The DOI matches its Crossref record; 311 of the 313 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research
Open accessAbstract
This article is based on a consensus conference, which took place in Certosa di Pontignano, Siena (Italy) on March 7-9, 2008, intended to update the previous safety guidelines for the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in research and clinical settings. Over the past decade the scientific and medical community has had the opportunity to evaluate the safety record of research studies and clinical applications of TMS and repetitive TMS (rTMS). In these years the number of applications of conventional TMS has grown impressively, new paradigms of stimulation have been developed (e.g., patterned repetitive TMS) and technical advances have led to new device designs and to the real-time integration of TMS with electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Thousands of healthy subjects and patients with various neurological and psychiatric diseases have undergone TMS allowing a better assessment of relative risks. The occurrence of seizures (i.e., the most serious TMS-related acute adverse effect) has been extremely rare, with most of the few new cases receiving rTMS exceeding previous guidelines, often in patients under treatment with drugs which potentially lower the seizure threshold. The present updated guidelines review issues of risk and safety of conventional TMS protocols, address the undesired effects and risks of emerging TMS interventions, the applications of TMS in patients with implanted electrodes in the central nervous system, and safety aspects of TMS in neuroimaging environments. We cover recommended limits of stimulation parameters and other important precautions, monitoring of subjects, expertise of the rTMS team, and ethical issues. While all the recommendations here are expert based, they utilize published data to the extent possible.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“An eight-second delay was enforced between the two pulses to remain within the strictest safety guidelines of TMS stimulation29.”
From BrainNet: A Multi-Person Brain-to-Brain Interface for Direct Collaboration Between Brains (2019) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The cTBS intensity was set to 80% of each participant’s active motor threshold, a conservative value chosen to minimize stimulation spread from the target region.”
From Two prefrontal-subcortical circuits estimate controllability and reflect its impact on learning (2026) · cites this paper as [88]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Treatment is usually well tolerated and presents no serious side effects. The most common side effects reported are transient headaches and local pain.”
From The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction (2019) · cites this paper as Rossi et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“More serious side effects, most notably seizures, are extremely rare and are unlikely when the proper safety guidelines are followed”
From The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction (2019) · cites this paper as Rossi et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“The rTMS parameters were well within currently recommended guidelines (Rossi et al., 2009), resulting in an estimated modification of DLPFc perfusion for 14 min (Eisenegger et al., 2008) and in a reduction of excitability of the targeted cortical region for several minutes following completion of the rTMS train (Maeda et al., 2000).”
From Disrupting the right prefrontal cortex alters moral judgement (2012) · cites this paper as Rossi et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex
Huang, Y.-Z., Edwards, M. J., Rounis, E., Bhatia, K. P., & Rothwell, J. C. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.033 · Cited by 4,158
EPILEPSY AND THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
Penfield, W., & Jasper, H. (1954) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-195407000-00024 · Cited by 4,092
Rossini, P. M., Barker, A. T., Berardelli, A., Caramia, M. D., Caruso, G., Cracco, R. Q., Dimitrijević, M. R., Hallett, M., Katayama, Y., Lücking, C. H., et al. (1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(94)90029-9 · Cited by 3,030
Self-citationWassermann, E. M. (1998) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/s0168-5597(97)00096-8 · Cited by 2,337
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Primer
Hallett, M. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.06.026 · Cited by 2,026
Self-citationO’Reardon, J. P., Solvason, H. B., Janicak, P. G., Sampson, S., Isenberg, K. E., Nahas, Z., McDonald, W. M., Avery, D., Fitzgerald, P. B., Loo, C., et al. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.018 · Cited by 1,910
Metaplasticity: the plasticity of synaptic plasticity
Abraham, W. C., & Bear, M. F. (1996) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)80018-x · Cited by 1,833
Adams, R. D., & Victor, M. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,718
Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep
Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., Huber, R., Esser, S. K., Singh, H., & Tononi, G. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1117256 · Cited by 1,534
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology
Kobayashi, M., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2003) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00321-1 · Cited by 1,299
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 313 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Theoret, 2003, Exploring paradoxical functional facilitation with TMS, Clin Neurophysiol, 56, 211
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,032
Vink, J. J. T., van Lieshout, E. C., Otte, W. M., van Eijk, R. P. A., Kouwenhoven, M., Neggers, S. F. W., van der Worp, H. B., Visser‐Meily, J. M. A., & Dijkhuizen, R. M. (2023) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.123.042924 · Cited by 72
He, Z., Li, S., Mo, L., Zheng, Z., Li, Y., Li, H., & Zhang, D. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1337-22.2023 · Cited by 76
Causative role of left aIPS in coding shared goals during human–avatar complementary joint actions
Sacheli, L. M., Candidi, M., Era, V., & Aglioti, S. M. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8544 · Cited by 75
Transcranial stimulation and cognition
Miniussi, C., & Ruzzoli, M. (2013) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53497-2.00056-5 · Cited by 78
Richieri, R. M., Guedj, É., Michel, P., Loundou, A., Auquier, P., Lançon, C., & Boyer, L. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.062 · Cited by 73
Vernet, M., Bashir, S., Yoo, W.-K., Oberman, L., Mizrahi, I., Ifert-Miller, F., Beck, C. J., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2014) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.07.004 · Cited by 73
Dídac Vidal-piñeiro, A., Martín-Trias, P., Arenaza‐Urquijo, E. M., Sala‐Llonch, R., Clemente, I. C., Mena-Sánchez, I., Bargalló, N., Falcón, C., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Bartrés‐Faz, D. (2014) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2013.12.016 · Cited by 70
Cunningham, D. A., Varnerin, N. M., Machado, A. G., Bonnett, C. E., Janini, D., Roelle, S. M., Potter–Baker, K. A., Sankarasubramanian, V., Wang, X., Yue, G. H., et al. (2015) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-150574 · Cited by 74
Non-invasive brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: Current concepts and outlook 2015
Benninger, D. H., & Hallett, M. (2015) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-151237 · Cited by 73
Self-citationLong, H., Wang, H., Zhao, C., Duan, Q., Feng, F., Hui, N., Mao, L., Liu, H., Mou, X., & Yuan, H. M. (2018) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-170733 · Cited by 73
Guse, B., Falkai, P., Gruber, O., Whalley, H., Gibson, L., Hasan, A., Obst, K., Dechent, P., McIntosh, A., Suchan, B., et al. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.034 · Cited by 75
Blom, R. M., Figee, M., Vulink, N. C. C., & Denys, D. A. J. P. (2011) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-011-0205-3 · Cited by 72
Brunoni, A. R., Shiozawa, P., Truong, D. Q., Javitt, D. C., Elkis, H., Fregni, F., & Bikson, M. (2014) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1586/17434440.2014.911082 · Cited by 75
Sligte, I. G., Wokke, M. E., Tesselaar, J. P., Scholte, H. S., & Lamme, V. A. F. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.010 · Cited by 73
Abnormal modulation of corticospinal excitability in adults with Asperger’s syndrome
Oberman, L. M., Eldaief, M. C., Fecteau, S., Ifert‐Miller, F., Tormos, J. M., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2012) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08172.x · Cited by 72
Successful physiological aging and episodic memory: A brain stimulation study
Manenti, R., Cotelli, M., & Miniussi, C. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.027 · Cited by 72
Hsu, Y.-F., Huang, Y., Lin, Y., Tang, C., Liao, K., Lee, P., Tsai, Y., Cheng, H.-L., Cheng, H., Chern, C., et al. (2012) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2012.04.007 · Cited by 72
Goldsworthy, M. R., Müller‐Dahlhaus, F., Ridding, M. C., & Ziemann, U. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht353 · Cited by 73
Hartwigsen, G., Bestmann, S., Ward, N., Woerbel, S., Mastroeni, C., Granert, O., & Siebner, H. R. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1010-12.2012 · Cited by 72
Cueva, A. S., Galhardoni, R., Cury, R. G., Parravano, D. C., Correa, G. A. S. F., Araújo, H. A., Cecílio, S. B., Raicher, I., Toledo, D., da Silva, V. A., et al. (2016) · Neurophysiologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2015.12.003 · Cited by 72
Graef, P., Dadalt, M. L. R., Rodrigués, D. A. M. D. S., Stein, C., & Pagnussat, A. S. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.016 · Cited by 75
Primary Motor Cortex Organization Is Altered in Persistent Patellofemoral Pain
Te, M., Baptista, A. F., Chipchase, L. S., & Schabrun, S. M. (2017) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnx036 · Cited by 72
Network-targeted cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation improves attentional control
Esterman, M., Thai, M., Okabe, H., DeGutis, J., Saad, E., Laganiere, S. E., & Halko, M. A. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.011 · Cited by 71
Sun, L. (2015) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.892337 · Cited by 69
Improving ideomotor limb apraxia by electrical stimulation of the left posterior parietal cortex
Bolognini, N., Convento, S., Banco, E., Mattioli, F., Tesio, L., & Vallar, G. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awu343 · Cited by 71
Stefanou, M., Desideri, D., Belardinelli, P., Zrenner, C., & Ziemann, U. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1470-18.2018 · Cited by 72
Review of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Epilepsy
Tsuboyama, M., Kaye, H. L., & Rotenberg, A. (2020) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.05.016 · Cited by 80
Trambaiolli, L. R., Kohl, S. H., Linden, D. E. J., & Mehler, D. M. A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.015 · Cited by 81
García-González, S., Lugo‐Marín, J., Setién-Ramos, I., Gisbert, L., Arteaga-Henríquez, G., Villoria, E. D., & Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.02.017 · Cited by 81
Analgesic effects of navigated motor cortex rTMS in patients with chronic neuropathic pain
Ayache, S. S., Ahdab, R., Chalah, M. A., Farhat, W. H., Mylius, V., Goujon, C., Sorel, M., & Lefaucheur, J. P. (2016) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.864 · Cited by 71
Berlim, M. T., Broadbent, H. J., & den Eynde, F. V. (2013) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145712001691 · Cited by 72
TMS to the Lateral Occipital Cortex Disrupts Object Processing but Facilitates Scene Processing
Mullin, C. R., & Steeves, J. K. E. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00095 · Cited by 71
Thibaut, A., Simis, M., Battistella, L. R., Fanciullacci, C., Bertolucci, F., Huerta-Gutiérrez, R., Chisari, C., & Fregni, F. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00187 · Cited by 71
Epigenetics insights into chronic pain: DNA hypomethylation in fibromyalgia—a controlled pilot-study
de Andrade, D. C., Maschietto, M. C., Galhardoni, R., Gouveia, G. R., Chile, T., Krepischi, A. C. V., Dale, C. S., Brunoni, A. R., Parravano, D. C., Cueva, A. S., et al. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000932 · Cited by 73
Xiang, H., Sun, J., Tang, X. D., Zeng, K., & Wu, X. (2019) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215519829897 · Cited by 71
Greinacher, R., Buhôt, L., Möller, L., & Learmonth, G. (2019) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14497 · Cited by 71
Acute Effects of Theanine, Caffeine and Theanine–Caffeine Combination on Attention
Kahathuduwa, C. N., Dassanayake, T. L., Amarakoon, A. M. T., & Weerasinghe, V. S. (2017) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2016.1144845 · Cited by 71
Basavaraju, R., Ithal, D., Thanki, M. V., Ramalingaiah, A. H., Thirthalli, J., Reddy, R. P., Brady, R. O., Halko, M. A., Bolo, N. R., Keshavan, M. S., et al. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.10.005 · Cited by 70
Noninvasive brain stimulation in neurorehabilitation
Sandrini, M., & Cohen, L. (2013) · Handbook of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53497-2.00040-1 · Cited by 66
Meteyard, L., & Holmes, N. P. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.02.008 · Cited by 72
Brem, A., Iorio, R. D., Fried, P. J., Oliveira-Maia, A. J., Marra, C., Profice, P., Quaranta, D., Schilberg, L., Atkinson, N. J., Seligson, E. E., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.00200 · Cited by 74
Self-citationVesia, M., Bolton, D. A. E., Mochizuki, G., & Staines, R. W. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.022 · Cited by 70
Hearing Shapes Our Perception of Time: Temporal Discrimination of Tactile Stimuli in Deaf People
Bolognini, N., Cecchetto, C., Geraci, C., Maravita, A., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Papagno, C. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00135 · Cited by 75
Fried, P. J., Rushmore, J., Moss, M. B., Valero‐Cabré, A., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12584 · Cited by 70
Heise, K.-F., Kortzorg, N., Saturnino, G. B., Fujiyama, H., Cuypers, K., Thielscher, A., & Swinnen, S. P. (2016) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.04.009 · Cited by 71
Lage, C., Wiles, K., Shergill, S. S., & Tracy, D. K. (2016) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-016-1592-8 · Cited by 70
Hosomi, K., Sugiyama, K., Nakamura, Y., Shimokawa, T., Oshino, S., Goto, Y., Mano, T., Shimizu, T., Yanagisawa, T., Saitoh, Y., et al. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001712 · Cited by 70
Abnormal cortical facilitation and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease
Guerra, A., Suppa, A., D’Onofrio, V., Stasio, F. D., Asci, F., Fabbrini, G., & Berardelli, A. (2019) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2019.06.012 · Cited by 75
Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Epilepsy: A Review of Current Approaches and Future Directions
Davis, P. W., & Gaitanis, J. N. (2020) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.05.017 · Cited by 69
Fitzgerald, P. B. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.067 · Cited by 69
Perturbation of the right prefrontal cortex disrupts interference control
Friehs, M. A., Klaus, J., Singh, T., Frings, C., & Hartwigsen, G. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117279 · Cited by 76
Schneider, C., Charpak, N., Ruíz, J. G., & Tessier, R. (2012) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02770.x · Cited by 70
Abnormal facilitatory mechanisms in motor cortex of migraine with aura
Brighina, F., Cosentinol, G., Vigneri, S., Talamanca, S., Palermo, A., Giglia, G., & Fierro, B. (2011) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.03.012 · Cited by 69
Cortical hypoexcitability persists beyond the symptomatic phase of a concussion
Powers, K. C., Cinelli, M. E., & Kalmar, J. M. (2014) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.888759 · Cited by 69
Priming the brain to learn: The future of therapy?
Schabrun, S. M., & Chipchase, L. S. (2011) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2011.12.001 · Cited by 69
From simulation to reciprocity: The case of complementary actions
Sartori, L., Cavallo, A., Bucchioni, G., & Castiello, U. (2011) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2011.586579 · Cited by 71
Bagherzadeh, Y., Banaraki, A. K., Zarrindast, M., Shariat, S. V., & Pantazis, D. (2016) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4580-1 · Cited by 68
White Matter Consequences of Retinal Receptor and Ganglion Cell Damage
Ogawa, S., Takemura, H., Horiguchi, H., Terao, M., Haji, T., Pestilli, F., Yeatman, J. D., Tsuneoka, H., Wandell, B. A., & Masuda, Y. (2014) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14737 · Cited by 67
Hallam, G., Whitney, C., Hymers, M., Gouws, A. D., & Jefferies, E. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.09.012 · Cited by 77
Crescentini, C., Bucchianico, M. D., Fabbro, F., & Urgesi, C. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.016 · Cited by 68
Pellegrini, M., Zoghi, M., & Jaberzadeh, S. J. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.002 · Cited by 68
Desideri, D., Zrenner, C., Ziemann, U., & Belardinelli, P. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp278638 · Cited by 76
Effects of HF-rTMS over the left and right DLPFC on proactive and reactive cognitive control
Pulopulos, M. M., Allaert, J., Vanderhasselt, M., Sánchez-López, Á., Witte, S. D., Baeken, C., & Raedt, R. D. (2020) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa082 · Cited by 68
Pabst, A., Proksch, S., Médé, B., Comstock, D. C., Ross, J. M., & Balasubramaniam, R. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104587 · Cited by 68
Individualized Brain Inhibition and Excitation Profile in Response to Paired-Pulse TMS
Du, X. M., Summerfelt, A. T., Chiappelli, J., Holcomb, H. H., & Hong, L. E. (2013) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.2013.850401 · Cited by 75
Right-shift for non-speech motor processing in adults who stutter.
Neef, N., Jung, K., Rothkegel, H., Pollok, B., von Gudenberg, A. W., Paulus, W., & Sommer, M. (2011) · Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2010.06.007 · Cited by 71
Transcranial magnetic stimulation during pregnancy
Sayar, G. H., Özten, E., Tufan, A. E., Cerit, C., Kağan, G., Dılbaz, N., & Tarhan, N. (2013) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-013-0397-0 · Cited by 74
Sommer, M., Norden, C., Schmack, L., Rothkegel, H., Lang, N., & Paulus, W. (2012) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2012.07.003 · Cited by 68
Corticospinal excitability is specifically modulated by the social dimension of observed actions
Sartori, L., Cavallo, A., Bucchioni, G., & Castiello, U. (2011) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2650-y · Cited by 67
Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Cortical Drive to Upper and Lower Limb Muscles
Haavik, H., Niazi, I., Jochumsen, M., Sherwin, D., Flavel, S., & Türker, K. (2016) · Brain Science · doi:10.3390/brainsci7010002 · Cited by 59
To, W. T., Eroh, J., Hart, J., & Vanneste, S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22730-x · Cited by 71
Fast estimation of transcranial magnetic stimulation motor threshold: is it safe?
Awiszus, F. (2010) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2010.09.004 · Cited by 68
Epileptic Seizure Detection and Experimental Treatment: A Review
Kim, T.-H., Nguyen, P., Pham, N., Bui, N., Truong, H., Ha, S., & Vu, T. N. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00701 · Cited by 69
Bashir, S., Perez, J. M., Horvath, J. C., Peña-Gómez, C., Vernet, M., Capia, A., Alonso‐Alonso, M., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00111 · Cited by 67
Prefrontal cortex rTMS enhances action naming in progressive non‐fluent aphasia
Cotelli, M., Manenti, R., Alberici, A., Brambilla, M., Cosseddu, M., Zanetti, O., Miozzo, A., Padovani, A., Miniussi, C., & Borroni, B. (2012) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03699.x · Cited by 68
Hartwigsen, G., Golombek, T., & Obleser, J. (2014) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2014.08.027 · Cited by 68
Effects of cerebellar continuous theta burst stimulation on resting tremor in Parkinson's disease
Bologna, M., Biasio, F. D., Conte, A., Iezzi, E., Modugno, N., & Berardelli, A. (2015) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.06.015 · Cited by 67
Philip, N. S., Ridout, S. J., Albright, S. E., Sanchez, G., & Carpenter, L. L. (2016) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22065 · Cited by 70
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: A New Strategy in Mild Cognitive Impairment?
Birba, A., Ibáñez, A. M., Sedeño, L., Ferrari, J., García, A. M., & Zimerman, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00016 · Cited by 72
Long-Term Paired Associative Stimulation Enhances Motor Output of the Tetraplegic Hand
Tolmacheva, A., Savolainen, S., Kirveskari, E., Lioumis, P., Kuusela, L., Brandstack, N., Ylinen, A., Mäkelä, J. P., & Shulga, A. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2017.4996 · Cited by 67
Kim, S., Nilakantan, A. S., Hermiller, M. S., Palumbo, R. T., VanHaerents, S. A., & Voss, J. L. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar2768 · Cited by 71
Moretti, J., Poh, E. Z., & Rodger, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00137 · Cited by 72
Weak rTMS-induced electric fields produce neural entrainment in humans
Zmeykina, E. A., Mittner, M., Paulus, W., & Turi, Z. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68687-8 · Cited by 67
Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Addiction: New Insights for Neuromodulation
Zhao, Y., Sallie, S. N., Cui, H., Zeng, N., Du, J., Yuan, T., Li, D., De Ridder, D., & Zhang, C. (2021) · Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.13291 · Cited by 71
Treatment of Functional Motor Disorders
Gelauff, J., Dreissen, Y. E. M., Tijssen, M. A. J., & Stone, J. (2014) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-014-0286-5 · Cited by 66
Non-invasive brain stimulation in generalized anxiety disorder: A systematic review
Sagliano, L., Atripaldi, D., Vita, D. D., D’Olimpio, F., & Trojano, L. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.03.002 · Cited by 72
Cantone, M., Lanza, G., Vinciguerra, L., Puglisi, V., Ricceri, R., Fisicaro, F., Vagli, C., Bella, R., Ferri, R., Pennisi, G., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00185 · Cited by 66
Biophysical modeling of neural plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation
Wilson, M. T., Fulcher, B., Fung, P. K., Robinson, P. A., Fornito, A., & Rogasch, N. C. (2018) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2018.03.018 · Cited by 64
Persistent Enhancement of Hippocampal Network Connectivity by Parietal rTMS Is Reproducible
Freedberg, M., Reeves, J. A., Toader, A. C., Hermiller, M. S., Voss, J. L., & Wassermann, E. M. (2019) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0129-19.2019 · Cited by 66
The Sleep Side of Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease
Romanella, S. M., Roe, D., Tatti, E., Cappon, D., Paciorek, R., Testani, E., Rossi, A., Rossi, S., & Santarnecchi, E. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.029 · Cited by 72
Self-citationLin, Y., Potter–Baker, K. A., Cunningham, D. A., Li, M., Sankarasubramanian, V., Lee, J., Jones, S., Sakaie, K., Wang, X., Machado, A. G., et al. (2020) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.06.016 · Cited by 66
Borgomaneri, S., Vitale, F., Battaglia, S., & Avenanti, A. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11091203 · Cited by 66
Cosentino, G., Fierro, B., Paladino, P., Talamanca, S., Vigneri, S., Palermo, A., Giglia, G., & Brighina, F. (2012) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07939.x · Cited by 65
Kreuzer, P. M., Schecklmann, M., Lehner, A., Wetter, T. C., Poeppl, T. B., Rupprecht, R., Ridder, D. D., Landgrebe, M., & Langguth, B. (2014) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.11.014 · Cited by 72
Woźniak-Kwaśniewska, A., Székely, D. L., Aussedat, P., Bougerol, T., & Olivier David, A. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.029 · Cited by 70
Yamamoto, K., Ueta, Y., Wang, L., Yamamoto, R., Inoue, N., Inokuchi, K., Aiba, A., Yonekura, H., & Kato, N. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6752-10.2011 · Cited by 69
Plow, E. B., Obretenova, S. N., Halko, M. A., Kenkel, S., Jackson, M. L., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Merabet, L. B. (2011) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.05.026 · Cited by 66
Bardi, L., Six, P., & Braß, M. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx109 · Cited by 72
Sliwinska, M. W., & Pitcher, D. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.025 · Cited by 68
Davila-Pérez, P., Jannati, A., Fried, P. J., Cudeiro, J., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2018) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.044 · Cited by 66
Metadata
- Authors
- Rossi, S., Hallett, M., Rossini, P. M., & Pascual-Leone, A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Università Campus Bio-Medico (IT)
- Venue
- Clinical Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2008-2039
- ISSN
- 1388-2457 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3260536
- OpenAlex
- W2156092714
- Cited by
- 5,367
- References
- 313
- Citations by year
- 2026: 211 · 2025: 305 · 2024: 346 · 2023: 318 · 2022: 358 · 2021: 409 · 2020: 447 · 2019: 439 · 2018: 397 · 2017: 350 · 2016: 345 · 2015: 324 · 2014: 310 · 2013: 277 · 2012: 239
- FWCI
- 111.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Use Siena air (University of Siena) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Siena
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/F02424X/1)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- National Center for Research Resources (K24RR018875)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- transcranial magnetic stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS safety, seizure risk, stimulation parameters, implanted electrodes
- MeSH terms
- Hot Temperature, Humans, Italy, Nervous System Diseases, Risk Factors, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Biomedical Research, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
