Mechanism of HBD-3 deficiency in atopic dermatitis
Abstract
Extrinsic atopic dermatitis (EAD) and intrinsic atopic dermatitis (IAD) patients suffer from recurrent bacterial and viral infections. In this study, we demonstrate significantly decreased expression of human beta defensin (HBD)-3, a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP), in lesional skin of both IAD (p<0.01) and EAD patients (p<0.01), as compared to psoriasis patients. Using primary keratinocytes from EAD and IAD patients, we determined that the deficiency in HBD-3 expression is an acquired rather than a constitutive defect. Furthermore, we demonstrate the down-regulatory effect of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 - which are over-expressed in the skin of AD patients - on HBD-3 expression in keratinocytes. Additionally, treatment of EAD skin explants with antibodies against IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 augmented the expression of HBD-3. These studies suggest that neutralizing the Th2 cytokine milieu in AD skin may augment the innate immune response against bacterial and viral pathogens.
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AMP expression is highly dependent on the cytokine milieu present in the skin and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα are typically strong inducers of AMPs, whereas IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10 have been shown to dampen AMP responses.
“AMP expression is highly dependent on the cytokine milieu present in the skin and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), are typically strong inducers of AMPs, whereas IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10 have been shown to dampen AMP responses.33–35”
From The Innate Immune System in Acute and Chronic Wounds (2016) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Howell, M. D., Boguniewicz, M., Pastore, S., Novak, N., Bieber, T., Girolomoni, G., & Leung, D. Y. M.
- Affiliations
- National Jewish Health (US)
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IT)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- University of Verona (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Leung, Donald Y.M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 332-338
- ISSN
- 1521-6616 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148115712
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 16.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of Clinical Immunology
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 36577, P01HL036577, HL 37260)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32-AI07365, T32AI007365)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR 41256, R01AR041256)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR-00051, M01RR000051)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Keywords
- atopic dermatitis, human beta-defensin 3, antimicrobial peptides, keratinocytes, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, Th2 cytokines, lesional skin, innate immunity, viral and bacterial infections, psoriasis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cells, Cultured, Dermatitis, Atopic, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Middle Aged, Psoriasis, Down-Regulation, Keratinocytes, Cytokines, Th2 Cells, Inflammation Mediators, beta-Defensins
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