Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Cyberbullying describes bullying using mobile phones and the internet. Most previous studies have focused on the prevalence of text message and email bullying. METHODS: Two surveys with pupils aged 11-16 years: (1) 92 pupils from 14 schools, supplemented by focus groups; (2) 533 pupils from 5 schools, to assess the generalisability of findings from the first study, and investigate relationships of cyberbullying to general internet use. Both studies differentiated cyberbullying inside and outside of school, and 7 media of cyberbullying. RESULTS: Both studies found cyberbullying less frequent than traditional bullying, but appreciable, and reported more outside of school than inside. Phone call and text message bullying were most prevalent, with instant messaging bullying in the second study; their impact was perceived as comparable to traditional bullying. Mobile phone/video clip bullying, while rarer, was perceived to have more negative impact. Age and gender differences varied between the two studies. Study 1 found that most cyberbullying was done by one or a few students, usually from the same year group. It often just lasted about a week, but sometimes much longer. The second study found that being a cybervictim, but not a cyberbully, correlated with internet use; many cybervictims were traditional 'bully-victims'. Pupils recommended blocking/avoiding messages, and telling someone, as the best coping strategies; but many cybervictims had told nobody about it. CONCLUSIONS: Cyberbullying is an important new kind of bullying, with some different characteristics from traditional bullying. Much happens outside school. Implications for research and practical action are discussed.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The conceptualization of cyberbullying emerged from the theoretical and definitional foundations of traditional bullying research.
“The conceptualization of cyberbullying emerged from the theoretical and definitional foundations of traditional bullying research (5).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
A number of studies suggested that girls were more likely to be involved in cyberbullying as victims and perpetrators.
“However, a number of studies suggested that girls were more likely to be involved in cyberbullying as victims and perpetrators (Berne et al., 2014;Jacobs et al., 2015;Smith et al., 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2008
Three studies were judged to be less valuable because of a lack of clarity across the CASP domains, particularly with regard to research methods.
“Three studies were judged to be less valuable because of a lack of clarity across the CASP domains, particularly with regard to research methods (Burnham & Wright, 2012;Smith et al., 2008;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2008
Cyberbullying takes place more often outside of school and is commonly experienced while at home, facilitated by technological access and insufficient adult monitoring and regulation.
“Many studies reported that cyberbullying takes place more often outside of school and is commonly experienced while at home, facilitated by technological access and insufficient adult monitoring and regulation (Burnham & Wright, 2012;Mishna et al., 2009;Smith et al., 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2008
Some young people perceived anonymity and perpetrators' ability to evade responsibility as a barrier to telling parents or teachers, as they make it impossible for the victim to prove the cyber incident or to identify the perpetrator.
“Some young people perceived anonymity and the perpetrators ability to evade responsibility as a barrier to telling parents or teachers, as they make it impossible for the victim to prove the cyber incident or to identify the perpetrator (Mishna et al., 2009;Smith et al., 2008;Topcu et al., 2013).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-1080 · Cited by 4,755 · see citing works
Hawker, D. S. J., & Boulton, M. J. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00629 · Cited by 2,694 · see citing works
Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire
Solberg, M. E., & Olweus, D. (2003) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.10047 · Cited by 1,773 · see citing works
Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: a comparison of associated youth characteristics
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00328.x · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools
Whitney, I., & Smith, P. K. (1993) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/0013188930350101 · Cited by 1,292 · see citing works
Self-citationInvolvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents.
Raskauskas, J., & Stoltz, A. D. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.564 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., Wolak, J., & David Finkelhor, B. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0815 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
The Early Socialization of Aggressive Victims of Bullying
Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04228.x · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Smith, P. K., Madsen, K. C., & Moody, J. C. (1999) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/0013188990410303 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Self-citationProfiles of non‐victims, escaped victims, continuing victims and new victims of school bullying
Smith, P. K., Talamelli, L., Cowie, H., Naylor, P. B., & Chauhan, P. (2004) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/0007099042376427 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Self-citationBullying in Schools: How Successful Can Interventions Be?
Smith, P. K., Pepler, D. J., & Rigby, K. (2004) · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Self-citationWolke, D., Woods, S., Bloomfield, L., & Karstadt, L. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00687 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
(2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511584466 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Stein, J. A., Dukes, R. L., & Warren, J. I. (2006) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsl023 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Ivarsson, T., Broberg, A. G., Arvidsson, T., & Gillberg, C. (2005) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480500227816 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Bullying in Schools: List of tables
Smith, P. K., Pepler, D. J., & Rigby, K. (2004) · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationBullying in Schools: Notes on contributors
Smith, P. K., Pepler, D. J., & Rigby, K. (2004) · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationBullying in school: Three national innovations in Norwegian schools in 15 years
Roland, E. (2000) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2337(2000)26:1 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Tackling Bullying: Listening to the Views of Children and Young People
Oliver, C., & Candappa, M. (2003) · Digital Education Resource Archive (University College London) · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Grandparents use of new communication technologies in a European perspective
Quadrello, T., Hurme, H., Menzinger, J., Smith, P. K., Veisson, M., Vidal, S., & Westerback, S. (2005) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-005-0004-y · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Noret, N., & Rivers, I. (2006). The prevalence of bullying by text message or email: Results of a four year study. Poster presented at British Psychological Society Annual Conference, Cardiff, April.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035618 · Cited by 3,266 · see citing works
Tokunaga, R. S. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014 · Cited by 2,566 · see citing works
Children and Adolescents and Digital Media
Reid Chassiakos, Y. (., Radesky, J., Christakis, D., Moreno, M. A., Cross, C., COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA, Hill, D., Ameenuddin, N., Hutchinson, J., Levine, A., et al. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2593 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
Moore, S. E., Norman, R. E., Suetani, S., Thomas, H. J., Sly, P. D., & Scott, J. G. (2017) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v7.i1.60 · Cited by 1,320 · see citing works
Psychological, Physical, and Academic Correlates of Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018 · Cited by 1,295 · see citing works
Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ‘Much ado about nothing’
Arseneault, L., Bowes, L., & Shakoor, S. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709991383 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
Schneider, S. K., O'Donnell, L., Stueve, A., & Coulter, R. W. S. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300308 · Cited by 966 · see citing works
The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention
Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.024 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Self-citationLoneliness and Social Internet Use: Pathways to Reconnection in a Digital World?
Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617713052 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Cyberbullying Versus Face-to-Face Bullying: A Theoretical and Conceptual Review
Dooley, J. J., Pyżalski, J., & Cross, D. (2009) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.182 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
Psychosocial Risk Factors Associated With Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A Population-Based Study
Sourander, A., Brunstein Klomek, A., Ikonen, M., Lindroos, J., Luntamo, T., Koskelainen, M., Ristkari, T., & Helenius, H. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.79 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Rulers of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2020) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2019.09.003 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Cyberbullying in adolescents: Modalities and aggressors’ profile
Calvete, E., Orue, I., Estévez, A., Villardón, L., & Padilla, P. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.017 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Associations among bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide in high school students
Bauman, S., Toomey, R. B., & Walker, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.12.001 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Risk factors for involvement in cyber bullying: Victims, bullies and bully–victims
Mishna, F., Khoury-Kassabri, M., Gadalla, T., & Daciuk, J. (2012) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.08.032 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Current perspectives: the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent health
Nixon, C. (2014) · Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/ahmt.s36456 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Livingstone, S., & Smith, P. K. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12197 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-harm, suicidal behaviours, and cyberbullying in children and young people: systematic review
John, A., Glendenning, A. C., Marchant, A., Montgomery, P., Stewart, A., Wood, S., Lloyd, K., & Hawton, K. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.9044 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Arseneault, L. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12841 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Klomek, A. B., Sourander, A., & Gould, M. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005500503 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Sticca, F., & Perren, S. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9867-3 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Internet Research in Psychology
Gosling, S. D., & Mason, W. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015321 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Review of an Old Problem Gone Viral
Aboujaoude, E., Savage, M. W., Starcevic, V., & Salame, W. O. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.011 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Cyberbullying, self-esteem, empathy and loneliness
Brewer, G., & Kerslake, J. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.073 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Longitudinal associations between cyberbullying involvement and adolescent mental health
Fahy, A. E., Stansfeld, S. A., Smuk, M., Smith, N. R., Cummins, S., & Clark, C. (2016) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.006 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Hamm, M. P., Newton, A. S., Chisholm, A., Shulhan, J., Milne, A., Sundar, P., Ennis, H., Scott, S. D., & Hartling, L. (2015) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0944 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Chen, L., Ho, S. S., & Lwin, M. O. (2017) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444816634037 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Cyber and Traditional Bullying: Differential Association with Depression
Wang, J., Nansel, T. R., & Iannotti, R. J. (2011) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.07.012 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health: systematic review.
Bottino, S. M. B., Bottino, C. M. C., Regina, C. G., Correia, A. V. L., & Ribeiro, W. S. (2015) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00036114 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Labels, behaviours and definition in three European countries
Nocentini, A., Calmaestra, J., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Scheithauer, H., Ortega, R., & Menesini, E. (2010) · Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1375/ajgc.20.2.129 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Cyber-aggression: definition and concept of cyberbullying
Grigg, D. W. (2010) · Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1375/ajgc.20.2.143 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
A meta‐analysis of sex differences in cyber‐bullying behavior: The moderating role of age
Barlett, C., & Coyne, S. M. (2014) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21555 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: The Challenge to Define
Langos, C. (2012) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0588 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Some Problems with Cyberbullying Research
Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.012 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Gaffney, H., Farrington, D. P., Espelage, D. L., & Ttofi, M. M. (2019) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.07.002 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Cassidy, W., Faucher, C., & Jackson, M. (2013) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034313479697 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Cyberbullying definition among adolescents: A comparison across six European countries
Menesini, E., Nocentini, A., Palladino, B. E., Frisén, A., Berne, S., Ortega-Ruiz, R., Calmaestra, J., Scheithauer, H., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Luik, P., et al. (2012) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0040 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citationTraditional bullying as a potential warning sign of cyberbullying
Kowalski, R. M., Morgan, C. A., & Limber, S. P. (2012) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034312445244 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Automatic cyberbullying detection: A systematic review
Rosa, H., Pereira, N., Ribeiro, R., Ferreira, P. C., Carvalho, J. P., Oliveira, S., Coheur, L., Paulino, P., Veiga Simão, A. M., & Trancoso, I. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.021 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
A scoping review on studies of cyberbullying prevalence among adolescents
Brochado, S., Soares, S., & Fraga, S. (2017) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838016641668 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
A META-ANALYSIS OF THE PREDICTORS OF CYBERBULLYING PERPETRATION AND VICTIMIZATION
Guo, S. (2016) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21914 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Thomas, H. J., Connor, J. P., & Scott, J. G. (2015) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-014-9261-7 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Barlińska, J., Szuster, A., & Winiewski, M. (2013) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2137 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Defining and Measuring Cyberbullying Within the Larger Context of Bullying Victimization
Ybarra, M. L., Boyd, D., Korchmaros, J. D., & Oppenheim, J. (. (2012) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.031 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Cyberbullying and children and young people’s mental health: A systematic map of systematic reviews
Kwan, I., Dickson, K., Richardson, M., MacDowall, W., Burchett, H., Stansfield, C., Brunton, G., Sutcliffe, K., & Thomas, J. (2020) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2019.0370 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Leigh, E., & Clark, D. M. (2018) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-018-0258-5 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-018-0262-9 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Approaches to automated detection of cyberbullying: A survey
Salawu, S., He, Y., & Lumsden, J. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2017.2761757 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Classification and Its Consequences for Online Harassment: Design Insights from HeartMob
Blackwell, L., Dimond, J., Schoenebeck, S., & Lampe, C. (2017) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3134659 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Cyberbullying assessment instruments: A systematic review
Berne, S., Frisén, A., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Scheithauer, H., Naruskov, K., Luik, P., Katzer, C., Erentaite, R., & Zukauskiene, R. (2013) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.022 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Menesini, E., Nocentini, A., & Calussi, P. (2011) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0002 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., & Sorrentino, A. (2015) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.014 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Campbell, M. A., Slee, P. T., Spears, B., Butler, D., & Kift, S. (2013) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034313479698 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization in Youth: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Marciano, L., Schulz, P. J., & Camerini, A.-L. (2020) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmz031 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Pabian, S., & Vandebosch, H. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0259-3 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Udris, R. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.036 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Zych, I., Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., & Llorent, V. J. (2019) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.03.004 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Sextortion Among Adolescents: Results From a National Survey of U.S. Youth
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2020) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063218800469 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Cyberbullying among young adults in Malaysia: the roles of gender, age and Internet frequency
Balakrishnan, V. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.021 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Predicting cyberbullying from anonymity.
Barlett, C. P., Gentile, D. A., & Chew, C. (2016) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/ppm0000055 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Corcoran, L., Guckin, C., & Prentice, G. (2015) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc5020245 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Digital social norm enforcement: Online firestorms in social media
Rost, K., Stahel, L., & Frey, B. S. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155923 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: A concept analysis of defining attributes and additional influencing factors
Peter, I.-K., & Petermann, F. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.013 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Jang, H., Song, J., & Kim, R. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.007 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Navarro, R., Serna, C., Martínez, V., & Ruiz-Oliva, R. (2013) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-012-0137-2 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Völlink, T., Bolman, C. A. W., Dehue, F., & Jacobs, N. C. L. (2013) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2142 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Ng, E. D., Chua, J. Y. X., & Shorey, S. (2022) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020933867 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Englander, E., Donnerstein, E., Kowalski, R., Lin, C. A., & Parti, K. (2017) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1758u · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: A Review of the Literature
E. Notar, C., Padgett, S., & Roden, J. (2013) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2013.010101 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“Smith et al (2008) found in line with Raskauskas and Stoltz (2007), that cyber victims had also often been traditional victims, and cyberbullies had often been traditional bullies; many traditional victims or bullies were not cyber victims or bullies, since cyberbullying is substantially less…”
BackgroundCyberbullying victimisation in adolescence: relationships with loneliness and depressive mood
Olenik-Shemesh, D., Heiman, T., & Eden, S. (2012) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2012.704227 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Cyberbullying and subjective health
Låftman, S. B., Modin, B., & Östberg, V. (2013) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.10.020 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
An international systematic review of cyberbullying measurements
Chun, J., Lee, J., Kim, J., & Lee, S. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106485 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Cyberbullying and self-esteem: An Italian study
Palermiti, A. L., Servidio, R., Bartolo, M. G., & Costabile, A. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.026 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Practitioner Review: School refusal: developments in conceptualisation and treatment since 2000
Elliott, J. G., & Place, M. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12848 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Kim, S., Colwell, S. R., Kata, A., Boyle, M. H., & Georgiades, K. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0678-4 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Cyberbullying in College: Frequency, Characteristics, and Practical Implications
Zalaquett, C. P., & Chatters, S. J. (2014) · Sage Open · doi:10.1177/2158244014526721 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Wang, M.-J., Yogeeswaran, K., Andrews, N. P., Hawi, D. R., & Sibley, C. G. (2019) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2019.0146 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Characteristics of college cyberbullies
Schenk, A. M., Fremouw, W. J., & Keelan, C. M. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.013 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Anonymously hurting others online: The effect of anonymity on cyberbullying frequency.
Barlett, C. P. (2015) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/a0034335 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: a storm in a teacup?
Wolke, D., Lee, K., & Guy, A. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-0954-6 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Peer Relations and Developmental Psychopathology
Prinstein, M. J., & Giletta, M. (2016) · Developmental Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy112 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Being a cybervictim and a cyberbully – The duality of cyberbullying: A meta-analysis
Lozano-Blasco, R., Cortés-Pascual, A., & Latorre-Martínez, M. P. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106444 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Wachs, S., Wright, M. F., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2019) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.2116 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Cyberbullying in social networking sites: An adolescent victim’s perspective
Dredge, R., Gleeson, J., & de la Piedad Garcia, X. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.026 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Cyberbullying among adolescents: Measures in search of a construct.
Mehari, K. R., Farrell, A. D., & Le, A.-T. H. (2014) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/a0037521 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Dorol--Beauroy-Eustache, O., & Mishara, B. L. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106684 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Multiple online victimization of Spanish adolescents: Results from a community sample
Montiel, I., Carbonell, E., & Pereda, N. (2016) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.12.005 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Gámez-Guadix, M., & Mateos-Pérez, E. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.004 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
CyberBERT: BERT for cyberbullying identification
Paul, S., & Saha, S. (2022) · Multimedia Systems · doi:10.1007/s00530-020-00710-4 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Homophobic Bullying and Cyberbullying: Study of a Silenced Problem
Elipe, P., de la Oliva Muñoz, M., & Del Rey, R. (2018) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1333809 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Bullying in children and adolescents: a modifiable risk factor for mental illness
Scott, J. G., Moore, S. E., Sly, P. D., & Norman, R. E. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867413508456 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Alloway, T., Runac, R., Qureshi, M., & Kemp, G. (2014) · Social Networking · doi:10.4236/sn.2014.33020 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Dennehy, R., Meaney, S., Walsh, K. A., Sinnott, C., Cronin, M., & Arensman, E. (2020) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2020.101379 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
A review of cyberbullying and suggestions for online psychological therapy
Foody, M., Samara, M., & Carlbring, P. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.05.002 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“ular, Smith et al. (2012) found that cyberbullying was inadequately mentioned in school policies within the UK with only a 23% increase”
BackgroundGámez‐Guadix, M., Mateos‐Pérez, E., Wachs, S., Wright, M., Martínez, J., & Íncera, D. (2022) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12064 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Cyberbullying and self-esteem in Australian adults
Brack, K., & Caltabiano, N. (2014) · Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2014-2-7 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Cyberbullying, cyber aggression and their impact on the victim – The teacher
Kopecký, K., & Szotkowski, R. (2017) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2016.08.014 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Baier, D., Hong, J. S., Kliem, S., & Bergmann, M. C. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1181-6 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., & Hamilton, H. A. (2015) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2015.0145 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Epidemiology of cyberbullying across europe: differences between countries and genders
(2019) · Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice · doi:10.12738/estp.2019.2.005 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
- Authors
- Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N.
- Affiliations
- Goldsmiths University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Peter K.
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-03-19
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 376-385
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2152126085
- Cited by
- 3,639
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 140 · 2025: 212 · 2024: 233 · 2023: 242 · 2022: 304 · 2021: 269 · 2020: 290 · 2019: 286 · 2018: 259 · 2017: 203 · 2016: 223 · 2015: 236 · 2014: 212 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 187
- FWCI
- 85.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, high school students, bullying prevalence, internet use, bullying impacts, coping strategies, age and gender differences, bully-victims
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Aggression, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dominance-Subordination, England, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, London, Male, Peer Group, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Environment, Incidence, Focus Groups, Crime Victims, Internet, Cell Phone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
