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The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Aging and Metabolic Diseases: Bridging Association and Causality
Open accessAbstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on nucleotides, lipids, and peptides/proteins are an inevitable component of the aging process in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. To date, a substantial body of evidence shows that AGEs and their functionally compromised adducts are linked to and perhaps responsible for changes seen during aging and for the development of many age-related morbidities. However, much remains to be learned about the biology of AGE formation, causal nature of these associations, and whether new interventions might be developed that will prevent or reduce the negative impact of AGEs-related damage. To facilitate achieving these latter ends, we show how invertebrate models, notably Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, can be used to explore AGE-related pathways in depth and to identify and assess drugs that will mitigate against the detrimental effects of AGE-adduct development.
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“The fundamental role of AGEs, including glycoxidation products, in human aging, but also in aging of vertebrate and invertebrate model organism has been reviewed in 2018 by Chaudhuri and colleagues [153]”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [153]
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“a growing body of evidence reveals that levels of glycoxidation products increase as a function of age in several tissues, dependent on the dietary intake and the presence of hyperglycemic conditions [152,153]”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [153]
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“together indicating the relevance of AGEs as biomarkers of aging and age-related diseases”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [153]
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“However, under pathological conditions, RAGEs can be upregulated and participate in various aging-related pathophysiologies, such as adult-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disorders, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney failure, pancreatitis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), hepatic fibrosis, and alcohol-mediated tissue injury37,38.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
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“Generally, RAGEs are expressed widely in various cells, such as endothelial cells, macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons, and organs, such as the brain, heart, lung, kidney, and liver36,37.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
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“The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on nucleotides, lipids, and peptides/proteins is an inevitable part of the ageing process in all organisms, including humans [40,41].”
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“In addition, premature aging has been associated with elevated generation of AGEs leading to increase in oxidative stress [78]).”
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“Furthermore, the inhibition activity of the two compounds in t e BSA-MGO model was higher than hat in the BSA-fructose model, which suggests that t e two compounds may be more selective in targeting MGO than other α-dicarbonyl compounds to stop the glycation progress [29].”
Wang, Y., Zu, G., Yu, Y., Tang, J., Han, T., & Zhang, C. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280112 · Cited by 20
“AGE is a harmful molecule formed by macromolecular glycosylation, and RAGE is one of its transmembrane receptors [30].”
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“25 AGEs also alter MMP activity in the ECM.”
Glycation and Oxidative Stress Increase Autoantibodies in the Elderly
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“The Maillard reaction products accumulate in long-lived tissue proteins (such as collagens, cartilage, and crystallins) with age, even without any diseases [9–11], and are inevitable components of the aging process in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans [12].”
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“Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate in various tissues with aging and may contribute to the pathology of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and induction of oxidative stress and inflammation (1, 2).”
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“Lines: (1) BSA; (2) BSA + glucose; (3) BSA + metformin; (4) BSA + glucose + metformin; (5) BSA + aminoguanidine; (6) BSA + glucose + aminoguanidine; (7) BSA + 100 μM flavonoid; (8) BSA + glucose + 100 μM flavonoid; (9) BSA + 50 μM flavonoid; (10) BSA + glucose + 50 μM flavonoid; (11) BSA + 12.”
Brun, C., Hernandez‐Alba, O., Hovasse, A., Criscuolo, F., Schaeffer‐Reiss, C., & Bertile, F. (2022) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111811 · Cited by 22
“, 2018) and glycation, involved in the loss of proteostasis (Lopez-Otin and Kroemer, 2021), is one of the hallmarks of ageing (Chaudhuri et al., 2018), the evaluation of whether glycation eventually occurs in any bird species hence disturbing potentially the functionality of hemoglobin isoforms (or any other plasma pr…”
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“An important causal factor in aging is AGEs accumulation (Chaudhuri et al. 2018).”
BackgroundChen, Z., & Hong, Q. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1125745 · Cited by 16
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Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Mediators of Psychosocial Stress Contribution to Osteoporosis?
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“Non-enzymatic glycation reactions (Maillard reaction) occur in DM patients due to hyperglycemic conditions and largely result in the production of endogenous AGEs (33).”
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“…GLO I, has a vital part in mitigating this damage by detoxifying MG. gly-oxalase system, particularly GLO I, has a vital part in mitigating this damage by detoxifying Dysfunction in this system could exacerbate cardiovascular complications associated with metabolic syndrome [66] (Table 1).”
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“These metabolic disturbances also promote the formation of AGEs and PKC pathways, which further exacerbate neural microvascular compromise [35].”
Mamun-Or-Rashid, A. N. M., Lucy, T. T., Yagi, M., & Yonei, Y. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10010054 · Cited by 16
“The aforementioned factors have made it difficult to create a model in which an AGE is linked to a single specific target and a single specific age-related disease [35].”
BackgroundBiocatalytic Reversal of Advanced Glycation End Product Modification
Kim, N. Y., Goddard, T. N., Sohn, S., Spiegel, D. A., & Crawford, J. M. (2019) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.201900158 · Cited by 15
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“shown to be responsible for the disposal of AGE-peptides that can be found in the urine of diabetic rats and patients [35].”
BackgroundRice bran modulates renal disease risk factors in animals submitted to high sugar-fat diet
Siqueira, J. S., Francisqueti‐Ferron, F. V., Garcia, J. L., Silva, C. C. V. D. A., Costa, M. R., Nakandakare-Maia, E. T., Moreto, F., Ferreira, A. L. A., Minatel, I. O., Ferron, A. J. T., et al. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2020-0169 · Cited by 14
“Assim, essa ativação é uma interface entre estresse oxidativo e inflamação, que são pilares para o desenvolvimento de várias doenças, especialmente em órgãos que expressam esses receptores de AGE, como cérebro, coração e rins 9 .”
Autophagy and Glycative Stress: A Bittersweet Relationship in Neurodegeneration
Gómez, O., Perini-Villanueva, G., Yuste, A., Rodríguez‐Navarro, J. A., Poch, E., & Bejarano, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.790479 · Cited by 14
“Overall, in vitro and in vivo experiments in different animal models support the hypothesis that strategies for lowering AGEs deposition are neuroprotective (Bélanger et al., 2011; Chaudhuri et al., 2018).”
BackgroundTan, H., Xu, W., Ding, X., Ye, H., Hu, Y. F., He, X., Ming, Y., & Zheng, L. (2022) · Glycoconjugate Journal · doi:10.1007/s10719-022-10062-y · Cited by 14
“AGEs, formed by the body metabolites, reducing sugars and proteins under the action of non-enzymatic glycosylation (Maillard reaction), have been revealed to accumulate during aging or the progression of diabetes, which further promote inflammation and cause damage to the body [1, 21].”
BackgroundMoises, J. E., Regl, C., Hinterholzer, A., Huber, C. G., & Schubert, M. (2022) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-022-03454-0 · Cited by 14
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“A major cause of increased crosslinking is due to reactions between ECM proteins like collagen and elastin with AGEs.(23)”
BackgroundBorský, P., Holmannová, D., Andrýs, C., Kremláček, J., Fiala, Z., Kovaříková, H., Řeháček, V., Švadláková, T., Býma, S., Kučera, O., et al. (2023) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-023-10054-x · Cited by 17
“Pathologies such as inflammation, metabolic diseases, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and a high-caloric diet can accelerate the production of AGEs and aging (Chaudhuri et al. 2018).”
BackgroundMori, Y., Terasaki, M., Osaka, N., Fujikawa, T., Yashima, H., Saito, T., Kataoka, Y., Ohara, M., Higashimoto, Y., Matsui, T., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25115947 · Cited by 14
“The macromolecule modification by AGEs alters their structure and function in both animal models and humans [13].”
BackgroundNutrients and Natural Substances for Hypoglycemic Effects and Management in Diabetic Retinopathy
Cappellani, F., Foti, R., Malaguarnera, G., D’Esposito, F., Musumeci, C., Rapisarda, L., Tognetto, D., Gagliano, C., & Zeppieri, M. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071207 · Cited by 14
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Recent developments in in-vitro assessment of advanced glycation end products
Serin, Y., Akbulut, G., Uğur, H., & Yaman, M. (2021) · Current Opinion in Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2021.03.011 · Cited by 14
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“NFκB pathway), producing OS and inflammation [38].”
BackgroundUnveiling new secrets in Parkinson’s disease: The glycatome
Chegão, A., & Miranda, H. V. (2023) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114309 · Cited by 15
“AGEs may form during normal metabolism and are a known hallmark of the ageing process [91].”
Polystyrene microplastic-induced pathophysiology is driven by disruption of efferocytosis
Codo, A. C., Romero-Pichardo, J. E., Wang, Z., Aufiero, M. A., Lazarov, T., Rojas, W. S., Walker, N. S., Nair, A., Cole, R. F., Adkins, S., et al. (2026) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2026.01.009 · Cited by 14
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Advanced glycation end products are associated with cardiovascular risk in the Mexican population
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Hrabalova, P., Bohuslavová, R., Matějková, K., Papoušek, F., Sedmera, D., Abaffy, P., Kolář, F., & Pavlínková, G. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01824-5 · Cited by 16
“Considering that the sympathetic system plays a crucial role in modulating glucose metabolism of target organs (as reviewed in [87, 88]), it is reasonable to hypothesize that a dysfunctional sympathetic system could potentially have an impact on glucose metabolism, glucose uptake, and/or lead to increased oxidative st…”
BackgroundInfluentialNeutel, C. H. G., Wesley, C. D., Praet, M. V., Civati, C., Roth, L., Meyer, G. R. Y. D., Martinet, W., & Guns, P. (2023) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2023.107212 · Cited by 13
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Steens, I. L. M., Schram, M. T., Houben, A. J. H. M., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Jansen, J. F. A., Backes, W. H., Koster, A., Bosma, H., Eussen, S. J. P. M., de Galan, B. E., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16527 · Cited by 13
“31,46,47 Also, while we adjusted for a broad set of confounders, residual confounding due to unmeasured factors cannot be entirely excluded.”
Sierra-Ramírez, J. A., Saucedo-Bueno, L., García‐Hernández, A. L., Martínez-Dávalos, A., Rodríguez-López, C., Drago-Serrano, M. E., & Godínez‐Victoria, M. (2022) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111035 · Cited by 14
Jewell, D. E., & Jackson, M. I. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12060768 · Cited by 16
“oxidative damage and reacting with proteins to reduce their function [47].”
BackgroundLu, H.-C., Lin, T., Ng, M. Y., Hsieh, C., Liao, Y., Chen, C., Yu, C., & Chen, C.-J. (2022) · Journal of Dental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jds.2022.10.003 · Cited by 13
Circulating Irisin and esRAGE as Early Biomarkers of Decline of Metabolic Health
Dozio, E., Vianello, E., Sitzia, C., Ambrogi, F., Benedini, S., Gorini, S., Rampoldi, B., Rigolini, R., Tacchini, L., & Romanelli, M. M. C. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9020454 · Cited by 13
“An imbalance between production and detoxification leads to their accumulation and the onset and progression of different disorders, such as cardiometabolic diseases [39].”
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Haffer, H. P. H., Chiapparelli, E. A., Moser, M., Muellner, M., Dodo, Y., Amini, D. A., Zhu, J., Miller, T. T., Han, Y. X., Donnelly, E. L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1002/jor.25350 · Cited by 12
“According to the hypothesis, fAGEs as a marker of tissue aging, is expected to increase with age over time.(32,33) A possible explanation for our contradictory findings is supported by in vitro and animal model studies that consider the accumulation of AGEs as a marker of reduced bone turnover resulting from changed r…”
ResultGuha, S. K., Cheng, A., Carroll, T., King, D. P., Koren, S. A., Swords, S., Nehrke, K. W., & Johnson, G. V. W. (2022) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyac104 · Cited by 11
Self-citationWang, W., Kou, Y., Du, Y., Li, M., Zhang, J., Yan, A., Xie, J., & Shen, M. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12040724 · Cited by 13
“It has been reported that accumulation of AGEs may be associated with the development of many age-related diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, kidney disease, and Alzheimer’s disease [10].”
BackgroundEpigenetic meets metabolism: novel vulnerabilities to fight cancer
Scumaci, D., & Zheng, Q. (2023) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-023-01253-7 · Cited by 13
“Due to the further oxidation and rearrangement, these early-stage products are able to be converted to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that contain complicated aromatic ring structures (such as glucosepane) [81].”
BackgroundNon-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging—The Review
Holmannová, D., Borský, P., Kovaříková, H., Štveráková, T., Vošmik, M., Hruška, L., Fiala, Z., & Borská, L. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242015468 · Cited by 13
“Aging is associated with increased levels of AGEs that depend on the increased production and degradation activity of glyoxalases [64–66].”
BackgroundYang, C., Geng, X., Wan, G., Song, L., Wang, Y., Zhou, G., Wang, J., & Pan, Z. (2024) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.117720 · Cited by 12
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Raman Spectroscopy in Cellular and Tissue Aging Research
Kim, J. H., Yang, D., & Park, S. (2025) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14494 · Cited by 12
“…lipids, and proteins throughout various tissues and cells as an individual ages, thereby altering the biophysical and bio-chemical properties of tissues or organs (Avery and Bailey 2006; DeGroot et al. 2001) and resulting in age-related diseases and complications (Chaudhuri et al. 2018).”
Mascolo, E., Liguori, F., Mecarelli, L. S., Amoroso, N., Merigliano, C., Amadio, S., Volonté, C., Contestabile, R., Tramonti, A., & Vernı̀, F. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22020918 · Cited by 12
“These toxic compounds are produced by hyperglycemia through non-enzymatic glycating reactions occurring between an excess of glucose and the amino groups of proteins and DNA [49].”
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Fatima, N., Khan, M., Jawed, H. A., Qureshi, U., Ul‐Haq, Z., Hafizur, R. M., Shah, T. A., Dauelbait, M., Jardan, Y. A. B., & Shazly, G. A. (2024) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s40360-024-00811-0 · Cited by 11
“Moreover, recent studies suggest that AGEs have been linked to various degenerative diseases [10–12] including diabetes [13], Alzheimer’s disease [14, 15], chronic kidney disease [16], atherosclerosis [17, 18], and cancer via receptor-mediated signaling cascade [19].”
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“The accumulation can progress into aggregation, which negatively affect cell functions and participate in disease development, including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, liver disorders, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases [8, 10, 11].”
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“In this regard, RCS-induced protein glycation and the derived accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) during the aging process have received great attention, because these events may be the key bridge connecting aging with different human diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, or neurodegenerative…”
BackgroundInhibition by pesticides of the DJ-1/Park7 protein related to Parkinson disease.
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“AGEs are reactive metabolites derived from sugars that are either produced endogenously as by-products of energy metabolism and oxidative stress, or can be acquired exogenously through dietary sources [3].”
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“Endogenous AGEs from the daily diet can accumulate in vivo and cause many harmful effects, such as increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and other chronic diseases [14,15].”
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Visualization of Protein‐Specific Glycation in Living Cells via Bioorthogonal Chemical Reporter
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Glycolaldehyde-derived advanced glycation end products suppress STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling via CD36
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Orally Bioavailable Prodrugs of ψ-GSH: A Potential Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease
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Glucuronic acid is a novel source of pentosidine, associated with schizophrenia
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“The adverse influence of AGEs accumulation is extensive throughout the body and can lead to various diseases [1,5,6].”
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Molecular mechanisms involved in hyperglycemia-induced cellular damage
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chaudhuri, J., Bains, Y., Guha, S., Kahn, A., Hall, D., Bose, N., Gugliucci, A., & Kapahi, P.
- Affiliations
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging (US)
- Touro University California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chaudhuri, Jyotiska
- Gugliucci, Alejandro
- Kapahi, Pankaj
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 337-352
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6355252
- OpenAlex
- W2892213316
- Cited by
- 669
- References
- 179
- Citations by year
- 2026: 70 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 91 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 6.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Touro Scholar (Touro College) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Federation for Aging Research
- Larry L. Hillblom Foundation
- impact circle award
- NIH (R21 AG053066, RO1 AG045835, RO1 5RO1HL113887)
- Touro University California
- NIH/NIA (T32 AG000266)
- Hillblom Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Potato Plant Research
- Keywords
- advanced glycation end products, aging, metabolic disorders, AGE formation, age-related diseases, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, invertebrate models, drug screening
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Drosophila melanogaster, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Yeasts, Signal Transduction, Glycation End Products, Advanced, Caenorhabditis elegans, Oxidative Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Models, Animal, Mice, Rats
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