Ceria nanocluster-based therapy for Alzheimer’s disease through the modulation of activated microglia and attenuation of amyloid-β deposition
Open accessAbstract
Despite extensive efforts dedicated to developing therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we still lack effective approaches capable of curing or halting its progression. Mounting evidence highlights the critical roles of dysfunctional microglia, which promote the abnormal accumulation of harmful protein deposits and initiate aggressive neuroinflammation, contributing to both the onset and advancement of AD. Hereby, we develop a brain-targeted ceria nanoparticle (T-CeNP), which exhibits both superoxide dismutase and catalase mimicking activities, for AD therapy. The functionalization of advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) targeting peptide facilitates the blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of T-CeNP, prevents the formation of Aβ fibrils, and boosts Aβ degradation by microglia. By integrating the multifunctional RAGE targeting ligand and bioactive CeNPs, T-CeNP can effectively cross the BBB, quench the elevated reactive oxygen species, attenuate the activation of microglia, disrupt Aβ aggregation and promote its clearance in an AD mouse model, and slow down the progression of AD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The in vitro BBB Transwell model used hCMEC/D3 cell monolayer following published protocol.
“To evaluate the BBB-penetrating capacity of TN-PTBP1, an in vitro BBB Transwell model using a hCMEC/D3 cell monolayer was employed, following our published protocol.1”
From Reverse the progression of Alzheimer’s disease through Nano-ERASER-based adult neuroregeneration (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's disease
van Dyck, C. H., Swanson, C. J., Aisen, P., Bateman, R. J., Chen, C., Gee, M., Kanekiyo, M., Li, D., Reyderman, L., Cohen, S., et al. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2212948 · Cited by 5,678 · see citing works
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Based Nanomedicine
Yang, B., Chen, Y., & Shi, J. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00626 · Cited by 2,453 · see citing works
Differential Roles of M1 and M2 Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Tang, Y., & Le, W. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-014-9070-5 · Cited by 2,190 · see citing works
RAGE and amyloid-β peptide neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease
Yan, S. D., Chen, X., Fu, J., Chen, M., Zhu, H., Roher, A., Slattery, T., Zhao, L., Nagashima, M., Morser, J., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382685a0 · Cited by 2,012 · see citing works
Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease
Hansen, D. V., Hanson, J. E., & Sheng, M. (2018) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201709069 · Cited by 1,935 · see citing works
Natural oligomers of the amyloid-β protein specifically disrupt cognitive function
Cleary, J. P., Walsh, D. M., Hofmeister, J. J., Shankar, G. M., Kuskowski, M. A., Selkoe, D. J., & Ashe, K. H. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1372 · Cited by 1,677 · see citing works
Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets
Gao, C., Jiang, J., Tan, Y., & Chen, S. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01588-0 · Cited by 1,616 · see citing works
RAGE mediates amyloid-β peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier and accumulation in brain
Deane, R., Du Yan, S., Submamaryan, R. K., LaRue, B., Jovanovic, S., Hogg, E., Welch, D., Manness, L., Lin, C., Yu, J., et al. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm890 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Assessing nest building in mice
Deacon, R. M. J. (2006) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.170 · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Microglial Activation and Chronic Neurodegeneration
Lull, M. E., & Block, M. L. (2010) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2010.05.014 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
Microglia in Alzheimer's disease
Sarlus, H., & Heneka, M. T. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci90606 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
A Review: Inflammatory Process in Alzheimer's Disease, Role of Cytokines
Rubio-Perez, J. M., & Morillas-Ruiz, J. M. (2012) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/2012/756357 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
Microglia constitute a barrier that prevents neurotoxic protofibrillar Aβ42 hotspots around plaques
Condello, C., Yuan, P., Schain, A., & Grutzendler, J. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7176 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Deane, R., Singh, I., Sagare, A. P., Bell, R. D., Ross, N. T., LaRue, B., Love, R., Perry, S., Paquette, N., Deane, R. J., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci58642 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Human microglial state dynamics in Alzheimer’s disease progression
Sun, N., Victor, M. B., Park, Y. P., Xiong, X., Scannail, A. N., Leary, N., Prosper, S., Viswanathan, S., Luna, X., Boix, C. A., et al. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.037 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
CD22 blockade restores homeostatic microglial phagocytosis in ageing brains
Pluvinage, J. V., Haney, M. S., Smith, B. A. H., Sun, J., Iram, T., Bonanno, L., Li, L., Lee, D. P., Morgens, D. W., Yang, A. C., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1088-4 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Bao, Q., Hu, P., Xu, Y., Cheng, T., Wei, C., Pan, L., & Shi, J. (2018) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b01994 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
SYK coordinates neuroprotective microglial responses in neurodegenerative disease
Ennerfelt, H., Frost, E. L., Shapiro, D. A., Holliday, C., Zengeler, K. E., Voithofer, G., Bolte, A. C., Lammert, C. R., Kulas, J. A., Ulland, T. K., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.030 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Attenuating astrocyte activation accelerates plaque pathogenesis in APP/PS1 mice
Kraft, A. W., Hu, X., Yoon, H., Yan, P., Xiao, Q., Wang, Y., Gil, S. C., Brown, J., Wilhelmsson, U., Restivo, J. L., et al. (2013) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.12-208660 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Self-citationHeckman, K. L., DeCoteau, W. E., Estevez, A. Y., Reed, K. J., Costanzo, W., Sanford, D., Leiter, J. C., Clauss, J., Knapp, K., Gomez, C., et al. (2013) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn403743b · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Poller, B., Gutmann, H., Krähenbühl, S., Weksler, B. B., Romero, I. A., Couraud, P., Tuffin, G., Drewe, J., & Huwyler, J. (2008) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05730.x · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Microglia actions in Alzheimer's disease
Prokop, S., Miller, K. R., & Heppner, F. L. (2013) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1182-x · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Kook, S.-H., Hong, H. S., Moon, M., Ha, C. M., Chang, S., & Mook‐Jung, I. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6102-11.2012 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Development of highly porous large PLGA microparticles for pulmonary drug delivery
Yang, Y., Bajaj, N., Xu, P., Ohn, K., Tsifansky, M. D., & Yeo, Y. (2009) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.044 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citationAshok, A., Andrabi, S. S., Mansoor, S., Kuang, Y., Kwon, B. K., & Labhasetwar, V. D. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11020408 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Sasaki, N., Toki, S., Chowei, H., Saito, T., Nakano, N., Hayashi, Y., Takeuchi, M., & Makita, Z. (2001) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03075-4 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Shah, S. A., Khan, M., Jo, M. H., Jo, M. G., Amin, F. U., & Kim, M. O. (2016) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12588 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Intracellular Drug Delivery by Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles, Revisited
Xu, P., Gullotti, E., Tong, L., Highley, C. B., Errabelli, D. R., Hasan, T. G., Cheng, J., Kohane, D. S., & Yeo, Y. (2008) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp800137z · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationCeria‐Based Therapeutic Antioxidants for Biomedical Applications
Kim, Y. G., Lee, Y., Lee, N., Soh, M., Kim, D., & Hyeon, T. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202210819 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Ma, M., Liu, Z., Gao, N., Pi, Z., Du, X., Ren, J., & Qu, X. (2020) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.0c08395 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
A Self-Destructive Nanosweeper That Captures and Clears Amyloid β-Peptides
Luo, Q., Lin, Y.-X., Yang, P.-P., Wang, Y., Qi, G.-B., Qiao, Z.-Y., Li, B.-N., Zhang, K., Zhang, J.-P., Wang, L., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04255-z · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationRAGE and Alzheimer's Disease: A Progression Factor for Amyloid-β-Induced Cellular Perturbation?
Yan, S. D., Bierhaus, A., Nawroth, P. P., & Stern, D. M. (2009) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2009-1030 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Cai, J., Liu, Z., Li, Y., Zheng, C., Zheng, Y., Chen, Q., Chen, H., Ma, F., An, Y., et al. (2018) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03644 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Lü, Y., Guo, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, C., Zhang, Y., Guo, Q., Chen, Q., Chen, X., He, X., Liu, L., et al. (2018) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.201801586 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Zhong, G., Long, H., Zhou, T., Liu, Y., Zhao, J., Han, J., Yang, X., Yin, Y., Chen, F., & Shi, S. (2022) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121690 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationKoo, S., Sohn, H. S., Kim, T. H., Yang, S., Jang, S. Y., Ye, S., Choi, B., Kim, S. H., Park, K. S., Shin, H. M., et al. (2023) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-023-01523-y · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Zheng, K., Torre, E., Bari, A., Taccardi, N., Cassinelli, C., Morra, M., Fiorilli, S., Vitale‐Brovarone, C., Iviglia, G., & Boccaccini, A. R. (2020) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100041 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Current Strategies for Modulating Aβ Aggregation with Multifunctional Agents
Du, Z., Li, M. C., Ren, J., & Qu, X. (2021) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00055 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Yu, D., Liu, S., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Ren, J., & Qu, X. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202109068 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease: A multifaceted relationship
ElAli, A., & Rivest, S. (2016) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.021 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Microglial Malfunction: The Third Rail in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease
Mhatre, S. D., Tsai, C. A., Rubin, A. J., James, M. L., & Andreasson, K. I. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.08.006 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Mitochondria‐targeted nanoparticles in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Zhang, Y., Yang, H. N., Wei, D., Zhang, X., Wang, J., Wu, X., & Chang, J. K. (2021) · Exploration · doi:10.1002/exp.20210115 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The Advances of Ceria Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications in Orthopaedics
Li, H., Xia, P., Pan, S., Qi, Z., Fu, C., Yu, Z., Kong, W., Chang, Y., Wang, K., Wu, D., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s270229 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Alzheimer's disease failed clinical trials
Asher, S., & Priefer, R. (2022) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120861 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Bhargava, Arya, A., Sethy, N. K., Singh, S. K., & Das, M. (2013) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s53032 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (Nanoceria): Hopes in Soft Tissue Engineering
Sadidi, H., Hooshmand, S., Ahmadabadi, A., Hoseini, S. J., Baino, F., Vatanpour, M., & Kargozar, S. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25194559 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Choi, B.-R., Cho, W.-H., Kim, J., Lee, H. J., Chung, C., Jeon, W. K., & Han, J.-S. (2014) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/emm.2013.147 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Microglia-targeting nanotherapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases
Zhao, N., Francis, N. L., Calvelli, H. R., & Moghe, P. V. (2020) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0013178 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Kong, Y., Wang, F., Wang, J., Liu, C., Zhou, Y., Xu, Z., Zhang, C., Sun, B., & Guan, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.00217 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Stopping Alzheimer's Before It Starts
Miller, G. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.337.6096.790 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Arora, S., Kanekiyo, T., & Singh, J. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.203 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Jiang, W., Zhao, Y., Song, T., Xi, Y., Han, G., Jin, Y., Song, M., Bai, K., Zhou, J., et al. (2022) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00191 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Neurotherapeutic applications of nanomedicine for treating Alzheimer's disease
Wilson, B., & Geetha, K. M. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.044 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory Signaling in Microglia Exacerbates Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Pathology
Michaud, J.-P., & Rivest, S. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.021 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Liu, H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Shi, S., Hu, X., Zhang, Q., Fan, D., & Xu, P. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202100262 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationSuperoxide Dismutase Mimetic Nanoceria Restrains Cerulein Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Khurana, A., Anchi, P., Allawadhi, P., Kumar, V., Sayed, N., Packirisamy, G., & Godugu, C. (2019) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm-2018-0318 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Microglia – the brain’s busy bees
Cronk, J. C., & Kipnis, J. (2013) · F1000Prime Reports · doi:10.12703/p5-53 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Tau‐targeting nanoparticles for treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Pawar, S., Rauf, M. A., Abdelhady, H. G., & Iyer, A. K. (2024) · Exploration · doi:10.1002/exp.20230137 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Wang, M. Y., Ross-Cisneros, F. N., Aggarwal, D., Liang, C.-Y., & Sadun, A. A. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0513-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationSalloway, S., Pain, A., Lee, E., Papka, M., Ferguson, M. B., Wang, H., Hu, H., Lu, M., Oru, E., Ardayfio, P. A., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70293 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Guest, F. L., Rahmoune, H., & Guest, P. C. (2020) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ya, J., Zhang, H., Qin, G., Huang, C., Zhao, C., Ren, J., & Qu, X. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202402342 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
KLVFF peptide functionalized nanoparticles capture Aβ42 by co-assembly for decreasing cytotoxicity
Yang, P., Yang, C., Zhang, K., Wang, L., & Wang, H. (2018) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2018.10.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sikorska, K., Grądzka, I., Sochanowicz, B., Presz, A., Męczyńska‐Wielgosz, S., Brzóska, K., & Kruszewski, M. K. (2019) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1177/0960327119880586 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Alzheimer antibody drugs show questionable potential
Reardon, S. (2015) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4709 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pu, Y., Dai, X., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Wu, C., Zhou, X., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Shuai, X., Jin, R., et al. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202418560 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationWei, W., Sun, H., Yang, B. V., Zhu, C., Song, E., & Song, Y. (2024) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00378 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chen, X., Guan, B., Wei, J., Huang, Y., Wei, P., Sui, L., Zhao, B., & Yuan, Z. (2025) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-025-03738-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jiang, Q., Zhang, M., Yang, Y., Jin, M., Zhao, J., Chen, D., Jiang, B., Li, M., Ma, J., Li, J., et al. (2026) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2026.124081 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Cutting-Edge Progress of Nanomaterials and Technologies in Biomedical Applications
Wei, H., Zou, Y., Qu, X., Cui, X. J., & Li, Z. L. (2026) · Micro · doi:10.3390/micro6010012 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Song, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2026.1886145 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Reverse the progression of Alzheimer’s disease through Nano-ERASER-based adult neuroregeneration
Wang, M., VanderVeen, B., Xu, Z. A., Xu, Y., Mintzer, J., Murphy, A., Zhang, Q., & Xu, P. (2026) · Cell Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.celbio.2026.100575
Self-citationAdvances in artificial metabzymes for molecular metabolism restoration in aging-related diseases
Lin, P., Hu, X., Zheng, M., Wu, G., Wang, Y., Li, F., & Ling, D. (2026) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d6cc02437h
Self-citationIntelligent design of artificial biocatalyst for biomedical diseases
Zhang, L., Song, N., Qiao, H., & Sun, S. (2026) · Journal of intelligent medicine. · doi:10.1002/jim4.70041
Wu, X., Xue, F., Cheng, D., Hong, L., Li, C., Ni, M., Liang, S., Chen, T., Luo, C., Ren, J., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s604112
A ROS-responsive nanoplatform for early MRI diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s disease
Yang, Q., Song, Y., Lei, L., Zhou, Y., Tong, F., Gao, H., & Chen, F. (2026) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2026.07.054
Yu, P., Jiang, M., Qiu, Z., Fu, Y., Yu, Y., Luo, Y., Deng, X., Li, J., Chen, X., Zhang, J., et al. (2026) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6c12785
Advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease upon nanozymes
Yan, Y., Liu, Q., Huo, Y., Wang, H., Cheng, Y., Qiao, H., & Zhang, R. (2026) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103197
Xu, F., 李海亮, Yan, Y., Chen, L., Sheng, Z., 窦报敏, Chen, Y., Zhu, X., & Xu, Y. (2026) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2026.119963
Developing precision nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for Alzheimer's disease therapy
Shan, Q., Zheng, W., Yao, W., Bai, Y., Ding, W., Wang, J., & Bai, F. (2026) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103789
- Authors
- Liu, H.-J., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Shi, S., Hu, X., Zhang, D.-B., Fan, D., Mintzer, J., & Xu, P.
- Affiliations
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Entrepôts, Représentation et Ingénierie des Connaissances (FR)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Peisheng
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-11
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 100158
- ISSN
- 3050-5623 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12364118
- OpenAlex
- W4413021074
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 8.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Biomaterials (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1R01AG054839-01A1, 1R41AG087769-01A1, 1R01CA263747-01A1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, cerium oxide nanoparticles, nanoclusters, microglial activation, amyloid-beta deposition, amyloid-beta clearance, blood-brain barrier penetration, superoxide dismutase-like activity, catalase-like activity, reactive oxygen species, neuroinflammation, brain drug delivery, advanced glycation end products
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
