Softwarization and virtualization in 5G mobile networks: benefits, trends and challenges
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Network function virtualization and service function chaining in 5G networks incur new security challenges.
“network function virtualization (NFV) and service function chaining in 5G networks, however, also incur new security challenges [47], [48].”
From Blockchain for 5G and beyond networks: A state of the art survey (2020) · cites this paper as [48]
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5G case study of Internet of Skills: Slicing the human senses
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Programmable policies for data offloading in LTE network
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A model for virtual radio resource management in virtual RANs
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Network slicing management & prioritization in 5G mobile systems
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Extending SDN to End Nodes Towards Heterogeneous Wireless Mobility
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Taming Mobility Management Functions in 5G: Handover Functionality as a Service (FaaS)
Morales, A. C., Aijaz, A., & Mahmoodi, T. (2015) · IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) · doi:10.1109/glocomw.2015.7414151 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
On the Applications of Efficient NFV Management Towards 5G Networking
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A survey of mobile data networks
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Cross-layer resource allocation in cloud radio access network
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On the integration of verticals through 5G control plane
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System design for 5G converged networks
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3G meets the internet: understanding the performance of hierarchical routing in 3G networks
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Directions for future cellular mobile network architecture
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Multi-tenancy for Virtualized Network Functions
Medhat, A. M., Carella, G., Mwangama, J., & Ventura, N. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft) · doi:10.1109/netsoft.2015.7116177 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Resources negotiation for network virtualization in LTE-A networks
Tseliou, G., Adelantado, F., & Verikoukis, C. (2014) · International Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/icc.2014.6883804 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Service and system enhancements for TDMA digital cellular systems
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LTE-Advanced coverage enhancements
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SDN solutions for 5G transport networks
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Optimal middlebox function placement in virtualized evolved packet core systems
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Approach to virtualization of Evolved Packet Core Network Functions
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Balancing Sum Rate and TCP Throughput in OFDMA Based Wireless Networks
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Towards Mobile Federated Network Operators
Mwangama, J., Ventura, N., Willner, A., Al-Hazmi, Y., Carella, G., & Magedanz, T. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft) · doi:10.1109/netsoft.2015.7116187 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Design of Session and Bearer Control Signaling in 3GPP LTE System
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TCP-aware resource allocation in OFDMA based wireless networks
Mahmoodi, T., Friderikos, V., Holland, O., & Aghvami, A. H. (2009) · International Workshop on Cross Layer Design (IWCLD) · doi:10.1109/iwcld.2009.5156527 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Configuration cost vs. QoS trade-off analysis and optimization of SDR access virtualization schemes
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Demo: OpenAirInterface: an open LTE network in a PC
Nikaein, N. K. (n.d.) · Graduate School and Research Center in Digital Science (EURECOM) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Demo - Closer to cloud-RAN: RAN as a service
Nikaein, N., Knopp, R., Gauthier, L., Schiller, E., Braun, T., Pichon, D., Christian, B., Kaltenberger, F., & Nussbaum, D. (2015) · doi:10.7892/boris.70329 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Improved scheme of RRC message transmission in LTE system
Wang, Z., & Luo, S. (2010) · International Conference on Educational and Information Technology · doi:10.1109/iceit.2010.5608357 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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5G network slicing using SDN and NFV: A survey of taxonomy, architectures and future challenges
Barakabitze, A. A., Ahmad, A., Mijumbi, R., & Hines, A. (2019) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2019.106984 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
Blockchain for 5G and beyond networks: A state of the art survey
Nguyen, D. C., Pathirana, P. N., Ding, M., & Seneviratne, A. (2020) · Journal of Network and Computer Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102693 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
“ing 5G IoT applications [172].”
Open, Programmable, and Virtualized 5G Networks: State-of-the-Art and the Road Ahead
Bonati, L., Polese, M., D’Oro, S., Basagni, S., & Melodia, T. (2020) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107516 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
“Mobile networks are transitioning from monolithic architectures, based on dedicated ‘‘ black-box ’’ hardware with proprietary firmware and software, to disaggregated deployments based on open source software that runs on generic SDR or ‘‘agnostic’’ computing devices [28– 30].”
MethodSiddiqi, M. A., Yu, H., & Joung, J. (2019) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics8090981 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
“Other areas of beyond 5G include security [73,74], spectral and energy efficiency, resiliency (i.”
BackgroundNetwork Slicing: Recent Advances, Taxonomy, Requirements, and Open Research Challenges
Khan, L. U., Yaqoob, I., Tran, N. H. K., Han, Z., & Hong, C. S. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975072 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“Enabling the network to overcome these challenges via network slicing requires the use of cloud computing, edge computing, NFV, and SDN [7], [37]–[40].”
BackgroundGaurav, A., Gupta, B. B., & Panigrahi, P. K. (2022) · Enterprise Information Systems · doi:10.1080/17517575.2021.2023764 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
“Researchers proposed to use the concept of NFV for improving the security of IoT devices against malware attacks in 5 g networks (Benzaid and Taleb 2020; Condoluci and Mahmoodi 2018; Farris et al. 2018; Ojo, Adami, and Giordano 2016).”
MethodA Survey on the Current Security Landscape of Intelligent Transportation Systems
Lamssaggad, A., Benamar, N., Hafid, A. S., & Msahli, M. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3050038 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Open RAN security: Challenges and opportunities
Liyanage, M., Braeken, A., Shahabuddin, S., & Ranaweera, P. S. (2023) · Journal of Network and Computer Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2023.103621 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A Survey on Open Radio Access Networks: Challenges, Research Directions, and Open Source Approaches
Azariah, W., Bimo, F. A., Lin, C.-W., Cheng, R.-G., Nikaein, N., & Jana, R. (2022) · Italian National Conference on Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24031038 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“Virtualization enables the softwarized RAN to be sub-divided into smaller parts within single hardware that enhances softwarization [29].”
Empowering the 6G Cellular Architecture With Open RAN
Polese, M., Döhler, M., Dressler, F., Erol‐Kantarci, M., Jana, R., Knopp, R., & Melodia, T. (2023) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3334610 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“1 reports a high-level illustration of the the 4G core, or Evolved Packet Core [28], and of the 5G core, which is based on chaining and orchestrating multiple atomic network functions through a Service-based Architecture (SBA) [29].”
BackgroundWazid, M., Das, A. K., Shetty, S. S., Gope, P., & Rodrigues, J. J. P. C. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3047895 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“low latency will be very helpful for such kind of healthcare system [2], [23], [52], [53].”
BackgroundTahir, M., Habaebi, M. H., Dabbagh, M., Mughees, A., Ahad, A., & Ahmed, K. I. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3003020 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“Along with C-RAN, network virtualization and softwarization will enable to deliver various services on-demand [27].”
BackgroundKarar, M. E., Shehata, H. I., & Reyad, O. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12073276 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“It brings the potential to transmit data at fast speeds and with low latency, which could aid the development of IoT systems for fall detection [18].”
Habibi, M. A., Han, B., Fellan, A., Jiang, W., Sánchez, A. G., Pavón, I. L., Boubendir, A., & Schotten, H. D. (2023) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3294445 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Softwarization refers to the realization of hardware-based functions using software in order to enable a flexible, dynamic, reconfigurable, and upgradable implementation of said functions [60].”
MethodSasiain, J., Franco, D., Atutxa, A., Astorga, J., & Jacob, E. (2024) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3422613 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
A Network Function Virtualization System for Detecting Malware in Large IoT Based Networks
Guizani, N., & Ghafoor, A. (2020) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2020.2986618 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“5G is becoming the leading network technology for supporting NFV applications [6], [7].”
BackgroundZero-touch networks: Towards next-generation network automation
Rajab, M. E., Yang, L., & Shami, A. (2024) · Comput. Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2024.110294 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Service Function Chain Placement in Distributed Scenarios: A Systematic Review
Santos, G. L., Bezerra, D. D. F., Rocha, É. D. S., Ferreira, L., Moreira, A., Gonçalves, G. E., Marquezini, M. V., Recse, Á., Mehta, A., Kelner, J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Network and Systems Management · doi:10.1007/s10922-021-09626-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ammar, S., Lau, C. P., & Shihada, B. (2024) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3414622 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“As a result, updating existing functions or adding new services is realized by updating the software, which increases the network flexibility, and reduces the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX) [16], [30].”
BackgroundMethodIntelligent-Slicing: An AI-Assisted Network Slicing Framework for 5G-and-Beyond Networks
Abdellatif, A. A., Abo-eleneen, A., Mohamed, A. M. S., Erbad, A., Navkar, N. V., & Guizani, M. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management · doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3274236 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“For example, an integrated NFV-based management architecture for dynamic deployment of instances of virtual tenant networks is investigated in [4].”
BackgroundSlicing on the Road: Enabling the Automotive Vertical through 5G Network Softwarization
Campolo, C., Fontes, R. D. R., Molinaro, A., Rothenberg, C. E., & Iera, A. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18124435 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“This is viable through network softwarization technologies [8] such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV) [9] and Software-defined Networking (SDN) [10], and through Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) principles [11].”
MethodSmart grid in the context of industry 4.0: an overview of communications technologies and challenges
Qarabash, N. A., Sabry, S. S., & Qarabash, H. A. (2020) · Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science · doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp656-665 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Another two concepts that can improve smart grid management are Softwarization and virtualization, Softwarization is a paradigm where functionality is employed on a software level rather than hardware, this makes it easily reconfigurable, and more flexible to new additions and interacting with different technologies,…”
BackgroundAsheralieva, A., & Niyato, D. T. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking · doi:10.1109/tccn.2020.2994366 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“…data communication and control protocols to support various mobile/IoT applications, e.g., spectrum sharing [15]–[19], network virtualization [20]–[22], or data and resource management [14], [23]–[27], by taking advantage of such useful blockchain features as traceability, decentralization,…”
BackgroundSoftwarization of 5G Networks–Implications to Open Platforms and Standardizations
Lake, D., Wang, N., Tafazolli, R., & Samuel, L. G. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3071649 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Condoluci and Mahmoodi [112] discuss how the benefits of softwarization provide flexibility in terms of speed of innovation and scalability, but do not consider any performance issues, indicating that this remains an open area for future research.”
BackgroundDynamic Network Slicing and Resource Allocation for 5G-and-Beyond Networks
Abdellatif, A. A., Mohamed, A. M. S., Erbad, A., & Guizani, M. (2022) · IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference · doi:10.1109/wcnc51071.2022.9771877 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Kim, J.-A., Park, D. G., & Jeong, J. (2019) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-019-01356-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Future network technologies have recently evolved toward 5G (Condoluci and Mahmoodi 2018; Frias and Martínez 2018).”
BackgroundZia, K., Chiumento, A., & Havinga, P. (2022) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3215731 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Many QoS management solutions proposed in literature involve centralised control mechanism employing Software Defined Networking (SDN) approaches [4], [5].”
Implementing an Efficient Architecture for Latency Optimisation in Smart Farming
Makondo, N., Kobo, H. I., Mathonsi, T. E., & Plessis, D. D. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3466994 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“To reduce user plane latency, the user plane functions could be spread geographically close to 5GNR, while CP services could be centralised to maximise the benefits of virtualisation [59].”
BackgroundProactive Self-Healing Approaches in Mobile Edge Computing: A Systematic Literature Review
Adeniyi, O., Sadiq, A. S., Pillai, P., Taheir, M. A., & Kaiwartya, O. (2023) · Computers · doi:10.3390/computers12030063 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Debbabi, F., Jmal, R., & Fourati, L. C. (2021) · Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/cpe.6352 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
6G‐edge support of Internet of Autonomous Vehicles: A survey
Khedher, H. I., Laroui, M., Mohammed, M. A., Magnouche, A., Moungla, H., & Afifi, H. (2023) · Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies · doi:10.1002/ett.4918 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Koukaras, C., Koukaras, P., Ioannidis, D., & Stavrinides, S. G. (2025) · Telecom · doi:10.3390/telecom6020021 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pliatsios, D., & Sarigiannidis, P. G. (2019) · Information · doi:10.3390/info10110336 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gooderham, P. N., Elter, F., Pedersen, T., & Sandvik, A. M. (2022) · Journal of International Management · doi:10.1016/j.intman.2022.100946 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A Survey on Requirements of Future Intelligent Networks: Solutions and Future Research Directions
Husen, A., Chaudary, M. H., & Ahmad, F. (2022) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3524106 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
5G/5G+ network management employing AI-based continuous deployment
Panek, M., Pomykała, A., Jabłoński, I., & Woźniak, M. (2023) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2023.109984 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Enabling Network Technologies For Flexible Railway Connectivity
Narouwa, M., Mendiboure, L., Badis, H., Maaloul, S., Molla, D. M., Berbineau, M., & Langar, R. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3479879 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“The advantages of this service for railway applications are the flexibility of updates and deployment, virtual isolation over a single infrastructure, and cost reduction (capital expenditure - CAPEX and operational expenditure-OPEX) [114], [115].”
BackgroundBig Data Challenges in 5G Networks
Rashid, S., & Razak, S. B. A. (2019) · International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks · doi:10.1109/icufn.2019.8806076 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Currently, during normal operations by management and control functions a huge amount of data is already generated in 4G networks and expected more to come in 5G networks due to heterogeneity in layers, diversification process and technologies, the additional management and control complexity increases in SDN and NFV…”
BackgroundAthena: An Intelligent Multi-x Cloud Native Network Operator
Mohammadi, A., & Nikaein, N. (2023) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3336172 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“On the other hand, owing to the rapid evolution of technology, research materials on the cloud native and MANO dating before 2015 (marking approximate date of Kubernetes becoming popular) are now either irrelevant, inadequate, or obsolete, yet being referred in the recent works such as [4, 7].”
BackgroundMulti-UE 5G RAN Measurements: A Gamut of Architectural Options
Grohmann, A. I., Seidel, M., Itting, S. A. W., Cheng, R., Martin Reisslein, B., & Fitzek, F. H. P. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3523467 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Chen, N., Song, Y., Cao, Y., Sun, Z., Zhao, B., Wang, M., He, D., & Peng, G. (2025) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.012 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A Complete EDA and DL Pipeline for Softwarized 5G Network Intrusion Detection
Moubayed, A. (2024) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi16090331 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and the Rise of Autonomous Smart Cities
Allam, Z. (2020) · Sustainable urban futures · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59448-0_2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Intelligent Optimization and Machine Learning for 5G Network Control and Management
Hernández-Chulde, C., & Cervelló-Pastor, C. (2019) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24299-2_33 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
ITFDS: Channel-Aware Integrated Time and Frequency-Based Downlink LTE Scheduling in MANET
Tuấn, L. M., Sơn, L. H., Long, H. V., Priya, L. R., Soundar, K. R., Robinson, Y. H., & Kumar, R. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20123394 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Incremental federated learning for traffic flow classification in heterogeneous data scenarios
Pekár, A., Makara, Á. L., & Biczók, G. (2024) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-024-10281-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sarala, R. M., Tarba, S. Y., Zahoor, N., Khan, H., Cooper, C. L., & Arslan, A. (2024) · The Journal of Technology Transfer · doi:10.1007/s10961-024-10158-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…of Extended author information available on the last page of the article cloud computing technologies that enable “on-demand access to different applications and services by sharing pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage)” (Condoluci & Mahmoodi, 2018, p. 66).”
Service for Deploying Digital Twins of QKD Networks
Martin, R., López, B., Vidal, I., Valera, F., & Nogales, B. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14031018 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In particular, softwarization and virtualization [40] play a pivotal role in 5G, facilitating the swift deployment of complex services as a composition of individual software components.”
BackgroundTRADE-5G: A blockchain-based transparent and secure resource exchange for 5G network slicing
Diallo, E.-H., Agha, K. A., & Martin, S. (2024) · Blockchain Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100246 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Latency Bounds of Packet-Based Fronthaul for Cloud-RAN with Functionality Split
Mountaser, G., Mahlouji, M., & Mahmoodi, T. (2019) · International Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/icc.2019.8761906 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“One of the architecture enablers of fifth generation (5G) is Cloud-RAN that is supported through multiple technological advances in the network including softwarization, virtualization and cloudification [1].”
BackgroundA Lightweight Mutual Authentication with Wearable Device in Location-Based Mobile Edge Computing
Chen, C., Chiang, M., Hsieh, H.-C., Liu, C.-C., & Deng, Y. (2020) · Wireless Personal Communications · doi:10.1007/s11277-020-07240-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Approaches and Methods for Regulation of Security Risks in 5G and 6G
Jahankhani, H., Kendzierskyj, S., & Hussien, O. A. A. M. (2023) · Advanced sciences and technologies for security applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-33631-7_2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A trust-aware openflow switching framework for software defined networks (SDN)
Karmakar, K. K., Varadharajan, V., Hitchens, M., Tupakula, U. K., & Sariputra, P. (2023) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2023.110109 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Representation of 3GPP 5G-V2X Sidelink Enhancements in Releases 14, 15, 16, and 17
Abubakar, S., Shariff, A. B. M., Zaini, K. M., & Fadilah, S. I. (2022) · Traitement du Signal · doi:10.18280/ts.390216 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The case for serverless mobile networking
Gramaglia, M., Serrano, P., Banchs, A., García-Avilés, G., García‐Saavedra, A., & Pérez, R. (2020) · IMDEA Networks Institute Digital Repository · Cited by 10 · see citing works
CP-SDN: A New Approach for the Control Operation of 5G Mobile Networks to Improve QoS
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“These VMs can be mounted over different platforms, which makes virtualization more flexible and the technology versatile [13].”
BackgroundOptimal Assignment Plan in Sliced Backhaul Networks
Quadri, C., Premoli, M., Ceselli, A., Gaito, S., & Rossi, G. P. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986535 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Their implementation relies on the advances of network virtualization technologies, namely, network function virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN), [1].”
BackgroundSecurity Testbed for Next Generation Mobile Networks
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“Towards this, softwarization and virtualization are two novel architecture paradigms that are being considered in the design of 5G network architecture[7].”
MethodCloud-Enabled Deployment of 5G Core Network with Analytics Features
Zięba, M., Natkaniec, M., & Boryło, P. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14167018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A Novel Approach to Multi-Provider Network Slice Selector for 5G and Future Communication Systems
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“These points raise interesting questions that need to be evaluated, such as the End-toEnd (E2E) model in NS environments; the guarantee of continuity of services in a roaming NS architecture without the interruption of active services and with guaranteed stability in the delivery of data in scenarios with medium and h…”
BackgroundYadav, S., & Nanivadekar, S. S. (2023) · Cybernetics & Systems · doi:10.1080/01969722.2023.2175147 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, the consumption of D2D communiqu (cid:1) es in 5 G networks (Condoluci and Mahmoodi 2018; Din, Paul, and Rehman 2019) faces a certain novel technical challenge, which includes mode selection, resource allocation, power allotment, intervention management and so on (Font-Bach et al.…”
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“[7] M.”
BackgroundAn Enhanced Virtualized Control and Key Management Model for QKD Networks
López, B., Vidal, I., Valera, F., & Lopez, D. R. (2025) · IEEE Network · doi:10.1109/mnet.2025.3538752 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Meanwhile, virtualization allows the abstraction of hardware devices by creating virtual instances, improving scalability, resource efficiency, and enabling the dynamic allocation of network softwarized functions across different locations [1].”
Using UE-VBS for dynamic virtual small cells deployment and backhauling in 5G Ultra-Dense networks
Venkateswararao, K., Swain, P., Christophorou, C., & Pitsillides, A. (2021) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2021.107926 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Development on Open-RAN Simulator with 5G-LENA
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“Nowadays, the open radio access network (O-RAN) paradigm has dramatically gained wide attention from industry to academia owing to its flexibility, openness, and intelligence [1].”
BackgroundKhan, S. D., Iqbal, S., Qureshi, K. N., Ghafoor, K. Z., Kim, P., & Jeon, G. (2021) · Computer Communications · doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2021.05.010 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Mode Selection for Coexistence of D2D-U and Wi-Fi
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On Trustworthy Scalable Hardware/Software Platform Design
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The xApp Store: A Framework for xApp Onboarding and Deployment in O-RAN
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“More recently, these hardware elements are being increasingly replaced by software virtualisation [1], similar to what was seen in the cloud domain.”
Traffic data classification in SDN network based on machine learning algorithms
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“[14].”
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A Secure Link-Layer Connectivity Platform for Multi-Site NFV Services
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“At the heart of 5G, softwarization plays a fundamental role [1], supporting the replacement of traditional specialized hardware equipment by versatile software components.”
Background5G Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities with IoT and Smart Societies
Shah, Y., Chelvachandran, N., Kendzierskyj, S., Jahankhani, H., & Janoso, R. (2020) · Advanced sciences and technologies for security applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35746-7_9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Coordinating Communication and Computing for Wireless VR in Open Radio Access Networks
Li, H., Chen, Z., Guo, F., Li, N., Sun, Y., Peng, M., & Liu, Y. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3540111 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Withsoftwarizationandvirtualization[9]introduced,openRAN alsopavesthewayforintelligencebyincorporatingAIintothe orchestration,operation,andmaintenanceofthenetwork[10], [11].”
Distributed ledgers and security mechanisms on radio access networks: A systematic review
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Performance Evaluation of Virtualization Methodologies to Facilitate NFV Deployment
Zahoor, S., Ahmad, I., Rehman, A. U., Eldin, E. T., Ghamry, N. A., & Shafiq, M. (2022) · Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print) · doi:10.32604/cmc.2023.035960 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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“By utilizing these technologies, it is expected that communication with customers will replace communication that uses other media due to the following advantages (Condoluci & Mahmoodi, 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialRadio Access Network Attacks: A Comprehensive Survey
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“The most recent mobile networks are immersed in softwarization and virtualization [8].”
A Terabit Hybrid FPGA-ASIC Platform for Switch Virtualization
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“need for multi-terabit bandwidth in backbone networks [24], [25], telecommunication companies interested in providing 5G coverage to its users may avoid significant capital expenditure with the installation of radio-base stations and equipment purchase by leasing them from an infrastructure provider [21].”
BackgroundPerformance Tuning via Lean Measurements for Acceleration of Network Functions Virtualization
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“To address large-scale dense model networks, NFV applications require high throughput, consistent low latency, and high I/O rate processing capabilities to provide the required service level agreements [17].”
BackgroundA Software Defined Radio Implementation of Physical Layer Security Using MIMO-SVD
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“The telecommunications sector, in particular, has benefited immensely from virtualization [1], as is the case of mobile networks shifting from monolithic hardware stacks, to flexible and re-configurable software functions.”
BackgroundQuality-aware analysis and optimisation of virtual network functions
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“Software-Defined Networking (SDN) [32] and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) [26], are widely accepted paradigms to address the new structure of network architectures.”
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Applying SDN to Mobile Networks: A NewPerspective for 6G ArchitecturePreprint
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A Review of PFCP Cyber Attacks in 5G Standalone for Robotic Telesurgery Services
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SDN Integrated 5G Network Architecture: A Review, Benefits and Challenges
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BackgroundEnhancing 5G network performance through effective resource management with network slicing
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BackgroundMachine learning-based co-resident attack detection for 5G clouded environments
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Distributed Intelligence for Automated 6G Network Management Using Reinforcement Learning
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BackgroundDevOps Value Flows in Software-Intensive System of Systems
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Intelligent Application for User Equipment Positioning in Open-RAN
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“The open radio access network (Open-RAN) has gained wide attention owing to its attractive advantages (e.g., openness, intelligence, and flexibility) [1].”
- Authors
- Condoluci, M., & Mahmoodi, T.
- Affiliations
- Ericsson (Sweden) (SE)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mahmoodi, Toktam
- Venue
- Computer Networks
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 146
- Pages
- 65-84
- ISSN
- 1389-1286 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2891705554
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 8.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Computer Networks (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P003974/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Software-Defined Networks and 5G
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Data and IoT Technologies
- Keywords
- 5G, network softwarization, network virtualization, network function virtualization, 5G standardization, network architecture design
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