The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multiple online victimization of Spanish adolescents: Results from a community sample
Open accessAbstract
Little is known about online victimization of Spanish adolescents. The present study aims to determine the past-year prevalence of online victimization in a community sample of Spanish adolescents. The final sample consisted of 3,897 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (M=14.45, SD=1.59), 1,836 males and 2,049 females, recruited from 39 secondary schools in the east of Spain. The Cuestionario de victimización juvenil mediante internet y/o teléfono móvil (hereinafter, Juvenile Online Victimization Questionnaire, JOV-Q, Montiel & Carbonell, 2012) was applied for the assessment of eight types of online victimization grouped in two major domains: sexual (sexual coercion, sexual pressure, online grooming by an adult, unwanted exposure to sexual content and violation of privacy); and nonsexual victimization (online harassment, happy slapping, pressure to obtain personal information). Sixty-one percent of adolescents reported online victimization during the last year. Online sexual victimization was reported by 39.5% of adolescents and nonsexual victimization by 53.4% of them, whereas 31% of youth reported having experienced online victimization in both domains. The highest prevalence rates were recorded for online harassment (50%), unwanted exposure to sexual content (24.4%), pressure to obtain personal information (18.4%) and online grooming by an adult (17.2%), and the lowest for sexual coercion (6.7%) and happy slapping (2.2%). Thirty-five percent of the adolescents were considered online polyvictims and most of them experienced victimization in both sexual and nonsexual domains (88%). This study illustrates that Spanish adolescents experience high levels of online victimization and that multiple online victimization appears to be the norm among cybervictims.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As well as affecting girls more than boys (Mitchell et al. 2014; Montiel et al. 2015)”
From “It’s just a joke”: gender, sexuality and trivialisation in adolescent online violence such as cyberhate, cyberbullying, and online grooming (2025) · cites this paper as Montiel et al. 2015
Citations
Cites
Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x · Cited by 3,639
Tokunaga, R. S. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014 · Cited by 2,566
Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization
Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.06.008 · Cited by 2,214
The Victimization of Children and Youth: A Comprehensive, National Survey
David Finkelhor, B., Ormrod, R. K., Turner, H. A., & Hamby, S. L. (2004) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559504271287 · Cited by 1,411
Violence, Abuse, and Crime Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth
Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Ormrod, R. K., & Hamby, S. L. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0467 · Cited by 1,105
The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire: reliability, validity, and national norms.
Finkelhor, D., Hamby, S., Ormrod, R., & Turner, H. (2005) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.11.001 · Cited by 860
Polyvictimization and trauma in a national longitudinal cohort
FINKELHOR, D., ORMROD, R. K., & TURNER, H. A. (2007) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579407070083 · Cited by 704
Parental mediation, online activities, and cyberbullying
Mesch, G. S. (2009) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2009.0068 · Cited by 665
Risk factors for involvement in cyber bullying: Victims, bullies and bully–victims
Mishna, F., Khoury-Kassabri, M., Gadalla, T., & Daciuk, J. (2012) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.08.032 · Cited by 622
Gámez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., Smith, P. K., & Calvete, E. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.030 · Cited by 532
Measuring poly-victimization using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire
David Finkelhor, B., Ormrod, R. K., Turner, H. A., & Hamby, S. L. (2005) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.06.005 · Cited by 471
The Rate of Cyber Dating Abuse Among Teens and How It Relates to Other Forms of Teen Dating Violence
Zweig, J. M., Dank, M., Yahner, J., & Lachman, P. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9922-8 · Cited by 466
Mitchell, K. J., Ybarra, M. L., & David Finkelhor, B. (2007) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559507305996 · Cited by 417
Childhood victimization: violence, crime, and abuse in the lives of young people
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-5917 · Cited by 328
Ybarra, M. L., Espelage, D. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.010 · Cited by 309
Understanding Children Exposed to Violence
Saunders, B. E. (2003) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260502250840 · Cited by 253
Polyvictimization by Dating Partners and Mental Health Among U.S. College Students
Sabina, C., & Straus, M. A. (2008) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.23.6.667 · Cited by 252
Menesini, E., Nocentini, A., & Calussi, P. (2011) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0002 · Cited by 238
Riebel, J., Jäger, R. S., & Fischer, U. C. (2009) · Psychology science · Cited by 166
Unwanted online sexual solicitation and risky sexual online behavior across the lifespan
Baumgartner, S. E., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2010) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2010.07.005 · Cited by 166
Victimization and polyvictimization of Spanish children and youth: Results from a community sample
Pereda, N., Guilera, G., & Abad, J. (2014) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.01.019 · Cited by 164
Self-citationThe Developmental Epidemiology of Childhood Victimization
Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2008) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260508317185 · Cited by 153
The Development and Validation of the Online Victimization Scale for Adolescents
Tynes, B. M., Rose, C. A., & Williams, D. R. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · Cited by 130
Hortelano, A. G. (2013) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 125
The Victimization of Children: Recommendations for Assessment and Instrument Development
Hamby, S. L., & David Finkelhor, B. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200007000-00011 · Cited by 116
Mishna, F., McLuckie, A., & Saini, M. (2009) · Social Work Research · doi:10.1093/swr/33.2.107 · Cited by 113
Country classification: opportunities, risks, harm and parental mediation
Helsper, E. J., Калмус, В., Hasebrink, U., Ságvári, B., & de Haan, J. (2013) · London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · Cited by 112
[Cyberbullying: adolescent victimization through mobile phone and internet].
Buelga, S., Cava, M. J., & Ochoa, G. M. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 106
Definition and Measurement of Cyberbullying
Gradinger, P., Strohmeier, D., & Spiel, C. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · Cited by 106
National Trends in Exposure to and Experiences of Violence on the Internet Among Children
Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., & Korchmaros, J. D. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0118 · Cited by 102
Geldhof, G. J., Bowers, E. P., & Lerner, R. M. (2012) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9855-7 · Cited by 102
(2012) · PubMed · Cited by 98
Lifetime Prevalence of Multiple Victimizations and Its Impact on Children’s Mental Health
Cyr, K., Clément, M., & Chamberland, C. (2013) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260513505220 · Cited by 90
Cyberbullying: What Does Research Tell Us?
Bauman, S. A. (2013) · Theory Into Practice · doi:10.1080/00405841.2013.829727 · Cited by 85
Effects of context and question type on endorsement of childhood sexual abuse
Fricker-Elhai, A. E., Smith, D. W., Davis, J. L., & Hanson, R. F. (2003) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1023748124626 · Cited by 74
Menores y redes ¿sociales?: de la amistad al cyberbullying
del Río-Pérez, J., Sádaba, C., & Bringué, X. (2010) · Revista de Estudios de Juventud · Cited by 47
Pereda, N., & Gallardo‐Pujol, D. (2014) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00061r1 · Cited by 38
Self-citationTrends in Unwanted Online Experiences and Sexting : Final Report
Mitchell, K. J., Jones, L. M., David Finkelhor, B., & Wolak, J. (2014) · University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester) · Cited by 38
Bullying in Spanish Secondary Schools: Gender-Based Differences
Fernández, M. V. C., Fernández, M. L., Castro, Y. R., Garrido, J. M. F., & Otero, M. C. (2013) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2013.37 · Cited by 37
Internet use and internet addictive behaviour among European adolescents: A cross-sectional study.
Τσίτσικα, Ά., Janikian, M., Tzavela, E. C., Schoenmakers, T. M., Ólafsson, K., Halapi, E. C., Tzavara, C., Wójcik, S., Makaruk, K., Critselis, E., et al. (2013) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 35
Cyberbullying : victimización entre adolescentes a través del teléfono móvil y de Internet
Vázquez, S. B., Cava Caballero, M. J., & Ochoa, G. M. (2010) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 34
Ospina, M., Harstall, C., & Dennett, L. (2010) · University of Alberta Library · doi:10.7939/r3d21rz85 · Cited by 25
Hale, W. W., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., López, L. J. G., Fernández, L. E., Muela, J. A., & Díaz-Castela, M. D. M. (2013) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2013.36 · Cited by 16
VICTIMIZACIÓN INFANTO-JUVENIL EN ESPAÑA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE ESTUDIOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS
Pereda, N., Guilera, G., & Abad, J. (2014) · RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 45 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Machimbarrena, J. M., Calvete, E., Fernández-González, L., Álvarez-Bardón, A., Álvarez-Fernández, L., & González-Cabrera, J. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15112471 · Cited by 273
The prevalence of unwanted online sexual exposure and solicitation among youth: A meta-analysis
Madigan, S., Villani, V., Azzopardi, C., Laut, D., Smith, T., Temple, J. R., Browne, D., & Dimitropoulos, G. (2018) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.03.012 · Cited by 164
Networked Individuals, Gendered Violence: A Literature Review of Cyberviolence
Backe, E. L., Lilleston, P. S., & McCleary‐Sills, J. (2018) · Violence and Gender · doi:10.1089/vio.2017.0056 · Cited by 170
Gámez-Guadix, M., & Incera, D. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106728 · Cited by 110
de Santisteban, P., & Gámez‐Guadix, M. (2017) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1386763 · Cited by 132
Metadata
- Authors
- Montiel, I., Carbonell, E., & Pereda, N.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Montiel, Irene
- Venue
- Child Abuse & Neglect
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 52
- Pages
- 123-134
- ISSN
- 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2216641730
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 9.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Social Sciences › Law › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Keywords
- cyber victimization, adolescents, sexual victimization, online harassment, happy slapping, online grooming, privacy violations, polyvictimization, prevalence, Spanish adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Harassment, Non-Sexual, Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Spain, Incidence, Sexual Harassment, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Crime Victims, Internet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
