Cited by 201Treatment of Major DepressionAdvanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Anterior Cingulate Cortexγ-Aminobutyric Acid in Depressed Adolescents: Relationship to Anhedonia

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Gabbay, Vilma·2012·Archives of General Psychiatry

Abstract

CONTEXT: Anhedonia, a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and highly variable among adolescents with MDD, may involve alterations in the major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter system of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). OBJECTIVE: To test whether anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) GABA levels, measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, are decreased in adolescents with MDD. The associations of GABA alterations with the presence and severity of anhedonia were explored. DESIGN: Case-control, cross-sectional study using single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T. SETTING: Two clinical research divisions at 2 teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty psychotropic medication-free adolescents with MDD (10 anhedonic, 12 female, aged 12-19 years) with episode duration of 8 weeks or more and 21 control subjects group matched for sex and age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anterior cingulate cortex GABA levels expressed as ratios relative to unsuppressed voxel tissue water (w) and anhedonia scores expressed as a continuous variable. RESULTS: Compared with control subjects, adolescents with MDD had significantly decreased ACC GABA/w (t = 3.2; P < .003). When subjects with MDD were categorized based on the presence of anhedonia, only anhedonic patients had decreased GABA/w levels compared with control subjects (t = 4.08; P < .001; P(Tukey) < .001). Anterior cingulate cortex GABA/w levels were negatively correlated with anhedonia scores for the whole MDD group (r = -0.50; P = .02), as well as for the entire participant sample including the control subjects (r = -0.54; P < .001). Anterior cingulate cortex white matter was also significantly decreased in adolescents with MDD compared with controls (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, may be implicated in adolescent MDD and, more specifically, in those with anhedonia. In addition, use of a continuous rather than categorical scale of anhedonia, as in the present study, may permit greater specificity in evaluating this important clinical feature.

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  1. [34]Sailasuta N LeRoux P Hurd R Wang P Sachs N Ketter T Detection of cerebral gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in bipolar disorder patients and healthy volunteers at 3 T. In Proceedings of the ISMRM Annual Meeting 6 Berkeley, CA ISMRM 2001 1011

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Authors
Gabbay, V.
Affiliations
NYU Langone Health (US)
Corresponding author
Gabbay, Vilma
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Published
2012-02-01
Volume
69
Issue
2
Pages
139
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2099029781
Cited by
201
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
FWCI
8.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH075895, MH077072, MH077072-03S1, K23MH077072, R01MH075895)
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R21AT002395, R21AT004576, AT004576, AT002395)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
anterior cingulate cortex, GABA, adolescent depression, anhedonia, major depressive disorder, white matter, 1H NMR
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Case-Control Studies, Neurotransmitter Agents, Young Adult, Anhedonia, Neuroimaging

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