Multimodal EEG-fMRI: advancing insight into large-scale human brain dynamics
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Advances in the acquisition and analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are revealing increasingly rich spatiotemporal structure across the human brain. Nonetheless, uncertainty surrounding the origins of fMRI hemodynamic signals, and in the link between large-scale fMRI patterns and ongoing functional states, presently limits the neurobiological conclusions one can draw from fMRI alone. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides complementary information about neural electrical activity and state change, and simultaneously acquiring EEG together with fMRI presents unique opportunities for studying large-scale brain activity and gaining more information from fMRI itself. Here, we discuss recent progress in the use of concurrent EEG-fMRI to enrich the investigation of neural and physiological states and clarify the origins of fMRI hemodynamic signals. Throughout, we outline perspectives on future directions and open challenges.
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Aligning and integrating EEG with fMRI data has shown potential for providing deeper insights into human brain dynamics.
“Additionally, aligning and integrating EEG with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data has shown potential for providing deeper insights into human brain dynamics [106].”
From Challenges in AI-driven Biomedical Multimodal Data Fusion and Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [106]
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- Authors
- Chang, C., & Chen, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chang, Catie
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 18
- Pages
- 100279
- ISSN
- 2468-4511 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8174780
- OpenAlex
- W3137332104
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (K22ES028048, K99NS118120, R01NS112252)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- EEG-fMRI, neural oscillations, neural states, spatiotemporal brain activity, multimodal neuroimaging
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