009) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781849770552 · Cited by 2,324

Organic and inorganic contaminants removal from water with biochar, a renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbent – A critical review

Mohan, D., Sarswat, A., Ok, Y. S., & Pittman, C. U. (2014) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.120 · Cited by 2,313

The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures

Yuan, J.-H., Xu, R.-K., & Zhang, H. (2011) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.018 · Cited by 2,029

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: A summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering

Funke, A., & Ziegler, F. (2010) · Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining · doi:10.1002/bbb.198 · Cited by 2,001

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: A comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis

Libra, J. A., Ro, K. S., Kammann, C., Funke, A., Berge, N. D., Neubauer, Y., Titirici, M.-M., Fühner, C., Bens, O., Kern, J., et al. (2011) · Biofuels · doi:10.4155/bfs.10.81 · Cited by 1,756

Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils

Zimmerman, A. R., Gao, B., & Ahn, M.-Y. (2011) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.005 · Cited by 1,438

Biological nitrogen fixation by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) increases with bio-char additions

Rondon, M. A., Lehmann, J., Ramírez, J., & Hurtado, M. (2007) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z · Cited by 1,333

Surface chemistry variations among a series of laboratory-produced biochars

Mukherjee, A., Zimmerman, A. R., & Harris, W. (2011) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.04.021 · Cited by 1,171

Microwave-Hydrochar in Synergy with CO 2 for More Effective Etherification of Glycerol

Rambli, J., Quitain, A. T., Agutaya, J. K. C. N., Jarungwongsathien, A., Takata, N., Assabumrungrat, S., & Kida, T. (2025) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.5c04251 · Cited by 2

Hydrothermal carbonization of centrifuged sewage sludge: assessment of nutrient recycling of solid and liquid fractions for agricultural applications

Singh, D. K., & Garg, A. (2026) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115414 · Cited by 2

Alternative Bio-Refinery Products From Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Waste

Marx, S., & Venter, R. J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819727-1.00035-2 · Cited by 3

Effects of vermicompost and biochar on yield and yield components of maize line AR68 and on some soil physicochemical properties

Arabi, Z., Moghaddam, A., Hoseini, M., & Faraji, A. (2023) · Arabian Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.1007/s12517-023-11774-7 · Cited by 2

Enhancing Lead Passivation in Contaminated Soil: Impacts of the Chemical Modification of Oxygen-Containing Groups (OCGs) on the Surface of Hydrochar

Dai, Z., Chen, X., Xia, L., Wang, L., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Soil and Sediment Contamination An International Journal · doi:10.1080/15320383.2024.2328069 · Cited by 2

Utilizing Hydrothermal Carbonization for Sustainable Processing and Reuse of Oily Sludge

Pauline, A. L., & Joseph, K. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Toxic and Radioactive Waste · doi:10.1061/jhtrbp.hzeng-1326 · Cited by 2

Treatment of Diesel Oil-Contaminated Water Using Hydrochar Derived from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Aloe Vera Leaves

Vu, N.-T., Trang, L. H., Chung, N. T., Nguyen, T. T., Yabalak, E., & Kalderis, D. (2025) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-025-07881-8 · Cited by 2

Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment for Lignocellulosic Biomass Biorefinery

Zhuang, X., Wang, W., Song, B., & Yu, Q. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65584-6_4 · Cited by 2

Hydrothermal pretreatment of press mud: Characterization and potential application of hydrochar and process water

Bhowmick, S., Shastri, Y., & Garg, A. (2024) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.004 · Cited by 2

Customized hydrochar from biomass materials for water treatment

Nadarajah, K. (2020) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.206074 · Cited by 2

Optimization of liquefaction process based on global meta-analysis and machine learning approach: Effect of process conditions and raw material selection on remaining ratio and bioavailability of heavy metals in biochar

Ma, L., Zhan, L., Wu, Q., Li, L., Zheng, X., Xiao, Z., & Zou, J. (2024) · AIMS environmental science · doi:10.3934/environsci.2024016 · Cited by 1

High stability diesel desulfurization for production eco-friendly fuel in new oscillatory central baffled reactor using alumina-(MnO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 /MAC) coated catalyst

Humadi, J. I., & Mohammed, W. T. (2025) · Energy & Environment · doi:10.1177/0958305x251375943 · Cited by 1

Activated FeCl3-hydrochar/DWTS as a high-performance catalyst in the photo-Fenton process for wastewater treatment

Izghri, Z., Rabichi, I., Yaacoubi, F. E., Beddach, Y., Hanyny, J., Ounas, A., Sekkouri, C., Gaini, L. E., Ennaciri, K., Chahid, L., et al. (2026) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-025-06985-9 · Cited by 1

Decoupling salinity and carbon function during hydrothermal carbonization of anaerobic digestate

Kaffman, I., & Posmanik, R. (2026) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115714 · Cited by 1

Effect of hydrothermal carbon on biogas production from agricultural waste by anaerobic fermentation

Wang, C., Zhang, H., Liu, J., Sun, J., & Zhao, L. (2024) · Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.54097/p2jtyp22 · Cited by 1

Hydrochar: Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Contaminant Removal

Komalabharathi, P., Vikraman, V. K., Kumar, D., Boopathi, G., & Subramanian, P. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Green Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-4921-9_51-1 · Cited by 1

Development of an integrated process for biogas production from sugarcane trash

Ketsub, N. (2022) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.235046 · Cited by 1

Management of filtrate from the hydrothermal pre-treatment of sewage sludge using anaerobic digestion followed by chemisorption

Nyktari, E. (2018) · Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University)

Application of Biochar in Reducing the Levels of Pesticide Residues in Contaminated Soils and Food Crops. A Strategy to Minimize the Health Risk

Ali, N. (2018)

An Evaluation of Mixed Feedstocks for Producing Bio Crude Oil Through Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Its Potential Use at WPI

Murphy, C. M. (2020) · Digital WPI

Synthesis and characterization of superabsorbent carbonaceous coated nitrogen phosphorus potassium (NPK) fertilizer

Norlirabiatuladawiyah, C. A. (2018)

ESTUDO CINÉTICO DAS REAÇÕES DE CARBONIZAÇÃO HIDROTERMAL E PIRÓLISE LENTA DE RESÍDUOS DE BIOMASSAS

GONCALVES, F. D. M. (2020) · doi:10.17771/pucrio.acad.53305

Alkali Modification of Hydrochar as an Improver for Anaerobic Digestion of Hydrothermal Carbonization Wastewater of Corn StoverPreprint

Wang, R., Peng, P., Song, G., Zhao, Z., & Yin, Q. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4135695

Alkali Modification of Hydrochar as an Improver for Anaerobic Digestion of Hydrothermal Carbonization Wastewater of Corn StoverPreprint

Wang, R., Peng, P., Song, G., Zhao, Z., & Yin, Q. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4160649

Hydrochar: Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Contaminant Removal

Komalabharathi, P., Vikraman, V. K., Kumar, D., Boopathi, G., & Subramanian, P. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Green Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-4921-9_51-2

Hydrocarbonization of Biomass and Hydrochar for Sustainable Renewable Fuel

Mythili, R., Karthikeyan, S., Ramesh, D., & Subramanian, P. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Green Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-4921-9_112-1

Hydrothermal treatment of sludge for dewaterability improvement and value-adding applications

Ebrahimi, M. (2023) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.238534

Sequential Carbonization from Hyperaccumulator to Prepare Functional Biochar for Efficient Azo Dye DegradationPreprint

Yang, X., Pan, M., Wang, G., Liu, R., shan, A., Chen, D., & He, Z. L. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4499885

Preparation of stable hydrothermal carbon-based catalyst from defatted rice bran and glucose for biomass conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Wataniyakul, P. (2017) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2017.90

การประยกตใชกากหมอกรองเหลอทงจากโรงงานนำตาลดวยกระบวนการไฮโดรเทอรมอลคารบอไนเซชนเพอบำบดนำเสยของโรงงาน

วิธูวัฒนา, ร. (2021) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2021.869

การประยกตกากหมอกรองจากโรงงานนำตาลเพอเปนวสดเพาะเมลดโดยผานกระบวนการไฮโดรเทอรมอลคารบอไนเซชน

สุเมธี, ช. (2019) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2019.1162

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Crude Oil Tank Bottom Sludge for Energy Applications

Pauline, A. L., & Joseph, K. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Toxic and Radioactive Waste · doi:10.1061/jhtrbp.hzeng-1339

Sustainable nutrient substrates produced from spent grains-based hydrochar composite for the growth of bok choy seeds

Miao, H., Liu, J., Liu, T., Wang, Z., Wu, L., Liu, J., Jiang, K., Wang, B., & Gao, B. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143904

Hydrocarbonization of Biomass and Hydrochar for Sustainable Renewable Fuel

Mythili, R., Karthikeyan, S., Ramesh, D., & Subramanian, P. (2024) · Encyclopedia of Green Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4618-7_112

Hydrochar: Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Contaminant Removal

Komalabharathi, P., Vikraman, V. K., Kumar, D., Boopathi, G., & Subramanian, P. (2024) · Encyclopedia of Green Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4618-7_51

Optimisation of hydrochar production using native African Elemi shell

Odeh, C. P., Mgbemena, C. O., Oreko, B. U., & Soltani, S. M. (2025) · Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1007/s44444-025-00034-6

Hydrothermal Processing of High-Salinity Anaerobic Digestate: Transformation Pathways and Nutrient Retention in HydrocharPreprint

Kaffman, I., & Posmanik, R. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5641469

Immobilizing heavy metals in contaminated soil by hydrochar modified with carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized zinc nanoparticles

Khademi-Jolgenejad, A., Fekri, M., Hejazi-Mehrizi, M., & Ranjbar, Z. R. (2025) · Cellulose · doi:10.1007/s10570-025-06893-1

Choline chloride-modified hydrochar from organic waste for the removal of PFOA from aqueous matrices: feasibility, isotherm, and kinetic studies

Sinha, S., Mahanty, B., & Hait, S. (2025) · Emerging Contaminants and Environmental Health · doi:10.20517/eceh.2025.27

Magnetic Walnut Shell Biochar Enhances Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer and Methane Yield from Fruit and Vegetable Waste’s Anaerobic Digestion

Selvaraj, P. S., Kuttykattil, A., Parameswari, E., Ilakiya, T., Periasamy, K., Oumabady, S., Ramesh, P., Ramadass, K., & Thavamani, P. (2026) · Fuels · doi:10.3390/fuels7010017

Exploring the potential of peat-mineral-mix for sustainable clean energy: Process optimization of hydrothermal carbonization for biofuel production

Usman, M., & El‐Din, M. G. (2026) · Next Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.nxsust.2026.100310

Response surface methodology to optimize the yield of sugarcane bagasse-based hydrochar

Pramananda, V., Hasibuan, R., & Misran, E. (2026) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0334382

Biofuel production via co-hydrothermal carbonization of dairy cattle manure and olive residue: Characterization and combustion performance

Altıntaş, A., Çakal, G. Ö., Coşkun, S., & Akyürek, Z. (2026) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2026.122941

From Field to Future: Green Revolution 2.0—Biochar Innovations for Sustainable Agri-Health

Kumar, V., Raghuvanshi, N., Chandel, N., Rai, A., Parmar, K., Alotaibi, E. S., & Tomar, A. (2026) · Sustainable development and biodiversity · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-7777-4_11

Polymer modified hydrochar for environmental remediation: a review

Patyal, S., Verma, Y., Dhiman, P., Wang, T., Lu, S., Wang, S., & Sharma, G. (2026) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-026-06513-3

Hydrochar as a sustainable soil amendment

Privizentseva, D. A., Kravchenko, E., Kazeev, K. S., Minkina, T., & Wong, M. H. (2026) · Sustainable materials and technologies · doi:10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e02170

Fe–Mn Modified Hydrochar for Competitive Cd and Pb Adsorption in Wastewater

Long, J., Li, Y., Li, B., 戴依戈, Zhou, Y., Li, Z., Qiu, C., Liu, Q., & Lei, M. (2026) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-026-09798-2

Holding Water: A Review of Biochar and Hydrochar for Soil Amendment

Issifu, A. R., & Zhang, C. H. (2026) · Water · doi:10.3390/w18172062

Pressure-Controlled Pyrolysis of Plane Tree Leaves for High-Performance Biochar Supercapacitor Electrodes

Allahgholipour, G. R., & Mohamadi, S. (2026) · Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11814-026-00801-4

Hydrothermal treatment of contaminated sorghum: Hydrochar properties and characterization/phytotoxicity evaluation of the liquid phase

Mehrez, K., Fryda, L. E., Djelal, H., Mercier, M., Wray, H. E., Kane, A., Leblanc, N., & Visser, R. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.117710 · Cited by 7

Production and characterization of hydrochars and their application in soil improvement and environmental remediation

Khosravi, A., Zheng, H., Liu, Q., Hashemi, M., Tang, Y., & Xing, B. (2022) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.133142 · Cited by 286

Hydrochars derived from sewage sludge: effects of pre-treatment with water on char properties, phytotoxicity and chemical structure

Breulmann, M., Schulz, E., van Afferden, M., Müller, R., & Fühner, C. (2017) · Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science · doi:10.1080/03650340.2017.1396318 · Cited by 27

Screening and characterization of thermally modified biowaste-derived hydrochars for slow-release fertilizer for alkaline soil reclamation

Sathish, K., & Saraswat, S. (2025) · Cleaner Waste Systems · doi:10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100257 · Cited by 2

Novel hydrochar as low-cost alternative adsorbent for the removal of noxious impurities from water

Suhas, S., Chaudhary, M., Tyagi, I., Chaudhary, S., Kushwaha, S., & Kumar, A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99425-5.00018-9 · Cited by 3