The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Deploying multimodal learning analytics models to explore the impact of digital distraction and peer learning on student performance
Open accessAbstract
Social media have been extensively incorporated in higher education as an indispensable tool for learning. Nevertheless, research has conflicting findings about its effectiveness due to the highly reported digital distraction and poor peer learning engagement on social media. This study employed an innovative problem-based learning (PBL) pedagogy incorporating Learning Analytics to identify digital distraction, quantify the quality of peer learning engagement, and predict learning performance. Participants were 51 Taiwanese graduate students in blended Statistics courses under the PBL pedagogy. The multimodal Learning Analytics (LA) model contained data from learner discourse on Facebook groups and questionnaires, including learner characteristics, perceived digital distraction, subjective peer learning orientation, and objective peer learning engagement endorsed by machine learning (ML) models. Results showed that students reporting more digital distraction problems obtained lower final course grades, and those reporting stronger peer learning orientation received higher final course grades. Moreover, peer learning engagement objectively recognized by ML models has better predictive validity on academic performance than self-perceived peer learning orientation. The results of the multimodal LA models addressed the scarcity of studies involving learners' process data in PBL and informed instructional practices and strategies to scaffold students’ statistics learning upon detecting those at risk of distracted attention problems and poor peer learning engagement.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“AI systems have the potential to collect and analyze student data, such as academic performance, learning preferences, and social interactions.This multi-modal data can provide personalized instruction leading to increased student engagement while improving academic performance (Liao & Wu, 2022).”
From The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Special Education Technology (2023) · cites this paper as Liao & Wu, 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python
Pedregosa, F., Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, A., Michel, V., Thirion, B., Grisel, O., Blondel, M., Müller, A., Nothman, J., Louppe, G., et al. (2012) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1201.0490 · Cited by 71,016
Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
Tabri, N., & Elliott, C. M. (2012) · Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology · doi:10.15353/cgjsc.v1i1.3787 · Cited by 39,094
Natural Language Processing (almost) from ScratchPreprint
Collobert, R., Weston, J., Bottou, L., Karlen, M., Kavukcuoglu, K., & Kuksa, P. P. (2011) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1103.0398 · Cited by 6,923
Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/a0012801 · Cited by 6,664
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860 · Cited by 6,037
Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Mslq)
Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & Mckeachie, W. J. (1993) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164493053003024 · Cited by 3,646
HMELO-SILVER, C. E., DUNCAN, R. G., & CHINN, C. A. (2007) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520701263368 · Cited by 2,641
Blended learning in higher education: Students’ perceptions and their relation to outcomes
Pérez, M. V. L., Pérez-López, M. C., & Ariza, L. R. (2010) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2010.10.023 · Cited by 937
The process of problem‐based learning: what works and why
Schmidt, H. G., Rotgans, J. I., & Yew, E. H. (2011) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04035.x · Cited by 855
Comparing online and blended learner's self-regulated learning strategies and academic performance
Broadbent, J. (2017) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.01.004 · Cited by 679
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 66 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–108 of 108
Hermawan, N. (2026) · Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi Indonesia · doi:10.52436/1.jpti.1995
Liu, X., Wen, Y., Yang, X., & Gao, Y. (2026) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1002/jcal.70347 · Cited by 1
Gürler, S. A., & Yılmaz, A. D. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440261494762
Torres, G. M. T. M., Aguirre, G. J. M., & Rodríguez, W. Á. G. (2024) · Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectiva Científica · doi:10.68503/y0qy5h09
Ma, L. (2026) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-026-02395-6
Shi, Q., & Du, T. (2026) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2026.2746145
Wati, J. R. I. S., Aswan, R., & Jafar (2026) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Science MIKAILALSYS · doi:10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.12411
Zhao, X. (2026) · International Conference on Intelligent Education and Computer Technology (IECT) · doi:10.1145/3845354.3845493
Metadata
- Authors
- Liao, C.-H., & Wu, J.-Y.
- Affiliations
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Jiun-Yu
- Venue
- Computers & Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 190
- Pages
- 104599
- ISSN
- 0360-1315 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4288969674
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 12.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers & Education (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Science and Technology Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Online Learning and Analytics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Technology in Learning
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Keywords
- learning analytics, digital distraction, peer learning, problem-based learning, social media in higher education, Facebook groups, student performance prediction, graduate students, multimodal data, learner discourse, at-risk students
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review