The relationship between BMI and percent body fat, measured by bioelectrical impedance, in a large adult sample is curvilinear and influenced by age and sex
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to establish the effects of age, gender and age-gender interactions on BMI-% fat relationships over a wide range of BMI and age. It also aimed to examine controversies regarding linear or curvilinear BMI-% fat relationships.Methods Body composition was measured using validated bio-impedance equipment (Bodystat) in a large self-selected sample of 23,627 UK adults aged 18-99 (99% ≤70) years, of which 11,582 were males with a mean BMI of 26.3±4.7 (sd) kg/m(2), and 12,044 females, with a mean BMI of 25.7±5.1 kg/m(2). Multiple regression analysis was used.Results BMI progressively increased with age in women and plateaued between 40 and 70 years in men. At a fixed BMI, body fat mass increased with age (1.9 kg/decade), as did % fat (1.1-1.4% per decade). The relationship between BMI and % fat was found to be curvilinear (quadratic) rather than linear, with a weaker association at lower BMI. There was also a small but significant age-gender interaction.Conclusion The association between BMI and % body fat is not strong, particularly in the desirable BMI range, is curvilinear rather than linear, and is affected by age.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2, as this threshold can accurately predict BF% in older people.
“Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2, as this threshold can accurately predict BF% in older people [32].”
From Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index (SOP <i>i</i> ): A Population‐Based Study (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Cites
Generalized equations for predicting body density of women
Jackson, A. S., Pollock, M. L., & Ward, A. (1980) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-198023000-00009 · Cited by 1,853 · see citing works
How Useful Is Body Mass Index for Comparison of Body Fatness across Age, Sex, and Ethnic Groups?
Gallagher, D., Visser, M., Sepulveda, D., Pierson, R. N., Harris, T., & Heymsfield, S. B. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008733 · Cited by 1,513 · see citing works
Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: age- and sex-specific prediction formulas
Deurenberg, P., Weststrate, J., & Seidell, J. C. (1991) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19910073 · Cited by 1,397 · see citing works
Sun, S. S., Chumlea, W. C., Heymsfield, S. B., Lukaski, H. C., Schoeller, D., Friedl, K., Kuczmarski, R. J., Flegal, K. M., Johnson, C. L., & Hubbard, V. S. (2003) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.2.331 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Jackson, A., Stanforth, P., Gagnon, J., Rankinen, T., Leon, A., Rao, D., Skinner, J., Bouchard, C., & Wilmore, J. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802006 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Body composition estimates from NHANES III bioelectrical impedance data
Chumlea, W., Guo, S., Kuczmarski, R., Flegal, K., Johnson, C., Heymsfield, S., Lukaski, H., Friedl, K., & Hubbard, V. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802167 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Human Body Composition: Growth, Aging, Nutrition, and Activity
Forbes, G. B. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Kyle, U., Genton, L., Hans, D., Karsegard, L., Slosman, D., & Pichard, C. (2001) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601198 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Fat-free and fat mass percentiles in 5225 healthy subjects aged 15 to 98 years
Kyle, U. G., Genton, L., Slosman, D. O., & Pichard, C. (2001) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00555-x · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Bedside methodsversusdual energy X‐ray absorptiometry for body composition measurement in COPD
STEINER, M. C., Barton, R. L., Singh, S., & Morgan, M. D. (2002) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00279602 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Kyle, U. G., Pirlich, M., Lochs, H. H., Schuetz, T., & Pichard, C. (2005) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2004.08.012 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Book Review: Obesity: A Report of the Royal College of Physicians
Yudkin, J. (1983) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107688307600624 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
(1989) · PubMed · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationWebster, J. D., Hesp, R., & Garrow, J. S. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 145 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Adiposity and All‐Cause Mortality: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
Lahmann, P. H., Lissner, L., Gullberg, B., & Berglund, G. L. (2002) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2002.50 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Effect of sex and age on bone mass, body composition and fuel metabolism in humans
Horber, F., Gruber, B., Thomi, F., Jensen, E. X., & Jaeger, P. (1997) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(97)00031-2 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Hannan, W. J., Cowen, S. J., Plester, C. E., Fearon, K. C. H., & Debeau, A. (1995) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0890651 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Perry, H. M., Morley, J. E., Horowitz, M., Kaiser, F. E., Miller, D. K., & Wittert, G. (1997) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90138-4 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Body mass index as a measure of body fatness in the elderly.
Deurenberg, P., Kooy, K. V. D., Hulshof, T. G., & Evers, P. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Impact of the GH-cortisol ratio on the age-dependent changes in body composition
Nass, R., & Thorner, M. O. (2002) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/s1096-6374(02)00022-9 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Mullie, P., Vansant, G., Hulens, M., Clarys, P., & Degrave, E. (2008) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed.173.3.266 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Heymsfield, S., Nuñez, C. E. C., Testolin, C., & Gallagher, D. (2000) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601022 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Age-related changes in body composition of healthy and osteoporotic women
Martini, G., Valenti, R., Giovani, S., & Nuti, R. (1997) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(97)01108-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
(1994) · PubMed · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationBody composition at the bedside
Ghosh, S. K., Meister, D., Cowen, S. J., Hannan, J., & Ferguson, A. (1997) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/00042737-199708000-00009 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Body Mass Index and Percentage Body Fat as Health Indicators for Young Adults
Brooks, Y., Black, D. R., Coster, D. C., Blue, C. L., Abood, D. A., & Gretebeck, R. J. (2007) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.31.6.15 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The relationship between body mass index and per cent body fat in the severely obese
Adams, T. D., Heath, E. M., LaMonte, M. J., Gress, R. E., Pendleton, R. C., Strong, M., Smith, S. C., & Hunt, S. C. (2006) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00631.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
An evaluation of a bioelectrical impedance analyser for the estimation of body fat content.
Maughan, R. J. (1993) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.27.1.63 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
RELIABILITY AND DETECTING CHANGE FOLLOWING SHORT-TERM CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION
Kilduff, L. P., LEWIS, S., KINGSLEY, M. I. C., Owen, N. J., & Dietzig, R. E. (2007) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/r-19245.1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Fuller, N. J. (1993) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/0261-5614(93)90021-u · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Body composition in Chinese subjects: relationship with age and disease
Woo, J., Kwok, T. C. Y., Lau, E., Li, M., & Yu, L. (1997) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/s0167-4943(97)00026-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
[Comparison of various methods of body fat analysis in overweight and obese women].
Verovská, R., Lacnák, Z., Haluzíková, D., Fábin, P., Hájek, P., Horák, L., Haluzı́k, M., Svacina, S., & Matoulek, M. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Body mass index and percentage body fat as health indicators for young adults.
Brooks, Y., Black, D. R., Coster, D. C., et al. (2008) · PubMed · doi:10.5555/ajhb.2007.31.6.687 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Body composition and age-related diseases
Guyonnet, S. (2003) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(02)00191-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Does the Body Mass Index Accurately Reflect Percent Body Fat in Athletes?
Riewald, S. A. (2008) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0b013e318163bc23 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Benton, M. J., & Swan, P. D. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000274462.04445.8c · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Age related changes in body composition
Oldroyd, B., Stewart, S. P., Truscott, J. G., Westmacott, C. F., & Smith, M. A. (1998) · Applied Radiation and Isotopes · doi:10.1016/s0969-8043(97)00191-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Age and obesity influence body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean men
Kwon, S.-Y., Jang, Y.-A., Lee, J. H., & Kim, O. Y. (2001) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)80324-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sarcopenia as a risk factor for falls in elderly individuals: results from the ilSIRENTE study
Landi, F., Liperoti, R., Russo, A., Giovannini, S., Tosato, M., Capoluongo, E., Bernabei, R., & Onder, G. (2012) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.02.007 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Muñoz-Huerta, R., Guevara-González, R. G., Contreras-Medina, L. M., Torres‐Pacheco, I., Prado-Olivarez, J., & Ocampo-Velazquez, R. V. (2013) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s130810823 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Marra, M., Sammarco, R., De Lorenzo, A., Iellamo, F., Siervo, M., Pietrobelli, A., Donini, L. M., Santarpia, L., Cataldi, M., Pasanisi, F., et al. (2019) · Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1155/2019/3548284 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Body composition phenotypes in pathways to obesity and the metabolic syndrome
Dulloo, A. G., Jacquet, J., Solinas, G., Montani, J.-P., & Schutz, Y. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.234 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People
Benz, E., Pinel, A., Guillet, C., Capel, F., Pereira, B., De Antonio, M., Pouget, M., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Eglseer, D., Topinkova, E., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3604 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Lower BMI cutoffs to define overweight and obesity in <scp>C</scp> hina
He, W., Li, Q., Yang, M., Jiao, J., Ma, X., Zhou, Y., Song, A., Heymsfield, S. B., Zhang, S., & Zhu, S. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20995 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Percent body fat is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index
Zeng, Q., Dong, S.-Y., Sun, X., Xie, J., & Cui, Y. (2012) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500059 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Li, Z., Tong, X., Ma, Y., Bao, T., & Yue, J. (2022) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12908 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Ranasinghe, C., Gamage, P., Katulanda, P., Andraweera, N., Thilakarathne, S., & Tharanga, P. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-797 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Stoner, L., Rowlands, D., Morrison, A., Credeur, D., Hamlin, M., Gaffney, K., Lambrick, D., & Matheson, A. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0537-6 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Jeong, S., Lee, D. H., Rezende, L. F. M., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30527-w · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Harrop, E. N., Mensinger, J. L., Moore, M., & Lindhorst, T. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23519 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
García‐Esquinas, E., García‐García, F. J., León-Muñoz, L. M., Carnicero, J. A. C., Guallar‐Castillón, P., Harmand, M. G., López‐García, E., Alonso‐Bouzón, C., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., & Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21013 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Canadian Consensus on Female Nutrition: Adolescence, Reproduction, Menopause, and Beyond.
O'Connor, D., Blake, J., Bell, R., Bowen, A., Callum, J., Fenton, S., Gray-donald, K., Rossiter, M., Adamo, K., Brett, K., et al. (2016) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2016.01.001 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Update on Treatment Strategies for Obesity
Wyatt, H. R. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3115 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Weight and pressure ulcer occurrence: A secondary data analysis
Kottner, J., Gefen, A., & Lahmann, N. (2011) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.04.011 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Gargiulo, S., Gramanzini, M., Megna, R., Greco, A., Albanese, S., Manfredi, C., & Brunetti, A. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/253067 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Peralta, G. P., Marcon, A., Carsin, A., Abramson, M. J., Accordini, S., Amaral, A. F. S., Antó, J. M., Bowatte, G., Burney, P., Corsico, A. G., et al. (2020) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213880 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Sañudo, B., Alfonso‐Rosa, R. M., Cruz, B. D. P., del Pozo-Cruz, J., Galiano, D., & Figueroa, A. (2013) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2654-3 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Akindele, M. O., Phillips, J. S., & Igumbor, E. U. (2016) · Journal of Public Health in Africa · doi:10.4081/jphia.2016.515 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Barrea, L., Pugliese, G., Laudisio, D., Colao, A., Savastano, S., & Muscogiuri, G. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1755220 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Fitzpatrick, J., Sozio, S. M., Jaar, B. G., Estrella, M. M., Segev, D. L., Parekh, R. S., & McAdams‐DeMarco, M. (2018) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfy124 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
A review of experimental design in forensic taphonomy: moving towards forensic realism
Miles, K. L., Finaughty, D. A., & Gibbon, V. E. (2020) · Forensic Sciences Research · doi:10.1080/20961790.2020.1792631 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Pharmacological Interactions in the Elderly
Błeszyńska-Marunowska, E., Wierucki, Ł., Zdrojewski, T. R., & Renke, M. (2020) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina56070320 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos españoles
Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, E., Plaza, B. L., López-Sobaler, A. M., Anta, R. M. O., & Ucm, G. D. I. (2011) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · doi:10.3305/nh.2011.26.2.4918 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Optimal body fat percentage cut‐offs for obesity in C hinese adults
Li, L., Wang, C., Bao, Y., Peng, L.-P., Gu, H., & Jia, W. (2012) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05684.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Gaio, E. J., Haas, A. N., Rõsing, C. K., Oppermann, R. V., Albandar, J. M., & Susin, C. (2016) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12544 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
He, W., Zhang, S., Song, A., Yang, M., Jiao, J., Allison, D. B., Heymsfield, S. B., & Zhu, S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058688 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Did the American Medical Association make the correct decision classifying obesity as a disease?
Stoner, L. R., & Cornwall, J. (2014) · Australasian Medical Journal · doi:10.4066/amj.2014.2281 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Muñoz-Huerta, R., Ortiz-Melendez, A., Guevara-González, R. G., Torres‐Pacheco, I., Herrera-Ruíz, G., Contreras-Medina, L. M., Prado-Olivarez, J., & Ocampo-Velazquez, R. V. (2014) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s140711492 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Predicting body fat percentage based on gender, age and BMI by using artificial neural networks
Kupusinac, A., Stokić, E., & Doroslovački, R. (2013) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.10.013 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Estimation of body fat percentage using hybrid machine learning algorithms
Uçar, M. K., Uçar, Z., KÖKSAL, F., & Daldal, N. (2020) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108173 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
How to Estimate Fat Mass in Overweight and Obese Subjects
Donini, L. M., Poggiogalle, E., del Balzo, V., Lubrano, C., Faliva, M. A., Opizzi, A., Perna, S., Pinto, A., & Rondanelli, M. (2013) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2013/285680 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Latoszek, B. B. V., Verfaillie, R., Roy, N., & Maryn, Y. (2013) · CoDAS · doi:10.1590/s2317-17822013000400003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Amin, F., Fatima, S. S., Islam, N., & Gilani, A. H. (2015) · BMC Obesity · doi:10.1186/s40608-015-0044-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Li, Y., Wang, H., Wang, K., Wang, W., Dong, F., Qian, Y., Gong, H., Xu, G., Li, G., Pan, L., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014675 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Fraser, J. J., Glaviano, N. R., & Hertel, J. N. (2017) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6999 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Dekker, I. M., van Rijssen, N. M., Verreijen, A., Weijs, P. J., de Boer, W. B. (., Terpstra, D., & Kruizenga, H. M. (2022) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.014 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ho, A. K., Bartels, C. M., Thorpe, C. T., Pandhi, N., Smith, M. A., & Johnson, H. M. (2016) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpw020 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism of antibiotics in the elderly
Pea, F. (2018) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1080/17425255.2018.1528226 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lang, P. O., Trivalle, C., Vogel, T., Proust, J., & Papazyan, J. P. (2014) · Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.03.010 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Body mass index represents a good predictor of vitamin D status in women independently from age
Monache, S. D., Fulvio, P. D., Iannetti, E., Valerii, L., Capone, L., Nespoli, M., Bologna, M., & Angelucci, A. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.024 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Macek, P., Biskup, M., Terek-Derszniak, M., Król, H., Smok-Kalwat, J., Góźdź, S. S., & Žák, M. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68265-y · Cited by 39 · see citing works
From State to Process: Defining Hydration
Perrier, E. T., Armstrong, L. E., Daudon, M., Kavouras, S. A., Lafontan, M., Lang, F. J. W., Péronnet, F., Stookey, J. D., Tack, I., & Klein, A. (2014) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000360611 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Elia, M. (2013) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.166 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationScanlon, G., Connell, P., Ratzlaff, M., Foerg, B., McCartney, D. M. A., Murphy, A., O'Connor, K., & Loughman, J. (2015) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000000551 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Pittner, K., Buisman, R. S. M., van den Berg, L. J. M., Block, L. C.-D., Tollenaar, M. S., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Elzinga, B. M., & Alink, L. R. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00387 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Relationship between BMI and physical performance among older adults
Ferreira, R. S., Coqueiro, R. D. S., Barbosa, A. R., Pinheiro, P. A., & Fernandes, M. H. (2013) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2013.07.013 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Riem, M. M. E., & Karreman, A. (2018) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559518795058 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ferenci, T., & Kovács, L. (2017) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2017.05.063 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Body mass index, body fat and risk factor of relapse in anorexia nervosa
Ghoch, M. E., Calugi, S., Chignola, E., Bazzani, P. V., & Grave, R. D. (2015) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.164 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Adane, A. A., Tooth, L. R., & Mishra, G. D. (2017) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.12.014 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sugiura, T., Dohi, Y., Takagi, Y., Yoshikane, N., Ito, M., Suzuki, K. S., Nagami, T., Iwase, M., Seo, Y., & Ohte, N. (2019) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.50633 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Adiposity and grip strength: a Mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank
Pereira, S. M. P., Garfield, V., Farmaki, A., Tomlinson, D. J., Norris, T., Fatemifar, G., Denaxas, S., Finan, C., & Cooper, R. (2022) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02393-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
De, A., Mehta, M., Singh, P., Bhagat, N., Mitra, S., Das, A., & Duseja, A. K. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01346-w · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Yıldırım, H. (2024) · Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems · doi:10.21541/apjess.1371070 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Body Mass Index (BMI) Impacts Soil Chemical and Microbial Response to Human Decomposition
Mason, A. R., McKee‐Zech, H. S., Hoeland, K. M., Davis, M. C., Campagna, S. R., Steadman, D. W., & DeBruyn, J. M. (2022) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00325-22 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Herrmann, S. D., McMurray, R. G., Kim, Y., Willis, E. A., Kang, M., & McCurdy, T. (2017) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22944 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pieters, R., & Focant, J. (2014) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.019 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Non-communicable diseases deaths attributable to high body mass index in Chile
Riquelme, R., Rezende, L. F. M., Guzman-Habinger, J. M., Chávez, J. L., Celis-Morales, C. A., Catterina Ferreccio, R., & Ferrari, G. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94974-z · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Microbial ecology of vertebrate decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems
Mason, A. R., Taylor, L. S., & DeBruyn, J. M. (2023) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiad006 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jandacek, R. J., & Genuis, S. J. (2013) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2013/205621 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jones, M. E., Schoemaker, M. J., Rae, M., Folkerd, E. J., Dowsett, M., Ashworth, A., & Swerdlow, A. J. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1588 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Duseja, A. K., De, A., & Wong, V. W. (2023) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.011 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Comparison of the Body Adiposity Index to Body Mass Index in Korean Women
Sung, Y., Oh, J. Y., & Lee, H. (2014) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2014.55.4.1028 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Nienaber‐Rousseau, C., Sotunde, O. F., Ukegbu, P., Myburgh, P. H., Wright, H. H., Havemann‐Nel, L., Moss, S. J., Kruger, I. M., & Kruger, H. S. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14091089 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Body composition in coronary heart disease: how does body mass index correlate with body fatness?
Schutter, A. D., Lavie, C. J., González, J., & Milani, R. V. (2011) · PubMed Central · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Adherence to the 2017 French dietary guidelines and adult weight gain: A cohort study
Chaltiel, D., Julia, C., Adjibade, M., Touvier, M., Herçberg, S., & Kesse‐Guyot, E. (2019) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetic considerations about antiseizure medications in the elderly
Roberti, R., Palleria, C., Nesci, V., Tallarico, M., Bonaventura, C. D., Irelli, E. C., Morano, A., Sarro, G. D., Russo, E., & Citraro, R. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1080/17425255.2020.1806236 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in Plant Biology
Hussain, M. I., El‐Keblawy, A., Akhtar, N., & Elwakil, A. S. (2021) · Sustainable agriculture reviews · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73245-5_12 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bioelectrical impedance validation studies: alternative approaches to their interpretation
Ward, L. C. (2013) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.159 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Anyżewska, A., Łakomy, R., Lepionka, T., Szarska, E., Maculewicz, E., Tomczak, A., & Bertrandt, J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12010242 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ding, Z., Yan, J., & Fu, J. P. (2021) · Mobile Information Systems · doi:10.1155/2021/9923833 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Choi, Y., Kim, D., & Kim, S. K. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12020197 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Association between body mass index and muscularity in healthy older Japanese women and men
Kanehisa, H., & Fukunaga, T. (2013) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/1880-6805-32-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Pavlidou, E., Petridis, D., Tolia, M., Tsoukalas, N., Poultsidi, A., Fasoulas, A., Kyrgias, G., & Giaginis, C. (2018) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-018-0278-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Uçar, M. K., Uçar, Z., Uçar, K., Akman, M., & Bozkurt, M. R. (2021) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102650 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Development of a Library of Adult Computational Phantoms Based on Anthropometric Indexes
Akhavanallaf, A., Xie, T., & Zaidi, H. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences · doi:10.1109/trpms.2018.2816072 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Obesity as a risk factor for tooth loss over 5 years: A population‐based cohort study
Vallim, A. C., Gaio, E. J., Oppermann, R. V., Rõsing, C. K., Albandar, J. M., Susin, C., & Haas, A. N. (2020) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13378 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Antimicrobial Dosing in Specific Populations and Novel Clinical Methodologies: Obesity
Pai, M. P. (2021) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.2181 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Using body mass index ignores the intensive training of elite special force personnel
Tafeit, E., Cvirn, G., Lamprecht, M., Hohensinn, M., Moeller, R., Hamlin, M. J., & Horejsi, R. (2019) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370219848986 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bai, M., Susic, D. F., O’Sullivan, A., & Henry, A. (2020) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2020/3128767 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Exploring the relationship between time preference, body fatness, and educational attainment
Brown, H., & Biosca, O. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.016 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Okaniwa, F., & Yoshida, H. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/30630 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Misra, P., Singh, A., Archana, S., Lohiya, A., & Kant, S. (2019) · Journal of Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_218_18 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Chen, C. V., Liu, Y., Lee, S., Yang, H., & Chan, W. P. (2019) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.26956 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Assessment of a proposed BMI formula in predicting body fat percentage among Filipino young adults
Haute, M. V., Rondilla, E., Vitug, J. L., Batin, K. D., Abrugar, R. E. N., Quitoriano, F., Merced, K. D., Maaño, T., Higa, J., Almoro, J. G., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79041-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Baek, S., & Yoon, J. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252111540 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Akman, M., Uçar, M. K., Uçar, Z., Uçar, K., BARAKLI, B., & Bozkurt, M. R. (2021) · IRBM · doi:10.1016/j.irbm.2020.12.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Performance of newly developed body mass index cut-off for diagnosing obesity among Ethiopian adults
Sinaga, M., Yemane, T., Tegene, E., Lidstrom, D., & Belachew, T. (2019) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-019-0205-2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sañudo, B., Muñoz, T., Davison, G. W., López‐Lluch, G., & del Pozo-Cruz, J. (2018) · Dose-Response · doi:10.1177/1559325818797015 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Shan, G., Gan, L., Qian, Y., Chen, T., Wang, H., Pan, X., Wang, W., Pan, L., Zhang, X., et al. (2020) · BMC Ophthalmology · doi:10.1186/s12886-020-1324-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Monteil, D., Walrand, S., Vannier-Nitenberg, C., Oost, B. V., & Bonnefoy, M. (2020) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1465-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
What kind of Relationship is Between Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage?
Kupusinac, A., Stokić, E., Sukić, E., Rankov, O., & Katić, A. (2016) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-016-0636-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zsoldos, I., Sinding, C., & Chambaron, S. (2022) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105864 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hsieh, K.-C., Chen, Y.-J., Lu, H.-K., Lee, L.-C., Huang, Y., & Chen, Y.-Y. (2013) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-21 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dopsaj, M., Ilić, V., Djordjevic-Nikic, M., Vuković, M., Eminović, F., Macura, M., & Dejan, I. (2015) · The Anthropologist · doi:10.1080/09720073.2015.11891658 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Deaths Attributable to High Body Mass in Brazil
Rabacow, F. M., Azeredo, C. M., & Rezende, L. F. M. (2019) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd16.190143 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kim, G. W., Nam, J.-S., Abidin, M. F. B. Z., Kim, S.-O., Chin, J., Lee, E.-H., & Choi, I. (2022) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-022-11944-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
dos Anjos, L. A., Teixeira, F. D. C., Wahrlich, V., de Vasconcellos, M. T. L., & Going, S. B. (2013) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2013000100009 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Meeuwsen, S., Horgan, G. W., & Elia, M.
- Affiliations
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Elia, M.
- ORCID
- Horgan, G.W.
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 560-566
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044264137
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 8.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Scottish Government
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- body mass index, body fat percentage, fat mass, bioimpedance, body composition, curvilinear relationship, age effects, sex differences, age-gender interaction, adults
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Thinness, Body Mass Index, Electric Impedance, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
