Cited by 724Cancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismGenomics and Chromatin DynamicsChromatin Remodeling and Cancer

High-resolution genome-wide mapping of HIF-binding sites by ChIP-seq

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Schödel, Johannes, Oikonomopoulos, Spyros, Ragoussis, Jiannis, Pugh, Christopher W., Ratcliffe, Peter J., Mole, David R.·2011·Blood

Abstract

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) regulates the major transcriptional cascade central to the response of all mammalian cells to alterations in oxygen tension. Expression arrays indicate that many hundreds of genes are regulated by this pathway, controlling diverse processes that in turn orchestrate both oxygen delivery and utilization. However, the extent to which HIF exerts direct versus indirect control over gene expression together with the factors dictating the range of HIF-regulated genes remains unclear. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to high throughput sequencing, we identify HIF-binding sites across the genome, independently of gene architecture. Using gene set enrichment analysis, we demonstrate robust associations with the regulation of gene expression by HIF, indicating that these sites operate over long genomic intervals. Analysis of HIF-binding motifs demonstrates sequence preferences outside of the core RCGTG-binding motif but does not reveal any additional absolute sequence requirements. Across the entire genome, only a small proportion of these potential binding sites are bound by HIF, although occupancy of potential sites was enhanced approximately 20-fold at normoxic DNAse1 hypersensitivity sites (irrespective of distance from promoters), suggesting that epigenetic regulation of chromatin may have an important role in defining the response to hypoxia.

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Crossref · 10.1182/blood-2010-10-314427

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  • ChIP-seq showed that HIF binding sites exist outside of promoter sequences and that HIF binds to other sites as well as the core A/GCGTG motif.

    “A study using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) showed that HIF binding sites exist outside of promoter sequences and that HIF binds to other sites as well as the core A/GCGTG motif (Schodel et al., 2011).”

    From Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer (2016) · cites this paper as Schodel et al., 2011

    The Results report many ChIP-seq HIF-binding sites outside promoter regions. They also report sequence preferences flanking the core RCGTG motif and enrichment of an AP-1-like motif in HIF-binding regions. They do not establish that HIF binds an alternative motif instead of the core motif, as the citing sentence may imply. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The global architecture of HIF-1- and HIF-2-dependent target gene networks remains largely conserved across different cell types.

    “Notwithstanding these distinctions, the global architecture of HIF-1- and HIF-2-dependent target gene networks remains largely conserved across different cell types [7,66,68,70]”

    From HIF inhibition: Current strategies and clinical challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [68]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) suggests that isoform-specific HIF-binding patterns might extend across cell types and reports some overlap in binding sites between cell types. It does not establish that the global architecture of HIF-1- and HIF-2-dependent target gene networks remains largely conserved; the cross-cell comparison found 42% promoter-site and 36% promoter-distant-site overlap. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • For HIF-2α, as many as 70% of the identified HIF-2 binding sites lay outside promoter regions.

    “This was particularly true for HIF-2α, for which as many as 70% of the identified HIF-2 binding sites lay outside promoter regions.”

    From Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer (2016) · cites this paper as Schodel et al., 2011

  • Promoter-proximal HIF-1 binding correlates with a higher transcript abundance.

    “Promoter-proximal HIF-1 binding correlates with a higher transcript abundance [68,71,79,82]”

    From HIF inhibition: Current strategies and clinical challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [68]

  • Most functional HREs reside within open chromatin, and HIF-1 preferentially binds promoter-proximal regions, whereas HIF-2 more frequently occupies distal enhancers.

    “Most functional HREs reside within open chromatin [68,80,81] and HIF-1 preferentially binds promoter-proximal regions, whereas HIF-2 more frequently occupies distal enhancers”

    From HIF inhibition: Current strategies and clinical challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [68]

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Authors
Schödel, J., Oikonomopoulos, S., Ragoussis, J., Pugh, C. W., Ratcliffe, P. J., & Mole, D. R.
Affiliations
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
Venue
Blood
Published
2011-06-09
Volume
117
Issue
23
Pages
e207-e217
ISSN
  • 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
  • 1528-0020
OpenAlex
W1969734439
Cited by
724
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 22
FWCI
15.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Blood (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust (090532)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
Keywords
hypoxia-inducible factor, transcriptional regulation, hypoxia response, oxygen partial pressure, chromatin accessibility, epigenetic regulation, gene set enrichment analysis, sequence motifs
MeSH terms
Chromosome Mapping, Female, Humans, Oxygen, Genome, Human, Response Elements, Epigenesis, Genetic, Cell Line, Tumor, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins, Genome-Wide Association Study

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