Detection in situ of carotenoid in microalgae by transmission spectroscopy
Abstract
Carotenoids, which can be part of the food additives and drug additive, are one of important internal quality indexes for living microalgae. In the present study, visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR) transmission spectra in situ of Spirulina sp. suspension were required using an Ocean Optics USB 4000 Spectrometer in the wavelength range of 346–1038nm, and the loading weights (LW) analysis, uninformative variables elimination (UVE) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were used to select important variables related to the carotenoids content (CC) for the Spirulina sp. suspension. Different concentrations of 100 samples of Spirulina sp. suspension were selected. The results showed the correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) in the prediction sets were 0.96, 0.23mg/L, 3.40, 0.89, 0.39mg/L, 1.59 and 0.96, 0.24mg/L, 3.44 for x-LW-PLS, UVE-PLS and SPA-PLS model respectively. It indicated that SPA-PLS gave the best result, while x-LW-PLS was better than UVE-PLS. So, Vis/NIR transmission spectra combined with SPA method was feasible to assess CC of Spirulina sp. suspension. And SPA variable selection method can simplify the prediction model and improve the model prediction precision. Furthermore, the method can be used as a good example for the detection in situ of other pigment content in other microalgae.
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Technological advances have rendered NIR spectroscopy increasingly practical because of its simplicity, portability, low energy cost, and improving sensitivity.
“Recently, technological advances have rendered NIR spectroscopy increasingly practical because of its simplicity, portability, low energy cost, and improving sensitivity [68] .”
From Microalgal process-monitoring based on high-selectivity spectroscopy tools: status and future perspectives (2018) · cites this paper as [68]
Shao et al. estimated carotenoid concentration in Spirulina using VIS/NIR transmission spectra 346-1038 nm by 0.3 nm acquired with a USB4000 fiber optic probe immersed in a test tube and a halogen light source.
“Shao et al. [32] estimated carotenoid concentration in Spirulina by using VIS/NIR transmission spectra 346-1038 nm by 0.3 nm acquired with a USB4000 (Ocean Optics, Dunedin, FL, USA) fiber optic probe immersed in a test tube and a halogen light source.”
From On-Line Monitoring of Biological Parameters in Microalgal Bioprocesses Using Optical Methods (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
Such models could potentially be used for real time on-line estimation of various process variables by acquiring real time data automatically on-line through suitably designed and placed fiber probes measuring fluorescence.
“Such models could potentially be used for real time on-line estimation of various process variables by acquiring the real time data used as input for models automatically on-line through suitably designed and placed fiber probes measuring fluorescence just as they are used in the series for measuring samples drawn from the PBR.”
From On-Line Monitoring of Biological Parameters in Microalgal Bioprocesses Using Optical Methods (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
A chemometric model using LW-PLS, UVE-PLS and SPA-PLS methods was developed, with SPA-PLS giving the best results.
“A chemometric model was developed using the LW-PLS, UVE-PLS and SPA-PLS method, with the latter giving the best results.”
From On-Line Monitoring of Biological Parameters in Microalgal Bioprocesses Using Optical Methods (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
Sa and co-authors and other authors developed data-driven chemometric models based on 2D fluorometry (EEMs) as inputs for estimation of several biological variables in microalgal cultivations, including cell count, cell viability and concentrations of nitrate, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, fatty acids as total, saturated and unsaturated, and eicosapentaenoic acid fraction in TAG content.
“In a series of publications, Sa and various co-authors [40,41,[48][49][50] and other authors [32,63] developed data-driven chemometric models based on 2D fluorometry (EEMs) as inputs for estimation of several biological variables in microalgal cultivations, including cell count, cell viability and concentrations of nitrate, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, fatty acids as total, saturated and”
From On-Line Monitoring of Biological Parameters in Microalgal Bioprocesses Using Optical Methods (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Shao, Y., Pan, J., Zhang, C., Jiang, L., & He, Y.
- Affiliations
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- Zhejiang Technical Institute of Economics (CN)
- Corresponding author
- He, Yong
- Venue
- Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 112
- Pages
- 121-127
- ISSN
- 0168-1699 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2064389534
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computers and Electronics in Agriculture (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Higher Education Research Fund for the doctoral program of the new teacher project of China (20130101120149)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013QNA6011)
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LY14C130008)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Keywords
- carotenoids, Spirulina, microalgae, in situ detection, successive projections algorithm, feature selection, partial least squares regression, uninformative variable elimination
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