HIF regulates multiple translated endogenous retroviruses: Implications for cancer immunotherapy
Open accessAbstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), despite having a low mutational burden, is considered immunogenic because it occasionally undergoes spontaneous regressions and often responds to immunotherapies. The signature lesion in ccRCC is inactivation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene and consequent upregulation of the HIF transcription factor. An earlier case report described a ccRCC patient who was cured by an allogeneic stem cell transplant and later found to have donor-derived T cells that recognized a ccRCC-specific peptide encoded by a HIF-responsive endogenous retrovirus (ERV), ERVE-4. We report that ERVE-4 is one of many ERVs that are induced by HIF, translated into HLA-bound peptides in ccRCCs, and capable of generating antigen-specific T cell responses. Moreover, ERV expression can be induced in non-ccRCC tumors with clinical-grade HIF stabilizers. These findings have implications for leveraging ERVs for cancer immunotherapy.
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DAC treatment could induce expression of retrotransposons normally silenced by DNA methylation, which could augment tumor immunogenicity.
“DAC treatment could induce expression of retrotransposons normally silenced by DNA methylation, which could also augment tumor immunogenicity10–14,99.”
From Multi-omic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma reveals aberrant cis-regulatory changes and dysregulated retrotransposons with prognostic potential (2025) · cites this paper as [99]
The Results (Pharmacological Induction of HIF-responsive ERVs; page unavailable) show that the DNMT1 inhibitor GSK3685032 induced ERV4700 RNA in renal cancer cells. The Introduction says DNA methylation usually represses ERV transcription, and the Discussion links ERV expression to immune activation. The paper does not establish that DAC specifically produces these effects; it tested a different inhibitor. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Glucose Metabolism and Oxygen Availability Govern Reactivation of the Latent Human Retrovirus HTLV-1
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The HIV-1 HLA-A2-SLYNTVATL Is a Help-Independent CTL Epitope1
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Self-citationIntegrated epigenomic profiling reveals endogenous retrovirus reactivation in renal cell carcinoma
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Self-citationChallenges and solutions for therapeutic TCR ‐based agents
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Sensitivity of VHL mutant kidney cancers to HIF2 inhibitors does not require an intact p53 pathway
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Self-citationExpression and Regulation of the Endogenous Retrovirus 3 in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cells
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PBRM1 Inactivation Promotes Upregulation of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in a HIF-Dependent Manner
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Parsing digital or analog TCR performance through piconewton forces
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Self-citationHLA-I immunopeptidome profiling of human cells infected with high-containment enveloped viruses
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [94]Yu Z, Lv Y, Su C, Lu W, Zhang R, Li J, Guo B, Yan H, Liu D, Yang Z, (2023). Integrative Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulatory Features of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Research 83, 700– 719. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-22-2224. 36607615 PMC9978887 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cheng, C. C. Y., Cheung, M. F., Lee, A. Y., Wu, Q., Chow, S. H.-C., Ang, J. Y. J., Riquelme Medina, I., Lo, G., Wu, H., Yang, W., et al. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-09154-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jiang, Q., Braun, D. A., Clauser, K. R., Ramesh, V., Shirole, N. H., Duke-Cohan, J. E., Nabilsi, N., Kramer, N. J., Forman, C., Lippincott, I. E., Klaeger, S., Phulphagar, K. M., Chea, V., Kim, N., Vanasse, A. P., Saad, E., Parsons, T., Carr-Reynolds, M., Carulli, I., Pinjusic, K., Jiang, Y., Li, R., Syamala, S., Rachimi, S., Verzani, E. K., Stevens, J. D., Lane, W. J., Camp, S. Y., Meli, K., Pappalardi, M. B., Herbert, Z. T., Qiu, X., Cejas, P., Long, H. W., Shukla, S. A., Van Allen, E. M., Choueiri, T. K., Churchman, L. S., Abelin, J. G., Gurer, C., MacBeath, G., Childs, R. W., Carr, S. A., Keskin, D. B., Wu, C. J., & Kaelin, W. G.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- TScan Therapeutics (United States) (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United States) (US)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Boston University (US)
- ORCID
- Jiang, Qinqin
- Braun, David A.
- Clauser, Karl R.
- Ramesh, Vijyendra
- Shirole, Nitin H.
- Kramer, Nicholas J.
- Lippincott, Isabelle E.
- Klaeger, Susan
- Chea, Vipheaviny
- Saad, Eddy
- Carulli, Isabel
- Li, Rong
- Syamala, Sudeepa
- Rachimi, Suzanna
- Verzani, Eva K.
- Lane, William J.
- Camp, Sabrina Y.
- Meli, Kevin
- Pappalardi, Melissa B.
- Herbert, Zachary T.
- Qiu, Xintao
- Cejas, Paloma
- Long, Henry W.
- Shukla, Sachet A.
- Choueiri, Toni K.
- Churchman, L. Stirling
- Abelin, Jennifer G.
- MacBeath, Gavin
- Carr, Steven A.
- Keskin, Derin B.
- Wu, Catherine J.
- Kaelin, William G.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-04
- Volume
- 188
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1807-1827.e34
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11988688
- OpenAlex
- W4408028077
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 132
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 23
- FWCI
- 28.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (5R35CA210068)
- US Department of Defense (W81XWH-22-1-0096)
- National Institutes of Health (R01GM123002)
- National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute (U01CA271402, U24CA270823, 5R01CA155010)
- Breast Cancer Research Foundation
- Yale Cancer Center (P30CA01635)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (225660)
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation (U54CA272688, R01HL157174, R01CA285308, R01CA279391)
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK3685032)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Keywords
- hypoxia-inducible factor, endogenous retroviruses, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, VHL inactivation, HIF stabilizers, HLA-bound peptides, tumor antigen presentation, donor T cells, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, cancer immunotherapy, tumor immunogenicity
- MeSH terms
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Humans, Immunotherapy, Kidney Neoplasms, T-Lymphocytes, Endogenous Retroviruses, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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