Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adolescent Depression

Croarkin, Paul E.; MacMaster, Frank P.

doi:10.1016/j.chc.2018.07.003

Cited by 65Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesTreatment of Major DepressionElectroconvulsive Therapy Studies

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adolescent Depression

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Croarkin, Paul E., MacMaster, Frank P.·2019·Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America

DOI 10.1016/j.chc.2018.07.003PMC PMC6221455

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Abstract

Adolescent depression is a substantial global public health problem that contributes to academic failure, occupational impairment, deficits in social functioning, substance use disorders, teen pregnancy, and completed suicide. Existing treatment options often have suboptimal results and uncertain safety profiles. Transcranial magnetic stimulation may be a promising, brain-based intervention for adolescents with depression. Existing work has methodological weaknesses, and larger, neurodevelopmentally informed studies are urgently needed. Treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation may modulate cortical GABAergic and glutamatergic imbalances. Future study will inform dosing approaches for TMS based on GABAergic and glutamatergic biomarkers.

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Studies on TMS for suicidality are often limited by small sample sizes, inconsistencies in how suicidality is measured across studies, and contradictory findings.
“Studies are often limited by small sample sizes, inconsistencies in how suicidality is measured across studies, and contradictory findings [75,76].”
From Frontal Pole Neuromodulation for Impulsivity and Suicidality in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Common Co-Occurring Mental Health Conditions: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [76]
The “Studies of TMS in Depressed Adolescents” section (page unavailable) describes only 112 participants across 10 publications, mostly case reports and open-label studies, supporting the small-sample limitation. The Safety section identifies suicidality as a concern but does not describe inconsistent measures of suicidality or contradictory findings across studies. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Drawing overall conclusions from the existing literature on TMS for suicidality remains challenging because of the heterogeneity of the data.
“However, drawing overall conclusions from the existing literature on TMS for suicidality remains challenging because of the heterogeneity of the data.”
From Frontal Pole Neuromodulation for Impulsivity and Suicidality in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Common Co-Occurring Mental Health Conditions: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [76]
The Studies of TMS in Depressed Adolescents section describes a small literature with varied study designs, populations, and stimulation protocols, supporting caution about drawing overall conclusions. The Safety section identifies increased suicidality as a possible adverse effect and notes gaps in safety data, but the paper does not assess a heterogeneous literature on TMS specifically for suicidality. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

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[41]McClintock SM Reti IM Carpenter LL Consensus Recommendations for the Clinical Application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the Treatment of Depression The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2017 PMC5846193 28541649

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Authors: Croarkin, P. E., & MacMaster, F. P.
Affiliations: Mayo Clinic (US)
University of Calgary (CA)
Corresponding author: Croarkin, Paul E.
ORCID: Croarkin, Paul E.
MacMaster, Frank P.
Venue: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-01
Volume: 28
Issue: 1
Pages: 33-43
ISSN: 1056-4993 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2018.07.003
PMC: PMC6221455
OpenAlex: W2889282839
Cited by: 65
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3
FWCI: 0.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Pfizer
National Institute of Mental Health
the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
the Mayo Clinic Foundation
Neuronetics, Inc
Assurex Health, Inc
NeoSync, Inc
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
the Canadian Foundation for Innovation
Branch Out Neurologic Foundation
Alberta Health Services
the Alberta Children’s Hospital Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
Keywords: transcranial magnetic stimulation, adolescent depression, brain development, treatment safety, biomarkers, dosage, suicide risk
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adolescent Psychiatry, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Public Health, Global Health, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adolescent Depression

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