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How Ligands Illuminate GPCR Molecular Pharmacology
Open accessAbstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are modulated by a variety of endogenous and synthetic ligands, represent the largest family of druggable targets in the human genome. Recent structural and molecular studies have both transformed and expanded classical concepts of receptor pharmacology and have begun to illuminate the distinct mechanisms by which structurally, chemically, and functionally diverse ligands modulate GPCR function. These molecular insights into ligand engagement and action have enabled new computational methods and accelerated the discovery of novel ligands and tool compounds, especially for understudied and orphan GPCRs. These advances promise to streamline the development of GPCR-targeted medications.
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“Slightly more than half of the non-olfactory GPCRs have annotated drugs and small molecules targeting them53,54,61; see also TABLE 1.”
From Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
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“A recent analysis indicates, however, that a handful of GPCRs — mainly biogenic amine, muscarinic and opioid receptors — represent the most abundantly targeted receptors for FDA-approved medications53,54.”
From Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
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“Alterations in GPCR signalling are implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric55, immunological56, gastrointestinal57,58, cardiac59, renal, hormonal, infectious60 and many other disorders53,54.”
From Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
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“GPCRs represent the largest family of druggable targets in the human genome9, with between 20% and 30% of approved drugs acting on them53,54.”
From Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
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“GPCRs are membrane-bound, cell-surface receptors that transduce signals via interactions with heterotrimeric G proteins, arrestins and other cellular transducers53,54.”
From Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
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“For covalent inhibitors, one of their chief advantages is potentially more durable inhibition at the PPI site leading to improved pharmacology in vivo [117, 118].”
From The design and development of covalent protein-protein interaction inhibitors for cancer treatment (2020) · cites this paper as [118]
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“If expressed at high levels, only a small fraction of the receptors need to be activated to have a maximal down-stream effect (the so-called ‘receptor reserve’ phenomenon) (Wacker et al., 2017).”
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“Given the adverse consequences of “off-target” effects, subtype-specific ligands for receptors have been developed as an alternative approach for improving drug selectivity.(14) For example, the drug siponimod was globally approved in March 2019 for treating adults with relapsing MS by targeting S1PR1 and S1PR5.”
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BackgroundStructural perspective of class B1 GPCR signaling
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Structural studies of phosphorylation-dependent interactions between the V2R receptor and arrestin-2
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Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Drug Targets for Neurological Diseases
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Molecular pharmacology of metabotropic receptors targeted by neuropsychiatric drugs
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Background100 years of modelling ligand–receptor binding and response: A focus on GPCRs
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“GPCRs may be activated by stimuli as diverse as photons, organic odorants, nucleotides/nucleosides, peptides, larger proteins and a plethora of small molecules such as hormones, lipids and neurotransmitters.”
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Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wacker, D., Stevens, R. C., & Roth, B. L.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Roth, Bryan L.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 170
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 414-427
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5560499
- OpenAlex
- W2741191097
- Cited by
- 560
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 12
- FWCI
- 5.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute of Health (RO1MH112205, UO1MH104974, U19MH82441, PO1DA035764)
- Michael Hooker Distinguished Professorship
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Keywords
- G protein-coupled receptors, GPCR pharmacology, ligand binding, ligand-receptor interactions, orphan G protein-coupled receptor, tool compounds, computational drug discovery, GPCR structure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Ligands, Models, Molecular, Signal Transduction, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Drug Discovery, Molecular Targeted Therapy
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