The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in college students
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“have been shown to constitute an at-risk population regarding excessive and addictive smartphone use1–4”
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Hu, J., Peng, C., Yan, B., Cheng, J.-H., Rong, F., Wang, Y., Xu, Z., Zhang, N., Guan, M., & Yu, Y.-Z. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07792-1
“Students with PMPU tend to focus less on academic achievement, as most of their time is consumed by using mobile phones, compared to stu - dents without PMPU (Lepp et al., 2014 ).”
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“Long-term smartphone use is associated with increased social isolation and decreased physical activity (Buke et al., 2021; Dwyer et al., 2023; Kardos et al., 2018; Lepp et al., 2014; Srivastava, 2005).”
Ali, M. M., & Saher, S. (2025) · Trends in Social Sciences · doi:10.21124/tss.2025.35.40
Koğar, H., SAYIN, A., Şekercioğlu, G., Koğar, E. Y., & Kafes, H. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70800
“Other studies have also found a negative correlation between smartphone addiction and academic achievement (Lepp et al. 2014; Li et al. 2015).”
Emmanuela, A. O., Anyalewechi Ajaegbu Lucy, T., & Gbamanja, G. P. E. (2025) · doi:10.38124/ijisrt/25aug1047
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Bursuc, F.-A., & Pohl, H. (2025) · Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact. · doi:10.1145/3743729 · Cited by 1
“One example study is by Lepp et al. [39], who focused on college students and their phone use and found that phone use positively correlates with anxiety.”
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Bravo, L., & Elupula, K. (2025) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2025.1310005
Rymowicz, R. (2021) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375257.lg03
Chapter 7. Online Shopping and Auctions
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Chapter 9. Special Considerations for Older Adults
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Chapter 5. Internet Surfing and Information Overload
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Chapter 8. Children and Adolescents
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Chapter 10. New and Emerging Addictive Technologies
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Zeidan, J., Hallit, S., Akel, M., Louragli, I., & Obeïd, S. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16590917
Chapter 4. Texting, Emailing, and Other Online Messaging
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Chapter 2. Cybersex and Online Pornography
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“Lepp et al. (2014) discovered a correlation between high levels of smartphone usage and decreased GPA scores, underscoring the negative impact of such technology on students' academic performance.”
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“In contrast to samples defined by academically structured or institutionally regulated digital usage, the results here show a higher prevalence of addiction(Junco, 2012; Lepp et al., 2014).”
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“While most studies indicate a positive relationship between smartphone addiction and anxiety, a study by Lepp, Barkley et al. 34 found a negative correlation between the two variables.”
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Yaman, Ö. N. T., & YALÇIN, Y. (2026) · BIOtecnia · doi:10.18633/biotecnia.v28.2915
Tang, Y., Guo, J., & Hu, X. (2026) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-026-01070-y
“This observation aligns with the notion that life evaluation, especially among adolescents, is heavily influenced by success in important life endeavors, with academic performance being a primary domain for this age group (Lepp et al., 2014).”
Šutaković, T., Gomezel, A. S., & Drnovšek, M. (2026) · Journal of Enterprising Culture · doi:10.1142/s0218495826500093
Khatun, S., Ridoy, M. M. H., Noman, A. H., Sharon, M. M. H., Mia, M. R., Islam, J., Himel, S. H., & Shahrier, M. A. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0353865
“In educational settings, smartphone use disrupts the learning process, as students engage in social media or other online communications during classes [32–34], leading to decreased attention, lower productivity, and impaired learning efficiency [35,36].”
Nasreen, N., & Loan, F. A. (2026) · Journal of Knowledge & Communication Management · doi:10.5958/2277-7946.2026.00004.5
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Engineer, M., Becker, S. P., Xiao, X., Michaels, R. B., Lazar, A., & Dixon, E. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101215 · Cited by 1
Bai, Y., Peng, Y., Chen, Y., & Wang, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1873493
“Smartphone addiction has been a worldwide phenomenon and is increasingly common among college students (Jiang and Zhao, 2016; Lepp et al., 2014).”
Ștefancu, E., & Maricutoiu, L. P. (2026) · Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.2478/rjap-2026-0007
“The study has shown that technology-related distraction can interfere with concentration and academic engagement, even when it is not accompanied by intense distress (Lepp et al., 2013).”
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Altın, R., & Ak, N. Y. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09958-x
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“Based on the findings of Lepp et al. (2014), the average daily smartphone usage time for students is approximately 300 min [25], and Clayton et al. (2015) found that smartphone users send an average of 109 text messages per day [24].”
Smartphone Addiction Modulates Object-Based Attention
Liu, J., Yang, T., Gao, Y., Zhang, Y., Kong, F., & Zhao, J. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16091581
“…addiction is negatively associated with psychological well-being, academic performance, and sleep quality (Bjornsen & Archer, 2015; Demirci et al., 2015; Elhai et al., 2019; Fekih-Romdhane et al., 2022; Hartanto & Yang, 2016; Lepp et al., 2014; R.-D. Liu et al., 2019; Samaha & Hawi, 2016).”
The relationship between smartphone addiction and shyness among medical college students
Yin, Z., He, R., Chang, R., & Liu, Q. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000050906
“[7,8] Smartphone addiction may exacerbate their academic stress and social difficulties, [9,10] making it crucial to investigate the influencing factors and mechanisms of smartphone addiction among medical students.”
Ari, L. L., Levy, M., Shachar‐Lavie, I., Bachner‐Melman, R., & Brenner, I. (2026) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-026-01784-7
Tatala, M. (2026) · Roczniki Kulturoznawcze · doi:10.18290/rkult26173.7
Bhattacharya, S., Dasgupta, A., Ghosh, S., Jahnavi, G., Boratne, A. V., Venugopal, V., Richa, Panigrahi, S. K., Kumar, S., Singh, D., et al. (2026) · Indian Journal of Community Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_909_25
McLeroy, A. M., & Tanksley, T. (2026) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051261489877
Kılınç, G., Kuru, E., Ersin, N., Çelik, H., Acar, S., Ilgenli, I., & Kılınç, O. (2026) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2026.2749732
Mfodwo, R. D., Bamfo, H. D., & Cudjoe, R. C. (2026) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-026-02318-8
“Nevertheless, the importance of smartphone usage cannot be overlooked [3, 14, 23].”
Coșa, L. E., & Trifan, I.-M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1963771
Metadata
- Authors
- Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Kent State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lepp, Andrew
- Venue
- Computers in Human Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-02
- Volume
- 31
- Pages
- 343-350
- ISSN
- 0747-5632 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998146685
- Cited by
- 990
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 14
- FWCI
- 116.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers in Human Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Personal Information Management and User Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- mobile phone use, text messaging, academic performance, anxiety, life satisfaction, subjective well-being, university students, GPA, mental health, mediation
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