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Smart city policies: A spatial approach
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“In other words, there are smart city strategies that focus on the efficiency and advancement of hard infrastructures in terms of transport, energy, communication, and distribution networks, and so on (e.g., [45,52,74,79,83,93]) and those that prioritise the soft infrastructures in terms of social and human capital, participation, equity, safety, cultural heritage, and so forth (e.g., [7,17,75,76,8”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [7]
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“smart communities centric approach [7; 8].”
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“Among them, most previous studies have reached the consensus on the importance of ICTs in smart cities [8-14].”
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Stanković, J. Z., Popović, Ž., & Marjanović, I. (2021) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52406-7_3 · Cited by 11
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Ferrari, S. G., Kaesehage, K., Narváez, S. C. D., & Bain, A. A. (2021) · Journal of the British Academy · doi:10.5871/jba/009s9.007 · Cited by 11
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Solis, M., & Bashar, S. B. (2022) · Utilities Policy · doi:10.1016/j.jup.2022.101430 · Cited by 12
Ivanov, R. (2018) · International Journal of Geographical Information Systems · doi:10.1080/13658816.2018.1510126 · Cited by 11
“The basic meta-heuristic techniques that can be used for path planning indoors are as follows (Atyabi and Powers 2013): Ant Colony Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, Tabu search, Genetic Algorithms, Arti fi cial Immune Networks, etc. Heuristic-based methods do not guarantee an optimal…”
MethodLa politique de la ville intelligente en Chine : ancrage local d’un modèle urbain globalisé
Henriot, C. (2018) · Flux · doi:10.3917/flux1.114.0071 · Cited by 11
Heterogeneity in IoT-based Smart Cities Designs
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“The term ‘smart city’ is increasingly used by policymakers, industry and the media to describe such programmes; however, many have expressed concerns that the term is of limited use, with no consensus definition (Angelidou 2014).”
BackgroundSmart cities and the pandemic: digital technologies on the urban management of Brazilian cities
Fariniuk, T. M. D. (2020) · Revista de Administração Pública · doi:10.1590/0034-761220200272x · Cited by 11
“Although there is no consensus around the concept (Angelidou, 2014; Albino, Berardi, & Dangelico, 2015; AlDairi & Tawalbeh, 2017; Bibri & Krogstie, 2017; Cassandras, 2016), the term is commonly employed to define cities which utilize digital tools with the purpose of automatizing systems and…”
BackgroundSmart Cities: A Review of the Most Recent Literature
Hoffman, M. C. (2020) · Informatization Policy · doi:10.22693/niaip.2020.27.1.003 · Cited by 11
Exploring the user performance of Korean women in smart homes with a focus on user adoption
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“4,5 Smart city governance studies 9,10 indicate that effective smart city governance necessitates an understanding of local trends, contextual analysis of domain factors, and ability to connect ambiguous and distributed information.”
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Smart City, Metropolitan Areas and Competitiveness: the Case Study of Florence
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“Angelidou (2014) attempts to dissolve this confusion by offering an analysis four strategies 1.) national versus local strategies; 2.) urban development stages, new versus existing cities; 3.) hard versus soft infrastructure oriented strategies; and 4.) reference area, economic sectorbased v.s.…”
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“The soft domain is developed on the basis of the hard domain and focuses on the development of macro environment, including policy strategies, social environment, ecological environment, etc. (Angelidou 2014; Neirotti et al. 2014).”
BackgroundTesting the Smart City Paradigm in Italian Mid-Sized Cities: An Empirical Analysis
Bruno, A., & Fontana, F. (2020) · Housing Policy Debate · doi:10.1080/10511482.2020.1800777 · Cited by 10
Factors impinge on the development of a smart city: a field study
Jothimani, P., Palanisamy, C., & Chidambaranathan, V. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17930-4 · Cited by 10
AN ANALYSIS OF KEY FACTORS IN DEVELOPING A SMART CITY
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Towards Smart Inclusive Cities
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“Investigating strategic choices regarding smart city strategy design helps understand the pathway cities are following in building their urban future (Angelidou, 2014).”
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Sureshchandra, S. M., Bhavsar, J. J., & Pitroda, J. (2016) · International Journal For Science Technology And Engineering · Cited by 10
MatchingLand, geospatial data testbed for the assessment of matching methods
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“Another recent trend that can bene fi t from geospatial data integration is the smart city 4 , which involves the integration of many interdisciplinary fi elds using geographical knowledge 5 .”
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“In terms of intragovernmental work, the enablement of cross-departmental coordination is the key component of smart city policy (Angelidou, 2014).”
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Jing, Z., Luo, Y., Li, X., & Xu, X. (2022) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-01-2022-0020 · Cited by 9
Kummitha, R. K. R. (2023) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/radm.12591 · Cited by 10
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A Risk Management Model for Sustainable Smart City
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Real-time crowd management for cultural heritage events: A case study on carnival parades
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“The transformation of a traditional city to a smart city demands the careful design and implementation of a smart city strategy [1].”
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“…(Galán-García et al., 2014); • developing methods and means of integration of the developed intelligent systems, both in terms of tools and information (Angelidou, 2014; Lazaroiou, 2012); • implementation of developed solutions in selected urban environments, and then monitoring and evaluation of…”
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Litvinski, O. (2018) · International Journal of Trade Economics and Finance · doi:10.18178/ijtef.2018.9.6.625 · Cited by 8
Xiang, Y., Yan, C., Weiyao, & Qiang, X. (2018) · Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/cpe.5010 · Cited by 9
Smart cities in Vietnam: Between national implementation and metropolitain strenghtening of Hanoi
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The Role of ICT in the Smart City Concept
Czupich, M. (2019) · Olsztyn Economic Journal · doi:10.31648/oej.3646 · Cited by 9
“Moreover, the belief that the transformation itself in terms of gaining advanced technological infrastructure will bring many benefits is wrong (Angelidou, 2014, p. 3).”
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Veglianti, E., Magnaghi, E., Marco, M. D., & Li, Y. (2021) · Lecture notes in information systems and organisation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60607-7_6 · Cited by 9
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“A smart city is also presented to address coordination issues between various levels of administration, as well as between government and society [1].”
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Masik, G., & Stępień, J. (2021) · Journal of Urban Technology · doi:10.1080/10630732.2021.1930841 · Cited by 9
“In the paper we refer to “hard versus soft infrastructure-oriented strategies” by Angelidou (2014: S4) the “technology push and demand pull” dichotomy by Angelidou (2015: 95) and the top-down and bottom-up approach by Calzada and Cobo (2015). These aspects place the emphasis on the actors or agents who strive for grea…”
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Mongo, M., & Daidj, N. (2025) · Environmental Economics and Policy Studies · doi:10.1007/s10018-025-00437-4 · Cited by 10
Lu, J., Liu, L., Lei, Y., & Wei, J. (2025) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2025.107029 · Cited by 8
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Research on Location Selection Model of 5G Micro Base Station Based on Smart Street Lighting System
Liu, H., Li, W., Cai, H., Lin, Q., Li, X., & Xiao, H. (2022) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math10152627 · Cited by 8
“However, the demand for massive equipment for sensing terminals increases the pressure on location resource allocation [13,14].”
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“Thus, they offer a high quality of life in a space that is not harmful to the environment [20].”
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Aljoufie, M., & Tiwari, A. (2017) · Current Urban Studies · doi:10.4236/cus.2017.54026 · Cited by 8
“Angelidou (2014) used an operational definition of a smart city as urban settlements that are strategically stressing to make insightful efforts to take advantage of ICT setting aimed at attaining opulence, efficiency and competitiveness at various socioeconomic scales.”
Angelidou, M., & Ψάλτογλου, Ά. (2018) · Spatium · doi:10.2298/spat1839007a · Cited by 8
“DSI has actually been a priority in many successful smart city initiatives undertaken by cities such as New York, Washington, San Francisco, Berlin, Barcelona, Amsterdam, Helsinki, Manchester, Stockholm and others (Angelidou, 2014; 2016b; 2017).”
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The Convenient City: Smart Urbanism for a Resilient City
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The key factors in transforming Birjand city to a smart city: smart mobility, smart government
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“Smart cities represent a conceptual urban development model on the basis of the utilization of human, collective, and technological capital for the development of urban agglomerations [6] Recently, the concept of Smart City has emerged as a way to “exploit the information and communication technologies (ICT) in making…”
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Assessing and Ranking EU Cities Based on the Development Phase of the Smart City Concept
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Transformation of Urban–Rural Relationships in the Context of Global Challenges
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“Smart cities are promoted as a stepping stone toward economic growth, but this declared objective, which is based merely on existing economic strategies instead of creating new ones, “should be [oriented to] regenerating degraded urban areas, rather than developing new cities” (Angelidou 2014: 54).”
BackgroundHow do academic smart city centres operate in complex environments? A business model perspective
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Future cities: A bibliometric review, 1875 to 2024
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Stakeholders' perspective on smart tourism development: a case study of the West Bank, Palestine
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“At the crossroad of technological progress and urban development, the smart city represents a conceptual model on the basis of the utilization of human, collective and technological capital for the development of urban agglomerations (Angelidou, 2014).”
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“Smart cities illustrate a conceptual urban development mechanism depending upon human utilization, technological income for the improvement and wealth in urban collections [7].”
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Traffic Signaling Optimization for Intelligent and Green Transportation in Smart Cities
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Key Technologies and Development Status of Smart City
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Falco, S. D. (2021) · Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1007/s12061-021-09379-2 · Cited by 7
Planning cities beyond digital colonization? Insights from the periphery
Ferreira, A., Oliveira, F. P., & von Schönfeld, K. C. (2022) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.105988 · Cited by 13
van den Buuse, D., van Winden, W., & Schrama, W. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003205722-9 · Cited by 7
Airport location for smart and sustainable living: A model and a case study of rural Missouri, U.S.
Gosavi, A. A., Marley, R. J., & Afari, J. A. (2022) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2022.103928 · Cited by 7
Getting Things Right: Ontology and Epistemology in Smart Cities Research
Visvizi, A., Troisi, O., Grimaldi, M., & Kozłowski, K. (2023) · Springer proceedings in complexity · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19560-0_14 · Cited by 7
Data Science for Industry 4.0 and Sustainability: A Survey and Analysis Based on Open Data
de Castro, H. C. G. A., Costa, F., Ferreira, T., Ávila, P., Cruz-Cunha, M., Ferreira, L., Putnik, G. D., & Bastos, J. (2023) · Machines · doi:10.3390/machines11040452 · Cited by 10
“A smart city uses information and technology to improve operational efficiency, share information, and provide a better quality of life for its citizens and workers [34].”
BackgroundUltimate Ict Network in Turkey For Smart Cities
Ercoşkun, Ö. Y. (2016) · Journal of Planning · doi:10.14744/planlama.2016.27247 · Cited by 7
“Smart cities are all urban settlements which show strategic effort on the new ICTs in a way to achieve high quality of life, effectiveness and competitiveness on many levels (Angelidou, 2014).”
BackgroundTHE CREATIVITY INDEX GROWTH RATE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: A SPATIAL APPROACH
Chaloupková, M., Kunc, J., & DVOŘÁK, Z. (2018) · Geographia Technica · doi:10.21163/gt_2018.131.04 · Cited by 7
“…primarily theoretically and methodological, but they focus on case studies from selected cities and regions on creativity, smart and innovative practices in urban politics and planning, often geographic, spatial context (Rumpel et al., 2010; Angelidou, 2014; Tafel-Viia et al., 2015; Dörry, 2016).”
BackgroundTrends and Challenges of HCI in the New Paradigm of Cognitive Cities
Vaca-Cárdenas, L., Ávila-Pesantez, D., Vaca-Cardenas, M., & Meza, J. (2020) · International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment · doi:10.1109/icedeg48599.2020.9096845 · Cited by 7
Fiscal Capacities of Large Cities in Croatia – Financial Support for Smart Cities
Hodžić, S., & Paleka, H. (2020) · Our Economy Journal of Contemporary Issues in Economics and Business · doi:10.2478/ngoe-2020-0010 · Cited by 7
“Therefore, the literature offers a broad scope of authors who have discussed the concept of smart cities (Mahizhnan, 1999; Giffinger et al., 2007; Caragliu, Del Bo & Nijkamp, 2011; Allwinkle & Cruickshank, 2011; Cretu, 2012; Angelidou, 2014; Söderström, Paasche & Klauser, 2014; Ferrara, 2015; Albino, Berardi & Dangeli…”
BackgroundSmart mobile technologies for the city of the future
Bangui, H., Bühnová, B., Rakrak, S., & Raghay, S. (2017) · Smart City Symposium Prague (SCSP) · doi:10.1109/scsp.2017.7973851 · Cited by 7
Service interactions modeling for improved management of public transport systems
Drăgoicea, M., Borangiu, T., & Voinescu, I. (2016) · SIMULATION · doi:10.1177/0037549716629232 · Cited by 7
Can smart cities promote Green technology innovation? Evidence from Chinese cities
Li, G., & Wang, C. (2024) · Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy · doi:10.1007/s10098-024-03063-y · Cited by 6
“Smart cities represent a conceptual urban development model based on the utilization of human, collective, and technological capital for the enhancement of development and prosperity in urban agglomerations (Angelidou 2014a).”
Right‐sizing the smart city in Southeast Asia
Das, P., Woods, O., & Kong, L. (2025) · Area · doi:10.1111/area.70014 · Cited by 6
Liando, D. M., Ganaie, N. A., & Yuslaini, N. (2026) · Frontiers in Political Science · doi:10.3389/fpos.2026.1730870 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Angelidou, M.
- Affiliations
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Angelidou, Margarita
- ORCID
- Angelidou, Margarita
- Venue
- Cities
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 41
- Pages
- S3-S11
- ISSN
- 0264-2751 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1965446137
- Cited by
- 986
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 105 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 96 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 15
- FWCI
- 58.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cities (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Smart Cities and Technologies
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Planning and Governance
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development
- Keywords
- smart cities, smart city policy, urban development strategy, spatial planning, strategic choice, policy recommendations
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