Cited by 153RNA Research and SplicingGenomics and Chromatin DynamicsNuclear Structure and Function

Comprehensive RNA Polymerase II Interactomes Reveal Distinct and Varied Roles for Each Phospho-CTD Residue

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Harlen, Kevin M., Trotta, Kristine L., Smith, Erin E., Mosaheb, Mohammad M., Fuchs, Stephen M., Churchman, L. Stirling·2016·Cell Reports

Abstract

Transcription controls splicing and other gene regulatory processes, yet mechanisms remain obscure due to our fragmented knowledge of the molecular connections between the dynamically phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain (CTD) and regulatory factors. By systematically isolating phosphorylation states of the CTD heptapeptide repeat (Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7), we identify hundreds of protein factors that are differentially enriched, revealing unappreciated connections between the Pol II CTD and co-transcriptional processes. These data uncover a role for threonine-4 in 3' end processing through control of the transition between cleavage and termination. Furthermore, serine-5 phosphorylation seeds spliceosomal assembly immediately downstream of 3' splice sites through a direct interaction with spliceosomal subcomplex U1. Strikingly, threonine-4 phosphorylation also impacts splicing by serving as a mark of co-transcriptional spliceosome release and ensuring efficient post-transcriptional splicing genome-wide. Thus, comprehensive Pol II interactomes identify the complex and functional connections between transcription machinery and other gene regulatory complexes.

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  • PRO-seq and NET-seq confirmed a pause at the 3′ splice site in budding yeast and Drosophila, at the 3′ and 5′ splice sites in human cells, and at the 5′ splice site in plants.

    “These methods also confirmed the existence of a pause at the 3′ splice site in budding yeast (Harlen et al, 2016) and Drosophila (Kwak et al, 2013), at the 3′ and 5′ splice sites in human cells (Mayer et al, 2015; Nojima et al, 2015) and at the 5′ splice site in plants (Kindgren et al, 2020).”

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Authors
Harlen, K. M., Trotta, K. L., Smith, E. E., Mosaheb, M. M., Fuchs, S. M., & Churchman, L. S.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Tufts University (US)
Corresponding author
Churchman, L. Stirling
Venue
Cell Reports
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-06
Volume
15
Issue
10
Pages
2147-2158
ISSN
2211-1247 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2399619985
Cited by
150
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 4
FWCI
10.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • U.S. National Institutes of Health NHGRI (R01HG007173)
  • Damon Runyon Dale F. Frey Award
  • Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award
  • U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE1144152)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
Keywords
RNA polymerase II, C-terminal domain phosphorylation, protein-protein interaction network, 3' end processing, spliceosome assembly, U1 snRNP, co-transcriptional splicing, transcriptional regulation
MeSH terms
Protein Domains, Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acids, Models, Genetic, Phosphorylation, RNA Polymerase II, RNA Splicing, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Structure-Activity Relationship, Genome, Fungal, Spliceosomes, Proteomics, Protein Interaction Maps, Transcription Termination, Genetic

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