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Ultra-processed food consumption and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Isaksen, Irja Minde, Dankel, Simon Nitter·2023·Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.03.018
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Abstract

Background Ultra-processed foods (UPF) have become a staple of the diet in many countries, concomitant with increases in non-communicable diseases including cancer. Aim The aim of this systematic literature review was to evaluate associations between the consumption of UPF and cancer risk. Methods A systematic literature search for observational studies investigating the association between cancer risk and UPF consumption, determined by the NOVA classification system, was performed. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Independent review and risk of bias assessment was performed independently by the authors using the National Institutes of Health's Study Quality Assessment Tools. Results Eleven reports were identified, including eight retrospective case-control studies and three prospective cohorts. The outcome was risk of total cancer and/or one or more of the following cancers: colorectal, breast, prostate, pancreatic, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and central nervous system tumors. Nine studies reported a significant positive association between UPF intake and all the assessed cancers except prostate, after adjustment for confounding factors including obesity and total energy intake. A 10% increment in the diet's proportion of UPF was associated with increased risk of overall cancer (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.18) and breast cancer (HR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.21). In addition, a high intake of UPF was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR T3 vs.…

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Metadata

Authors
Isaksen, I. M., & Dankel, S. N.
ORCID
Dankel, Simon Nitter
Venue
Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-06
Volume
42
Issue
6
Pages
919-928
ISSN
0261-5614
DOI
10.1016/j.clnu.2023.03.018
Cited by
159
References
6
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Trond Mohn stiftelse
  • Universitetet i Bergen

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