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Cited by 70Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesElectroconvulsive Therapy StudiesTraumatic Brain Injury Research

A systematic review of the effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognition

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Lage, Claudia, Wiles, Katherine, Shergill, Sukhwinder S., Tracy, Derek K.·2016·Journal of Neural Transmission
DOI 10.1007/s00702-016-1592-8PMC PMC5110586
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Abstract

rTMS is increasingly used for a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. There are data to support ‘fast’ rTMS (≥10 Hz) having some positive effects on cognitive functioning, but a dearth of research looking at any such effects of ‘slow’ rTMS. This question is important as cognitive dysfunction accompanies many neuropsychiatric conditions and neuromodulation that potentially enhances or hinders such functioning has important clinical consequences. To determine cognitive effects of slow (≤1 Hz) rTMS, a systematic review of randomized control trials assayed cognition in neurological, psychiatric, and healthy volunteer ≤1 Hz rTMS paradigms. Both active (fast rTMS) and placebo comparators were included. 497 Records were initially obtained; 20 met inclusion criteria for evaluation. Four major categories emerged: mood disorders; psychotic disorders; cerebrovascular accidents; and ‘other’ (PTSD, OCD, epilepsy, anxiety, and tinnitus). Cognitive effects were measured across several domains: attention, executive functioning, learning, and psychomotor speed. Variability of study paradigms and reporting precluded meta-analytical analysis. No statistically significant improvement or deterioration was consistently found in any cognitive domain or illness category. These data support the overall safety of rTMS in not adversely affecting cognitive functioning. There are some data indicating that rTMS might have cognitive enhancing potential, but these are too limited at this time to make any firm conclusions, and the literature is marked by considerable heterogeneity in study parameters that hinder interpretation. Greater consensus is required in future studies in cognitive markers, and particularly in reporting of protocols. Future work should evaluate the effects of rTMS on cognitive training.

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  • High tolerability with few side-effects is considered an important advantage over medication and, in the case of transcranial direct current stimulation, has a potential to be applied at home.

    “High tolerability with few side-effects is considered an important advantage over medication and, in the case of tDCS, has a potential to be applied at home (Aleman, Sommer, & Kahn, 2007, 2018; Chervyakov, Chernyavsky, Sinitsyn, & Piradov, 2015; Lage, Wiles, Shergill, & Tracy, 2016; Rossi et al., 2009; Slotema, Aleman, Daskalakis, & Sommer, 2012).”

    From Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive functioning in brain disorders: a meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Lage, Wiles, Shergill, & Tracy, 2016

    The Discussion (page unavailable) says the review supports the general safety of rTMS and a lack of harm to cognitive functioning; the Introduction describes stimulation as relatively painless. The paper does not establish high tolerability or few side effects compared with medication, and its discussion of tDCS does not address use at home. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Non-invasive brain stimulation can be a well-tolerated treatment.

    “While NIBS can be a well-tolerated treatment, its effects appear domain specific and should be applied only for realistic indications (i.e. to induce a small improvement in working memory or attention).”

    From Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive functioning in brain disorders: a meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Lage, Wiles, Shergill, & Tracy, 2016

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Lage, C., Wiles, K., Shergill, S. S., & Tracy, D. K.
Affiliations
  • King's College London (GB)
  • Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Corresponding author
Tracy, Derek K.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Neural Transmission
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-08-08
Volume
123
Issue
12
Pages
1479-1490
ISSN
  • 0300-9564 (ISSN-L)
  • 1435-1463
DOI
10.1007/s00702-016-1592-8
PMC
PMC5110586
OpenAlex
W2508542931
Cited by
70
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6
FWCI
0.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2019-06-21)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Neural Transmission (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Keywords
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, low-frequency rTMS, cognitive effects, cognitive enhancement, neuromodulation, mood disorders, psychosis, stroke, attention, executive function, learning, psychomotor speed, cognitive training
MeSH terms
Attention, Mental Disorders, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Mood Disorders, Stroke, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Executive Function

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