Cited by 246Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesT-cell and B-cell Immunology

The efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cold cancers and future perspectives

Majidpoor, Jamal, Mortezaee, Keywan·2021·Clinical Immunology

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC), and breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancers are generally considered as low immune-reactive cancers that represent either limited infiltration of immune cells or extensive infiltration of immunosuppressive T cells. Interaction between programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) with programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) is important for immune evasion. Tumors positive for PD-L1 generally show higher responses to the immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI); however, the high presence of PD-L1 in a tumor is a predictor of poor prognosis. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, but responses to the ICI is meaningful. It seems that in a tumor both the PD-L1 expression and TIL infiltration is required for improving responses to the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 with immune modulatory drugs, such as C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β inhibitors has shown meaningful clinical benefits.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108707

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119 of 119 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The challenge persists in treating 'cold' tumors with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

    “However, the challenge persists in treating ‘cold’ tumors with ICIs (Majidpoor and Mortezaee, 2021).”

    From Microphysiological systems as models for immunologically ‘cold’ tumors (2024) · cites this paper as Majidpoor and Mortezaee, 2021

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Authors
Majidpoor, J., & Mortezaee, K.
Affiliations
  • Gonabad University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Corresponding author
Mortezaee, Keywan
Venue
Clinical Immunology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-05
Volume
226
Pages
108707
ISSN
1521-6616 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3134731856
Cited by
236
References
123
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 22
FWCI
6.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords
PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cold tumors, immune evasion, triple-negative breast cancer, colorectal cancer, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-L1 expression, CXCR4, PARP inhibitors, TGF-β inhibitors, combination immunotherapy
MeSH terms
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, T-Lymphocytes, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, B7-H1 Antigen, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor

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