Cited by 1,693Cancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismKruppel-like factors researchAngiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer

HIF1α and HIF2α: sibling rivalry in hypoxic tumour growth and progression

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Keith, Brian, Johnson, Randall S., Simon, M. Celeste·2012·Nature Reviews Cancer

Abstract

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are broadly expressed in human cancers, and HIF1α and HIF2α were previously suspected to promote tumour progression through largely overlapping functions. However, this relatively simple model has now been challenged in light of recent data from various approaches that reveal unique and sometimes opposing activities of these HIFα isoforms in both normal physiology and disease. These effects are mediated in part through the regulation of unique target genes, as well as through direct and indirect interactions with important oncoproteins and tumour suppressors, including MYC and p53. As HIF inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical evaluation as cancer therapeutics, a more thorough understanding of the unique roles performed by HIF1α and HIF2α in human neoplasia is warranted.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nrc3183

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  • By recruiting transcriptional co-activators, HIFs regulate expression of numerous genes involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, erythropoiesis, apoptosis, pH regulation, metastasis, and cellular differentiation.

    “By recruiting transcriptional co-activators, HIFs regulate the expression of numerous genes involved in different processes including angiogenesis, metabolism, erythropoiesis, apoptosis, pH regulation, metastasis, and cellular differentiation (Semenza, 2003;Keith et al., 2012).”

    From Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer (2016) · cites this paper as Keith et al., 2012

    The Introduction and ‘Direct regulation of gene expression by HIF1α and HIF2α’ (pages unavailable) say that HIFs regulate many hypoxia-induced genes and discuss targets involved in processes such as metabolism and differentiation. But the review describes interactions with transcriptional co-factors as likely, rather than establishing co-activator recruitment as the mechanism for the entire listed range; the passages examined do not establish pH regulation as part of that range. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Deacetylation of HIF-2α by SIRT1 increases HIF-2α's transcriptional activity, while deacetylation of HIF-1α results in transcriptional repression.

    “Deacetylation of HIF-2α by SIRT1, a deacetylase, increases HIF-2α's transcriptional activity, while deacetylation of HIF-1α results in transcriptional repression.”

    From Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer (2016) · cites this paper as Keith et al., 2012

    The Acetylation section states that SIRT1 deacetylation enhances HIF-2α transcriptional activity. It also reports HIF-1α transcriptional repression, but says that effect was not universally observed; the claim omits that qualification. No page number is provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • VEGF expression was unchanged in all samples examined.

    “Interestingly, the expression of VEGF, which is commonly considered a HIF-1α and HIF-2α target gene [19], was unchanged in all of the samples examined.”
  • GLUT-1 was decreased in two patients.

    “GLUT-1, known to be targeted by both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, was only decreased in 2 patients [19].”

    From Pilot trial of EZN-2968, an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), in patients with refractory solid tumors (2014) · cites this paper as [19]

    The passages from the review’s Acetylation and Differential stability sections discuss HIF activity and glucose transport, but do not report GLUT-1 decreasing in two patients. Searches for “GLUT-1,” “GLUT1,” and “two patients decreased expression” found no passage addressing that patient-level result. (LLM, conf=0.75)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Keith, B., Johnson, R. S., & Simon, M. C.
Affiliations
  • Abramson Cancer Center (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Simon, M. Celeste
Venue
Nature Reviews Cancer
Published
2011-12-15
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
9-22
ISSN
  • 1474-175X (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1768
OpenAlex
W1998664010
Cited by
1,693
References
197
Citations by year
2026: 82 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 126 · 2021: 135 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 124 · 2018: 123 · 2017: 117 · 2016: 112 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 141 · 2013: 122 · 2012: 70
FWCI
7.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • Wellcome Trust (092738/Z/10/Z)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL066310)
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA158301)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Kruppel-like factors research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Keywords
HIF-1α, HIF-2α, hypoxia-inducible factor, tumor hypoxia, tumor progression, HIF target genes, c-Myc, p53, HIF inhibitors, cancer therapeutics, oxygen sensing
MeSH terms
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1, Acetylation, Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Neoplasms, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Proteins, Cell Hypoxia, Genes, p53, Genes, myc, Disease Progression, Multiprotein Complexes, Cell Proliferation, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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