Cited by 990Impact of Technology on AdolescentsPersonal Information Management and User BehaviorStudent Stress and Coping

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in college students

Lepp, Andrew, Barkley, Jacob E., Karpinski, Aryn C.·2014·Computers in Human Behavior

DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.049

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.049

Cites

57 of 57 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Using multivariate statistics
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Untitled work
(1998) · Cited by 36,049
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407
Untitled work
(2007) · Cited by 10,092
A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling: Fourth Edition
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2015) · doi:10.4324/9781315749105 · Cited by 6,604
A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling
Finkelstein, D. (2005) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2005.s328 · Cited by 6,087
Survey Research Methods.
Hesselbart, S., & Fowler, F. J. (1985) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288598 · Cited by 4,767
Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.164 · Cited by 3,611
Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_5 · Cited by 3,462

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 58 references

1 of the 58 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Lomax, 1989, Covariance structure analysis: Extensions and developments, Vol. 1, 171
Merlo, 2008, Increased cell phone use may heighten symptoms of anxiety, Primary Psychiatry, 15, 27
Stollak, M. J., Vandenberg, A., Burklund, A., & Weiss, S. (2011). Getting social: The impact of social networking usage on grades among college students. In Proceedings from ASBBS annual conference (pp. 859–865).
United States v. Kramer (2011). United States Court of Appeals: 8th Circuit. Vol. 631. Federal 3d page 900.

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 985

The relationship between physical exercise and mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students: Testing mediation and moderation effects
Zeng, M., Chen, S., Zhou, X., Zhang, J., Chen, X., & Sun, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1000109 · Cited by 47
“For instance, it is found that mobile phone users may experience high anxiety levels and poor academic performance (Andrew et al., 2014).”
Background
Stress and Mood Associations With Smartphone Use in University Students: A 12-Week Longitudinal Study
Bradley, A. H. M., & Howard, A. L. (2023) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221116889 · Cited by 49
Excessive Smartphone Use is Associated with Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Sleep Quality of Australian Adults
Khan, A., McLeod, G., Hidajat, T. J., & Edwards, E. J. (2023) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-023-02005-3 · Cited by 63
An examination of mobile app usage and the user’s life satisfaction
Linnhoff, S., & Smith, K. T. (2016) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/0965254x.2016.1195857 · Cited by 42
“In turn, lower grades negatively impacted the student’s level of anxiety and overall satisfaction with life (Lepp et al., 2014).”
Background
Maternal Mental Representations of the Child and Mobile Phone Use During Parent-Child Mealtimes
Radesky, J. S., Leung, C. Y. Y., Appugliese, D. P., Miller, A. L., Lumeng, J. C., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2018) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000556 · Cited by 41
“satisfaction(11) and anxious dependence on relationships.(12) However, mobile device use has not been studied regarding similar aspects of the parent-child relationship.”
Background
Two dimensions of problematic smartphone use mediate the relationship between fear of missing out and emotional well-being
Gugushvili, N., Täht, K., Rozgonjuk, D., Raudlam, M., Ruiter, R. A. C., & Verduyn, P. (2020) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2020-2-3 · Cited by 56
“…with negative outcomes such as decreased productivity (Duke & Montag, 2017), low academic achievement and distraction from the learning process (Lepp et al., 2014; Rozgonjuk, Kattago, et al., 2018; Rozgonjuk, Saal, et al., 2018; Samaha & Hawi, 2016), and low quality communication in social…”
Background
Effects of breaks on regaining vitality at work: An empirical comparison of ‘conventional’ and ‘smart phone’ breaks
Rhee, H., & Kim, S. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.056 · Cited by 48
Brain behavioral systems, self-control and problematic mobile phone use: The moderating role of gender and history of use
Jiang, Z., & Zhao, X. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.036 · Cited by 40
“Sincemany studies did not observe gender difference in mobile phone overuse, they argued that culture and age rather than gender may be the critical factors influencing mobile phone use (Baron & Campbell, 2012; Bianchi & Phillips, 2005; Lepp et al., 2014).”
Background
The Negative Effect of Smartphone Use on Academic Performance May Be Overestimated: Evidence From a 2-Year Panel Study
Bjerre-Nielsen, A., Andersen, A., Minor, K., & Lassen, D. D. (2020) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797620956613 · Cited by 40
How are smartphones associated with adolescent materialism?
Wang, P., Nie, J., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Xie, X., Lei, L., & Ouyang, M. (2018) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105318801069 · Cited by 44
“Prior research indicates that it has a set of negative influences on adolescent development (Lepp et al., 2014; Samaha and Hawi, 2016; Seo et al., 2016; Thomee et al., 2011; Xie et al., 2016).”
Background
Internalizing problems as a mediator in the relationship between low effortful control and internet abuse in adolescence: A three-wave longitudinal study
Pace, U., D'Urso, G., & Zappulla, C. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.030 · Cited by 46
Disconnect to detox: a study of smartphone addiction among young adults in India
Handa, M., & Ahuja, P. (2020) · Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers · doi:10.1108/yc-12-2019-1077 · Cited by 42
Well-Being Reduces COVID-19 Anxiety: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study in China
Wang, Z., Luo, S., Xu, J., Wang, Y., Yun, H., Zhan, H., Zhan, H., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-021-00385-2 · Cited by 40
“Existing evidence shows that SWB is negatively related to anxiety (Grieve et al., 2013; Lepp et al., 2014).”
Background
The Relationship Between Nomophobia and Anxiety Levels in Healthy Young Individuals
Güneş, N. A., & Özdemir, Ç. (2021) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20210324-02 · Cited by 39
Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Smartphone Addiction and Phubbing Behavior Among College Students in China
Lai, X., Hu, C., Ying, L., Xu, H., Zhao, C., Yang, X., Yu, X., & Zhang, G. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221084905 · Cited by 42
“College students are particularly susceptible to smartphone addiction because they have more discretionary time compared to other groups and are more likely to pursue new things, but may have relatively low ability and awareness pertaining to self-control or self-regulation (Lepp et al., 2014).”
Background
Prospective cohort analysis of cellphone use and emotional and behavioural difficulties in children
Sudan, M., Olsen, J., Arah, O. A., Obel, C., & Kheifets, L. (2016) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2016-207419 · Cited by 38
The Smartphone as a Pacifier and its Consequences
Diefenbach, S., & Borrmann, K. (2019) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300536 · Cited by 47
“In the realms of work or academic performance, a correlational study found a negative association between cell phone use and academic performance [63].”
Background
The Influence of Interpersonal Sensitivity on Smartphone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Model
Li, L., Wang, X., Li, Q., Xia, B., Chen, P., & Wang, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.670223 · Cited by 43
Co‐rumination via cellphone moderates the association of perceived interpersonal stress and psychosocial well‐being in emerging adults
Murdock, K. K., Gorman, S., & Robbins, M. (2015) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.10.010 · Cited by 37
Use of media and technology, academic procrastination, and academic achievement in adolescence
Türel, Y. K., & DOKUMACI, O. (2021) · Participatory Educational Research · doi:10.17275/per.22.50.9.2 · Cited by 46
Women of Color and decent work: An examination of psychology of working theory
Kim, H. J., McNeil-Young, V. A., Wang, D., Duffy, R. D., & Underill, B. D. (2022) · The Career Development Quarterly · doi:10.1002/cdq.12291 · Cited by 44
The hidden cost of a smartphone: The effects of smartphone notifications on cognitive control from a behavioral and electrophysiological perspective
Upshaw, J. D., Stevens, C. E., Ganis, G., & Zabelina, D. L. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277220 · Cited by 55
“However, smartphone use has also been demonstrated to have negative influences in a number of important life outcomes, such as “real-world” social interactions [4], walking and driving abilities [5, 6], and educational outcomes [7, 8].”
The impact of long-term online learning on social anxiety and problematic smartphone use symptoms among secondary school students with different levels of fear of missing out: Evidence from a symptom network and longitudinal panel network analysis
Tao, Y., Tang, Q., Wang, S., Zou, X., Ma, Z., Zhang, L., Liu, G., & Liu, X. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00081 · Cited by 41
Reduced Student Life Satisfaction and Academic Performance: Unraveling the Dark Side of ChatGPT in the Higher Education Context
Duong, C. D., Vu, T. N., Ngo, T. V. N., Do, N. D., & Tran, N. M. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2356361 · Cited by 44
“…programs and workshops that raise awareness about the potential negative consequence of excessive ChatGPT usage, provide students with coping mechanisms to manage their technology interactions more mindfully and foster a healthy balance between technology use and well-being (Lepp et al., 2014).”
Does childhood maltreatment increase the subsequent risk of problematic smartphone use among adolescents? A two-wave longitudinal study
Geng, J., Bao, L., Wang, H., Wang, J., Gao, T., & Lei, L. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107250 · Cited by 40
The relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students: The mediating role of anthropomorphism and moderating role of family support
Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Xia, M., Han, M., Yan, L., & Lian, S.-L. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285189 · Cited by 46
“In the era of mobile Internet, mobile phones have even been regarded as a necessity part of the lives of college students [71].”
Background
Physical activity level, sleep quality, attention control and self-regulated learning along to smartphone addiction among college students
Choi, D. (2015) · Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society · doi:10.5762/kais.2015.16.1.429 · Cited by 35
Yawning while scrolling? Examining gender differences in the association between smartphone use and sleep quality
Amez, S., Vujić, S., Soffers, P., & Baert, S. (2020) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12971 · Cited by 42
Race, Education and #BlackLivesMatter: How Online Transformational Resistance Shapes the Offline Experiences of Black College-Age Women
Tanksley, T. (2022) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/00420859221092970 · Cited by 35
“…’ civic engagement (Robertson, 2018; Kushin & Yamamoto, 2010), perception of campus culture (Tynes et al., 2013; Tynes & Markoe, 2010), academic performance (Lepp et al., 2014), mental health & life satisfaction (Liu & LaRose, 2008), and general well-being in college (Kalpidou et al., 2011).”
Confirmation of Campus-Class-Technology Model in student engagement: A path analysis
Günüç, S., & Kuzu, A. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.041 · Cited by 42
“In addition, use of mobile tools like the smart phone for other purposes (rather than academic purposes) could have negative inﬂuence on academic performance (Lepp, Barkley, & Karpinski, 2014).”
Background
Mobile recovery? The impact of smartphone use on recovery experiences in waiting situations
Rieger, D., Hefner, D., & Vorderer, P. (2017) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/2050157917691556 · Cited by 34
“…of Internet access and its accompanying digital communication can provoke a connection overload and, therefore, contribute to stress and a decline in academic performance and sleep quality (Hefner & Vorderer, 2016; Klein Murdock, 2013; LaRose et al., 2014; Lepp et al., 2014; Thomée et al., 2011).”
Background
Are your students absent, not absent, or present? Mindfulness and student performance
Chiang, E. P., & Sumell, A. J. (2019) · The Journal of Economic Education · doi:10.1080/00220485.2018.1551096 · Cited by 34
“Previous research suggests that the cognitive-switching costs associated with multitasking can reduce performance (Junco and Cotten 2012; Lepp, Barkley, and Karpinski 2014) and diminish one’s ability to process and retain information (Chun, Golomb, and Turk-Browne 2011; Clapp et al. 2011; Marois…”
Background
The relationship between self-esteem and mobile phone addiction among college students: The chain mediating effects of social avoidance and peer relationships
Chen, C., Shen, Y., Lv, S., Wang, B., & Zhu, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1137220 · Cited by 42
“, 2016), even leads to interpersonal difficulties (Lepp et al., 2014).”
Background
Interactive effects of cumulative social-environmental risk and trait mindfulness on different types of adolescent mobile phone addiction
Liu, Q., Yang, X., & Nie, Y. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02899-1 · Cited by 35
Akıllı Cep Telefonu Bağımlılığı: Kişilik Özellikleri ve Kullanım Örüntülerinin Etkinliği Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Bal, E., & Balcı, Ş. (2020) · Erciyes İletişim Dergisi · doi:10.17680/erciyesiletisim.654569 · Cited by 36
The role of nature-deficit disorder in the associations between Mobile phone overuse and well-being and mindfulness
Wang, C., Geng, L., & Rodríguez-Casallas, J. D. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01453-9 · Cited by 36
Leisure boredom, leisure challenge, smartphone use, and emotional distress among U.S. college students: are they interrelated?
Kil, N., Kim, J., Park, J., & Lee, C. (2021) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614367.2021.1931414 · Cited by 39
“Using the same inventory, Lepp et al. (2014) found that daily time spent using cell phones for various uses (e.g. calling, texting, Facebook, email, sending photos) was positively related to anxiety among U.S. college students.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem
Zeidan, J., Hallit, S. R., Akel, M., Louragli, I., & Obeïd, S. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00638-y · Cited by 35
Preference for Solitude and Mobile Phone Addiction Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress and Moderating Role of Mindfulness
Chen, W., Yan, L., Yuan, Y.-R., Zhu, X.-W., Zhang, Y., & Lian, S.-L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750511 · Cited by 36
Testing the feasibility of a media multitasking self-regulation intervention for students: Behaviour change, attention, and self-perception
Parry, D. A., Roux, D., & Bantjes, J. R. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.106182 · Cited by 38
Time on the trail, smartphone use, and place attachment among Pacific Crest Trail thru-hikers
Amerson, K., Rose, J., Lepp, A., & Dustin, D. L. (2019) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.2019.1680264 · Cited by 38
Self-citation
Investigating the attentional bias and information processing mechanism of mobile phone addicts towards emotional information
Hu, Y., Guo, J., Jou, M., Zhou, S., Wang, D., Maguire, P., Wei, J., & Qu, F. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106378 · Cited by 31
“Smart Home Sweet Smart Home”
Marikyan, D., Papagiannidis, S., & Alamanos, E. (2021) · International Journal of E-Business Research · doi:10.4018/ijebr.2021040101 · Cited by 32
Relationships among problematic smartphone use, mathematics anxiety, learning interest, and achievement: A multiple mediation model
Zhou, D., Liu, J., Wang, T., Liu, J., & Li, G. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107171 · Cited by 38
Cellphone addiction explains how cellphones impair learning for lecture materials
Lee, S., McDonough, I. M., Mendoza, J. S., Brasfield, M. B., Enam, T., Reynolds, C., & Pody, B. C. (2021) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3745 · Cited by 31
Technology and English Language Teaching and Learning: A Content Analysis
Nawaila, M. B., Kanbul, S., & Alhamroni, R. (2020) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 31
The Relationship between Children’s School Adaptation, Academic Achievement, Happiness, and Problematic Smartphone Usage: A Multiple Informant Moderated Mediating Model
Eoh, Y., Lee, E., & Park, S. H. (2022) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-022-10080-w · Cited by 38
Smartphone use, flow and wellbeing: A case of Jekyll and Hyde
Lavoie, R. V., & Zheng, Y. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107442 · Cited by 32
Modifying the Sleep Treatment Education Program for Students to include technology use (STEPS‐TECH): Intervention effects on objective and subjective sleep outcomes
Barber, L. K., & Cucalon, M. S. (2017) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2746 · Cited by 31
The role of compulsive texting in adolescents’ academic functioning.
Lister-Landman, K. M., Domoff, S. E., & Dubow, E. F. (2015) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/ppm0000100 · Cited by 40
“Similarly, research has demonstrated a negative relation between texting and overall GPA (Harman & Sato, 2011; Lepp et al., 2014) and a negative relation between frequency of texting while doing schoolwork and GPA in college students (Junco & Cotten, 2012).”
Background
Cellular telephone use during free-living walking significantly reduces average walking speed
Barkley, J. E., & Lepp, A. (2016) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2001-y · Cited by 31
“For example, excessive cell phone use has been linked with an increased incidence of traffic accidents, elevated anxiety, lack of sleep, poor academic performance and lower cardiorespiratory fitness [2, 4–12].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Perspectives and Experiences of Smartphone Overuse among University Students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Analysis
Alotaibi, M. S., Fox, M., Coman, R. L., Ratan, Z. A., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19074397 · Cited by 37
“Due to the flexibility and mobility of smartphones, students can access the internet anywhere; this allows them to search for their study-related materials or obtain general information [14].”
Background
Cell phone use distracts young adults from academic work with limited benefit to self-regulatory behavior
Joshi, S. C., Woodward, J., & Woltering, S. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03830-4 · Cited by 42
“Researchers were specifically concerned about the amount of time spent on cell phone activities as Lepp et al. (2014) said, “it may be that high-frequency cell phone users, in comparison to low-frequency users, spend less time focused on academic pursuits (i.e., attending class, completing homework…”
BackgroundInfluential
The Effects of Children’s Smartphone Addiction on Sleep Duration: The Moderating Effects of Gender and Age
Yoon, J., Jeong, K.-H., & Cho, H. J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115943 · Cited by 34
“However, as smartphone addiction among children and adolescents is becoming more severe, resulting in increased sleep deprivation among those who are over-dependent on smartphones [5,6], the significant results of this study should be considered seriously.”
Background
Flow mediates the relationship between problematic smartphone use and satisfaction with life among college students
Pearson, B. A. D., Young, C. M., Shank, F., & Neighbors, C. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1910274 · Cited by 32
Bedtime smartphone use and academic performance: A longitudinal analysis from the stressor-strain-outcome perspective
Lin, Y., & Zhou, X. Y. (2022) · Computers and Education Open · doi:10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100110 · Cited by 41
“For instance, the high degree of flexibility afforded by smartphones enables students to bridge the learning gap due to diverse geographical locations [28] and easily access network-based learning materials and services anytime and anywhere [51].”
Background
Technology Solutions to Reduce Anxiety and Increase Cognitive Availability in Students
Hawes, D., & Arya, A. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2023.3239985 · Cited by 43
“consumption were positively correlated to anxiety and negatively correlated to GPA performance [58].”
Background
Early mobile phone ownership: influencing the wellbeing of girls and boys in Ireland?
Dempsey, S., Lyons, S., & McCoy, S. (2020) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482798.2020.1725902 · Cited by 28
“Earlier research has suggested mobile phone owners may experience greater anxiety as a consequence of a perceived obligation to remain constantly ”on”, always connected to a diversity of social networks through their phones (Lepp, Barkley, & Karpinski, 2014).”
Background
Impact of social media addiction on college students’ academic performance: an interdisciplinary perspective
Ning, W., & Inan, F. A. (2024) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2023.2196456 · Cited by 29
“This finding is inconsistent with previous studies (Hawi & Samaha, 2016; Lepp et al., 2014; Samaha & Hawi, 2016; Turel & Qahri-Saremi, 2016).”
An Investigation of the Relationship between University Students' Digital Burnout Levels and Perceived Stress Levels
Göldağ, B. (2021) · Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age · doi:10.53850/joltida.958039 · Cited by 44
“Samaha and Hawi (2016) concluded that there is a weak positive relationship between excessive phone use and perceived stress level, and Lepp, Barkley, and Karpinski (2014) concluded that students who use excessive phone have higher anxiety levels.”
Background
Network structure of mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms among rural Chinese adolescents
Wang, J., Luo, Y., Yan, N., Wang, Y., Shiferaw, B. D., Tang, J., Pei, Y., Chen, Q., Zhu, Y., & Wang, W. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04971-x · Cited by 29
“Since mobile phones can alleviate negative emotions, anxious individuals become increasingly dependent on them, eventually leading to addiction [17, 18].”
Background
Digital detox tourism: An Ellulian critique
Gong, Y., Schroeder, A., & Plaisance, P. L. (2023) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2023.103646 · Cited by 28
Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI): Translation, adaptation and validation of the tool in Spanish adult population
Simó-Sanz, C., Ballestar‐Tarín, M. L., & Martínez‐Sabater, A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205389 · Cited by 31
The effects of smartphone facilitated social media use, treadmill walking, and schoolwork on boredom in college students: Results of a within subjects, controlled experiment
Barkley, J. E., & Lepp, A. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106555 · Cited by 28
Self-citation
A bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on smartphone addiction and future research agenda
Khan, N. F., & Khan, M. N. (2021) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration · doi:10.1108/apjba-09-2021-0430 · Cited by 32
Tell Me a Story: Socio-Emotional Functioning, Well-Being and Problematic Smartphone Use in Adolescents With Specific Learning Disabilities
Sarti, D., Bettoni, R., Offredi, I., Tironi, M., Lombardi, E., Traficante, D., & Lorusso, M. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02369 · Cited by 33
Enlisting friends to reduce sexual victimization risk: There's an app for that… but nobody uses it
Blayney, J. A., Jenzer, T., Read, J. P., Livingston, J. A., & Testa, M. (2018) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1446439 · Cited by 26
“of 5 hours per day on their phones, which includes sending roughly 80 texts per day.(15) Mobile phones also offer an opportunity for students to engage socially with their peers.”
Background
Investigation of Learning Behaviors and Achievement of Vocational High School Students Using an Ubiquitous Physics Tablet PC App
Purba, S. W. D., & Hwang, W. (2017) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10956-016-9681-x · Cited by 25
“According to a Pearson survey, most students expect to use mobile devices in their classrooms (Lepp et al. 2014).”
Background
Smartphone use and academic performance: First evidence from longitudinal data
Amez, S., Vujić, S., Marez, L. D., & Baert, S. (2021) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448211012374 · Cited by 35
“, 2019), and (iv) physical fitness (Lepp et al., 2014).”
Student-student relationship and adolescent problematic smartphone use: The mediating role of materialism and the moderating role of narcissism
Ouyang, M., Cai, X., Yin, Y., Zeng, P., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Xie, X., & Wang, P. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104766 · Cited by 25
The relations between smartphone use, mood, and flow experience
Marty-Dugas, J., & Smilek, D. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109966 · Cited by 28
Parents’ Attitudes Toward School Students’ Overuse of Smartphones and Its Detrimental Health Impacts: Qualitative Study
Buabbas, A. J., Hasan, H., & Shehab, A. A. (2021) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/24196 · Cited by 25
“The relationship between the use of mobile devices and poor sleep has been reported in several previous studies [44-46].”
Result
Social anxiety, maladaptive cognition, mobile phone addiction, and perceived social support: A moderated mediation model
Zhou, H., Jiang, H., Zhang, B., & Liang, H. (2021) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2021.1927354 · Cited by 25
“With the prevalence of mobile phones, compulsive and uncontrolled mobile phone use (i .e ., mobile phone addiction) has become the focus of research in recent years (Chen et al ., 2016; Lepp et al ., 2014) .”
Background
The Influence of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Craving Degree for University Students with Mobile Phone Dependency: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Guan, Y., Shangguan, R., Ke, Y., & Wang, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19158983 · Cited by 29
The mediating role of personality traits on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and digital addiction
Parmaksız, İ. (2022) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-10996-8 · Cited by 29
“The modern digital world offers students attractive opportunities to spend their free time, and some students engage in the activities that the digital world has to offer instead of fulfilling their academic responsibilities (Lepp et al., 2014).”
Background
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Apps Designed to Reduce Mobile Phone Use and Prevent Maladaptive Mobile Phone Use: Multimethod Study
Rahmillah, F. I., Tariq, A., King, M., & Oviedo-Trespalacios, Ó. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/42541 · Cited by 32
“Other issues linked to MMPU include decreased academic performance (measured in terms of grade point average) [4,5], increased anxiety [4], increased stress [4-6], and irregular sleep patterns [6].”
Examining the Relationship between Life Satisfaction, Smartphone Addiction, and Maternal Parenting Behavior: A South Korean Example of Mothers with Infants
Song, S., Park, B., Kim, J., Kim, J. E., & Park, N.-S. (2018) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-018-9581-0 · Cited by 25
Edging into the future: education in microbiology and beyond
Fahnert, B. (2016) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1093/femsle/fnw048 · Cited by 25
Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: First Evidence from Longitudinal Data
Amez, S., Vujic, S., De Marez, L., & Baert, S. (2020) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3521679 · Cited by 25
Color me calm: Grayscale phone setting reduces anxiety and problematic smartphone use
Holte, A. J., Giesen, D. T., & Ferraro, F. R. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02020-y · Cited by 22
Undergraduates short form video addiction and learning burnout association involving anxiety symptoms and coping styles moderation
Mao, M., & Liao, F. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-09656-x · Cited by 28
“Anxiety symptoms increase students’ perceived cognitive load during learning 40,41 while impairing their critical cognitive resources, such as attentional focus and information processing efficiency.”
Factors causing stress among first-year students attending a nursing college in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Langtree, E. M., Razak, A., & Haffejee, F. (2018) · African Journal of Health Professions Education · doi:10.7196/ajhpe.2018.v10i2.993 · Cited by 24
Social media and student performance: the moderating role of ICT knowledge
Dzogbenuku, R. K., Amoako, G. K., & Kumi, D. K. (2019) · Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society · doi:10.1108/jices-08-2019-0092 · Cited by 25
Epidemiology of gaming disorder and its effect on anxiety and insomnia in Chinese ethnic minority adolescents
Wei, Q., Zhang, S., Pan, Y., Hu, H., Chen, F., Yin, W., Lin, Q., Pan, S., Tham, C., & Wu, J. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03894-3 · Cited by 27
Association between Problematic Use of Smartphones and Mental Health in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: A Systematic Review
Bouazza, S., Soukaina, E., Abbouyi, S., Rhazi, K. E., & Zarrouq, B. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20042891 · Cited by 31
“The association between PSU and insomnia could be explained by the fact that excessive smartphone use causes the user to stay up late at night to not miss a message, information, or stage of an online game, which causes sleep disruption due to exposure to radiation and blue light from smartphone screens, which affects…”
Background
Cyberloafing: Exploring the Role of Psychological Wellbeing and Social Media Learning
Krishna, S. M., & Agrawal, S. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13080649 · Cited by 40
Role of smartphone addiction in gambling passion and schoolwork engagement: a Dualistic Model of Passion approach
Enwereuzor, I. K., Ugwu, L. E., & Ugwu, D. I. (2016) · Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health · doi:10.1186/s40405-016-0018-8 · Cited by 29
Understanding student simultaneous smartphone use in learning settings: A conceptual framework
Fu, E., Gao, Q., Wei, C., Chen, Q., & Liu, Y. (2020) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12471 · Cited by 33
Psychological factors and alcohol use in problematic mobile phone use in the Spanish population
De-Sola, J., Talledo, H., Rubio, G., & de Fonseca, F. R. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00011 · Cited by 39
“(48) find that mobile phone use is positively related to anxiety and that anxiety has a negative relationship with the level of personal life satisfaction.”
Background
Relationships of gaming disorder, ADHD, and academic performance in university students: A mediation analysis
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0300680 · Cited by 29
Smartphone Ownership, Minors’ Well-being, and Parental Mediation Strategies. An Analysis in the Context of Social Media Influencers
Cárdaba, M. Á. M., Díaz, M. V. M., Pérez, P. L., & Castro, J. A. G. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-02013-7 · Cited by 29
“…between mobile phone use and a higher rate of depression (Boers et al., 2019), psychological distress (Twenge & Campbell, 2018), sleep disturbances (de Sá et al., 2023), academic underperformance (Lepp et al., 2014), and poorer quality in-person social interactions (George & Odgers, 2015).”
Background
Digitale Medien in der Kita – die Risiken werden unterschätzt!
Fröhlich-Gildhoff, K., & Fröhlich-Gildhoff, M. (2017) · Frühe Bildung · doi:10.1026/2191-9186/a000332 · Cited by 23
Students’ Perception of Cell Phones Effect on their Academic Performance: A Latvian and a Middle Eastern University Cases
Zogheib, B., & Daniela, L. (2021) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-021-09515-4 · Cited by 27
“Some results show that increased use may have adverse impact on academic performance (Lepp et al., 2014) but the results of this research do not show negative correlation between the use of cell phones and academic performance.”
VR-based Student Priming to Reduce Anxiety and Increase Cognitive Bandwidth
Hawes, D., & Arya, A. (2021) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · doi:10.1109/vr50410.2021.00046 · Cited by 23
“In a recent post-secondary study from Kent State, technology and social media consumption were positively correlated to anxiety and negatively correlated to GPA performance [36,37].”
Background
The efficacy of a training program for social skills in reducing addictive Internet behaviors among Palestinian university students
Affouneh, S. J., Mahamid, F., Berte, D. Z., Shaqour, A. Z., & Shayeb, M. (2021) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1186/s41155-021-00185-w · Cited by 23
The Role of Motivation Systems, Anxiety, and Low Self-Control in Smartphone Addiction among Smartphone-Based Social Networking Service (SNS) Users
Kwak, M., Cho, H., & Kim, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116918 · Cited by 28
“Anxiety has been known as a factor that causes the addictive use of smartphone as a consequence of alleviating the negative emotions [18,19].”
BackgroundResult
The role of smartphones in college students’ mind-wandering during learning
Şumuer, E., & Kasikci, D. N. (2022) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104616 · Cited by 31
Symbolization of mobile phone and life satisfaction among adolescents in rural areas of China: Mediating of school-related relationships
Xie, X., Zhao, F., Xie, J., & Lei, L. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.053 · Cited by 24
“Using mobile phone has a negative effect on academic performance (Hawi & Samaha, 2016; Lepp et al., 2014), and many middle schools in China have banned students' mobile phone use (Gao, Yan, Zhao, Pan, & Mo, 2014).”
Background
Micronutrient‐Fortified Milk and Academic Performance among Chinese Middle School Students: A Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial
Wang, X., Hui, Z., Dai, X., Terry, P., Zhang, Y., Ma, M., Wang, M., Deng, F., Gu, W., Lei, S., et al. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9030226 · Cited by 23
“Similarly, we did not account for factors such as “self-concept” [44], physical fitness [45], and cell phone use [46], which have been found to affect academic achievement.”
Background
Mindfulness in Mobile and Ubiquitous Learning: Harnessing the Power of Attention
Palalas, A. (2017) · Perspectives on rethinking and reforming education · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6144-8_2 · Cited by 26
“For instance, Lepp, Barkley, and Karpinski (2014) observed that in a large sample of college students, cell phone use/texting was “ negatively related to GPA and positively related to anxiety ” (p. 343).”
Background

Authors: Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C.
Affiliations: Kent State University (US)
Corresponding author: Lepp, Andrew
ORCID: Lepp, Andrew
Barkley, Jacob E.
Karpinski, Aryn C.
Venue: Computers in Human Behavior
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-02
Volume: 31
Pages: 343-350
ISSN: 0747-5632 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.049
OpenAlex: W1998146685
Cited by: 990
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 14
FWCI: 116.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Computers in Human Behavior (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Personal Information Management and User Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
Keywords: mobile phone use, text messaging, academic performance, anxiety, life satisfaction, subjective well-being, university students, GPA, mental health, mediation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in college students

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks