DREADDs for neuroscientists
Open accessAbstract
To understand brain function, it is essential that we discover how cellular signaling specifies normal and pathological brain function. In this regard, chemogenetic technologies represent valuable platforms for manipulating neuronal and non-neuronal signal transduction in a cell-type-specific fashion in freely moving animals. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD)-based chemogenetic tools are now commonly used by neuroscientists to identify the circuitry and cellular signals that specify behavior, perceptions, emotions, innate drives, and motor functions in species ranging from flies to nonhuman primates. Here I provide a primer on DREADDs highlighting key technical and conceptual considerations and identify challenges for chemogenetics going forward.
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Expression of DREADDs in astrocytes allows for activation of this cell type through selective binding of its ligand.
“Expression of engineered G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), called Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), in astrocytes allows for activation of this cell type through selective binding of its ligand (Lee et al., 2014;Roth, 2016;Urban and Roth, 2015).”
From Single-cell resolution analysis of the crosstalk between chemogenically activated astrocytes and microglia (2020) · cites this paper as Roth, 2016
These advances have been enabled by opto- and chemogenetics, viral vector-mediated transgenics, and Cre-dependent expression systems.
“These advances have been enabled by techniques like opto- and chemogenetics [6,7], viral vector-mediated transgenics [8], and Cre-dependent expression systems [9]”
From Translational opportunities for circuit-based social neuroscience: advancing 21st century psychiatry (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
Chemogenetic studies involved controls: GFP infection (VEH and CNO) and DREADD infection (VEH and CNO) for all behavioral studies to control for DREADD activation and potential effects of VEH and to control for CNO off-target effects.
“Chemogenetic studies involved the following controls: GFP infection (VEH and CNO) and designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) infection (VEH and CNO) for all behavioral studies to control for DREADD activation and potential effects of VEH and to control for CNO off-target effects76.”
From Regulation of autism-relevant behaviors by cerebellar-prefrontal cortical circuits (2020) · cites this paper as [76]
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Hur, M. H., Song, W., Cheon, D.-H., Chang, Y., Cho, Y. Y., Lee, Y. B., Yu, S. J., Kim, Y. J., Yoon, J.-H., Choi, H. J., et al. (2023) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121533 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lyman, K. A., Han, Y., Zhou, C., Renteria, I., Besing, G.-L., Kurz, J. E., & Chetkovich, D. M. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abl4580 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Allen, D. C., Carlson, T. L., Xiong, Y., Jin, J., Grant, K. A., & Cuzon Carlson, V. C. (2019) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.118.252031 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ethanol modulation of cortico-basolateral amygdala circuits: Neurophysiology and behavior
McCool, B. A. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108750 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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“Expression of engineered G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), called Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), in astrocytes allows for activation of this cell type through selective binding of its ligand (Lee et al., 2014; Roth, 2016; Urban and Roth, 2015).”
Background
- Authors
- Roth, B. L.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Roth, Bryan L.
- ORCID
- Roth, Bryan L.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 683-694
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4759656
- OpenAlex
- W2275148408
- Cited by
- 1,742
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 139 · 2025: 190 · 2024: 206 · 2023: 209 · 2022: 193 · 2021: 194 · 2020: 182 · 2019: 164 · 2018: 131 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 40
- FWCI
- 15.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (U19MH082441, U01MH105892, UO1MH105892)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P01DA035764, R01DA017204)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- DREADD, chemogenetics, neuronal transduction, brain circuits, behavior, freely moving animals
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Ligands, Drug Design, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Neurotransmitter, Translational Research, Biomedical, Molecular Targeted Therapy
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